LeRoy R. Hafen - Böcker

Known by the Indians as "Broken Hand," Thomas Fitzpatrick was a trapper and a trailblazer who became the head of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. With Jedediah Smith he led the trapper band that discovered South Pass; he then shepherded the first two emigrant wagon trains to Oregon, was official guide to Fremont on his longest expedition, and guided Colonel Phil Kearny and his Dragoons along the westward trails to impress the Indians with howitzers and swords. Fitzpatrick negotiated the Fort Laramie treaty of 1851 at the largest council of Plains Indians ever assembled. Among the most colorful of mountain men, Fitzpatrick was also party to many of the most important events in the opening of the West.

The legendary mountain men—the fur traders and trappers who penetrated the Rocky Mountains and explored the Far West in the first half on the nineteenth century—formed the vanguard of the American empire and became the heroes of American adventure. This volume brings to the general reader brief biographies of eighteen representative mountain men, selected from among the essay assembled by LeRoy R. Hafen in The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West (ten volumes, 1965-72). The subjects and authors are: Manuel Lisa (Richard E. Oglesby); Pierre Chouteau Jr. (Janet Lecompte); Wilson Price Hunt (William Brandon); William H. Ashley (Harvey L. Carter); Jedediah Smith (Harvey L. Carter); John McLoughlin (Kenneth L. Holmes); Peter Skene Ogden (Ted J. Warner); Ceran St. Vrain (Harold H. Dunham); Kit Carson (Harvey L. Carter); Old Bill Williams (Frederic E. Voelker); William Sublette (John E. Sunder);Thomas Fitzpatrick (LeRoy R. and Ann W. Hafen); James Bridger (Cornelius M. Ismert); Benjamin L. E. Bonneville (Edgeley W. Todd); Joseph R. Walker (Ardis M. Walker); Nathaniel Wyeth (William R. Sampson); Andrew Drips (Harvey L. Carter); and Joseph L. Meek (Harvey E. Tobie).

In the early 1800s vast fortunes were made in the international fur trade, an enterprise founded upon the effort of a few hundred trappers scattered across the American West. From their ranks came men who still command respect for their daring, skill, and resourcefulness. This volume brings together brief biographies of seventeen leaders of the western fur trade, selected from essays assembled by LeRoy R. Hafen in The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West (ten volumes, 1965–72). The subjects and authors are: Etienne Provost (LeRoy R. Hafen); James Ohio Pattie (Ann W. Hafen); Louis Robidoux (David J. Weber); Ewing Young (Harvey L. Carter); David F. Jackson (Carl D. W Hays); Milton G. Sublette (Doyce B. Nunis, Jr.); Lucien Fontenelle (Alan C. Trottman); James Clyman (Charles L. Camp); James P. Beckwourth (Delmot R. Oswald); Edward and Francis Ermatinger (Harriet D. Munnick); John Gantt (Harvey L. Carter); William W. Bent (Samuel P. Arnold); Charles Autobees (Janet Lecompte); Warren Angus Ferris (Lyman C. Pederson, Jr.); Manuel Alvarez (Harold H. Dunham); and Robert Campbell (Harvey L. Carter).Trappers of the Far West is the companion to Mountain Men and Fur Traders of the Far West.

To weary travelers on the Oregon Trail during the middle decades of the nineteenth century, Fort Laramie was a welcome sight. Its walls and flag-decked towers rose from the high plains, their solidity suggesting that the white man was gaining a toehold in the wilderness. Hafen and Young present the colorful history of Fort Laramie from its establishment as Fort John in 1834 to its abandonment in 1890. Early on, the fort was controlled by the American Fur Company and patronized by trappers like Jim Bridger and Kit Carson. Then it was a vital supply center and rest stop for a tide of emigrants--missionaries, Mormons, forty-niners, and homeseekers.As more wagons rolled west and the Pony Express came through, the need for protection increased; in 1849, Fort Laramie was converted from a trapper's post into a military fort. Down through the years there were skirmishes with the Plains Indians, who sometimes came to the fort to barter and to treat. The peace council of 1851—one of the largest gatherings of tribes ever seen in the Old West—is here described in fascinating detail.The cast of characters in this great historical pageant reads like a who's who of the American West.

It is unparalleled in history, the procession of Latter-Day Saints pushing handcarts from Iowa City and Florence (Omaha) to their promised Zion by the Great Salt Lake. Many of the three thousand hardy souls who trudged across thirteen hundred miles of prairie, desert, and mountain from 1856 to 1860 were European converts to the Mormon faith. Without funds for wagons and oxen, they carried their possessions in two-wheeled carts powered and aided by their own muscle and blood. Some of the weary travelers would finally be welcomed by their brethren in Salt Lake City; others would go to wayside graves or get caught in early winter storms in the Rockies and hope to be rescued by the parties sent out by Brigham Young. The migration is described in Handcarts to Zion, which draws on diaries and reports of the participants, rosters of the ten companies, and a collection of the songs sung on the trail and at "The Gathering." LeRoy R. Hafen and Ann W. Hafen dedicated the book to his mother, Mary Ann Hafen, who wrote about the long journey in Recollections of a Handcart Pioneer of 1860: A Woman's Life on the Mormon Frontier, also a Bison Book.

This classic history is filled with colorful pathmarkers like Jedediah Smith, John C. Frémont, and Kit Carson; with packers, home seekers, and mail couriers; and with horse thieves and enslavers of Indian women and children.

John Jacob Astor's dream of empire took shape as the American Fur Company. At Astor's retirement in 1834, this corporate monopoly reached westward from a depot on Mackinac Island to subposts beyond the confluence of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers. Fur Traders, Trappers, and Mountain Men of the Upper Missouri focuses on eighteen men who represented the American Fur Company and its successors in the Upper Missouri trade. Their biographies have been compiled from the classic ten-volume Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West, edited by LeRoy R. Hafen. These chapters bring back movers and shapers of a great venture: Ramsay Crooks, the mountain man who headed the American Fur Company after Astor; Kenneth McKenzie, "King of the Missouri;" Gabriel Franchere, survivor of the Astorian disaster; Charles Larpenteur, commander of Fort Union and fur-trade chronicler. Here, too, are the fiery William Laidlaw, ambitious James Kipp and John Cabanne Sr., diplomatic David Dawson Mitchell and Malcolm Clark, goutish James A. Hamilton (Palmer), controversial John F. A. Sanford and Francis A. Chardon, easy-going William Gordon, and ill-fated William E. Vanderburgh. Completing this memorable cast are Alexander Culbertson, skilled hunter; Auguste Pike Vasquez, mountain man; Henry A. Boller, educated clerk; and Jean Baptiste Moncravie, trader and raconteur.

"Frenchmen were far ahead of Englishmen in the early Far West, not only prior in time but greater in numbers and in historical importance," writes Janet Lecompte in her introduction to French Fur Traders and Voyageurs in the American West. They were the first to navigate the Mississippi and its tributaries, and they founded St. Louis and New Orleans. Though France lost her North American possessions in 1763, thousands of her natives remained on the continent. Many of them were voyageurs for Hudson's Bay Company, whose descendants would join American fur trade companies plying the trans-Mississippi West. This volume documents the fact that in the nineteenth century Frenchmen dominated the fur trade in the United States. Twenty-two biographies, collected from LeRoy R. Hafen's classic ten-volume The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West, represent a variety of origins and social classes, types of work, and trading areas. Here are trappers who joined John Jacob Astor's ill-fated fur venture on the Pacific, St. Louis traders who hauled goods to Spanish New Mexico along the Santa Fe Trail, and those who traded with Indians in the western plains and mountains.

Danger, hardship, and isolation could not turn back the tide of men and women who thirsted for yellow metal. The Pike's Peak gold rush of 1859 attracted as many gold seekers as the more famous California gold rush of the previous decade. In this volume, noted western historian LeRoy R. Hafen has collected invaluable Pike's Peak gold rush diaries chronicling the struggles, dreams, and heartaches of those who traveled the overland routes to untold riches. The diarists who came along the Arkansas and Platte Rivers and along trails from Texas, Missouri, Kansas, and Illinois created records of the landscapes and peoples they encountered as they journeyed. In the words of these single-minded adventurers, larger-than-life characters mingle with the awesome, terrible beauty of the Great Plains and the sparse comforts of the old Middle West. The Pike's Peak gold rushers provide firsthand accounts of the dangers and rewards of overland travel, as they sought ephemeral fortunes in the Rocky Mountain West.

In 1857 President Buchanan quietly sent new officials to rule the Utah Territory and replace Brigham Young as the territorial governor. With no official announcement, the new leaders were accompanied by a twenty-five-hundred-member troop under the leadership of Col. Albert Sidney Johnston. The secrecy, the size of the military force, and past experiences caused the Mormons to mistakenly believe they were about to be invaded by the federal government. Utah's territorial militia, the Nauvoo Legion, readied itself against the impending invasion until disagreement and disapproval in Washington finally led to successful diplomacy and a reluctant peace.LeRoy R. and Ann W. Hafen have brought together the principal official documents pertaining to these singular and nearly tragic events as well as excerpts from the diaries and journals of the central figures, speeches given in Congress and in Utah, and pertinent correspondence.

More than a travel book, more than an autobiography, Ruxon of the Rockies is a rare and vivid account of a man who lived during a heroic age: George Frederick Ruxton lived among and wrote about the traders and trappers of the American West.Ruxton crammed a dozen lifetimes of adventure into his brief twenty-seven years. Leaving his native England in 1838, at the age of seventeen, he set out on endless journeys - fighting in the Carlist Wars in Spain, stationed with the British army in Ireland, hunting with Indians in Upper Canada, attempting to penetrate to the interior of Africa, and carrying out a mission for his government in Mexico and the American West.In all his travels, nothing won his heart so completely as the Rocky Mountains. With the awareness of a poet and down-to-earth nature of an explorer, Ruxton wrote of their awesome grandeur, bountiful wildlife, hardy mountain men, and their inexorable annihilation of the weakling. While on his way for a second, more extended visit to his beloved Rockies, Ruxton died in St. Louis.A rewarding literary experience, this volume is essentially Ruxton's autobiography. Sections on Africa and the one on Mexico and the Rocky Mountains appeared during Ruxton's lifetime, but earlier portions have never been published before.  Ruxton of the Rockies is illustrated with sketches from his notebooks and reproductions of the incomparable watercolors of Alfred Jacob Miller, a great Western artist of Ruxton's time.

In the development of the American West, no two decades were so full of romance and change as the years from the California gold rush of 1849 to the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869. In two decades, the West was conquered and the secession movement rose and fell. From slow ox-team and prairie schooner to the dashing Pony Express, the overland mail service mirrored these monumental strides.Originally published in 1926, The Overland Mail was the first scholarly work to examine the impact of the postal service on the expansion of the West as the service evolved from a private endeavor to a government-contracted business. LeRoy R. Hafen details how the mail service tied West to East, influenced politics and economics, promoted use of the overland trails, aided in settlement, and helped usher in the railroads.This classic work is here available in paperback for the first time. In a new foreword, David Dary assesses Hafen's contributions as a writer and historian.

Mountain Men were the principal figures of the fur trade era, one of the most interesting, dramatic, and truly significant phases of the history of the American trans-Mississippi West during the first half of the 19th Century. These men were of all types—some were fugitives from law and civilization, others were the best in rugged manhood; some were heroic, some brutal, most were adventurous, and many were picturesque.The typical trapper was a young man—strong hardy and adventure loving. Having succumbed to the lure of the wilderness, his thin veneer of civilization soon rubbed off. In the wilds he had little need for money—barter supplied his simple wants. Possibly short on book-learning, he could read moccasin tracks, beaver sign, and trace of the travois.Memorials to them cover the West. Mountain peaks, passes, rivers and lakes carry their names. Towns and counties have been christened in their honor. Their trails have become our highways—their campfire ashes, our cities.Included in Volume 7 are the biographies of William H. Ashley; Geminien P. Beauvais; John Brown; Jean-Baptiste Chalifoux; Ross Cox; Thomas Fitzpatrick; Joseph Gale; Jean Baptiste Gervais; Joseph Gervais; Tim Goodale; John Harris; Ignace Hatchiorauquasha (John Grey); Denis Julien; Louis Labonte; Alexander LeGrand; Donald Manson; Lewis B. Myers; Francois Rivet; John Robertson ("Jack Robinson"); Isaac P. Rose; Reuben Smith; David Stuart; Jim Swanock and the Three Delaware Hunters; Simeon Turley; William H. Vanderburgh ; Antoine Francois ("Baronet") Vasquez; Auguste Pike Vasquez; Elijah Barney Ward; Charles A. Warfield; Isaac Williams; and William Workman.

Mountain Men were the principal figures of the fur trade era, one of the most interesting, dramatic, and truly significant phases of the history of the American trans-Mississippi West during the first half of the 19th Century. These men were of all types—some were fugitives from law and civilization, others were the best in rugged manhood; some were heroic, some brutal, most were adventurous, and many were picturesque.The typical trapper was a young man—strong hardy and adventure loving. Having succumbed to the lure of the wilderness, his thin veneer of civilization soon rubbed off. In the wilds he had little need for money—barter supplied his simple wants. Possibly short on book-learning, he could read moccasin tracks, beaver sign, and trace of the travois.Memorials to them cover the West. Mountain peaks, passes, rivers and lakes carry their names. Towns and counties have been christened in their honor. Their trails have become our highways—their campfire ashes, our cities.Included in Volume 8 are the biographies of Louis Ambroise; Albert Gallatin Boone; Robert Campbell; Michel Sylvestre; Malcom Clark; John Colter; Charles Compo; Jules DeMun; Pierre Dorion; John Dougherty; Andrew Drips; Edward and Francis Ermatinger; Jacques (Old Pino) Fournaise; Friday, the Arapaho; Antoine Janis; Charles Keemle; Jean Baptiste Lucier, Dit Gardipe; Robert McClellan; William W. McGaa; John McLoughlin; Mariano Medina; Robert Newell; James Pursley; Joseph Robidoux; Louis Robidoux; Jedediah Smith; Andrew Whitley Sublette; and William Sherley (Old Bill) Williams.

Mountain Men were the principal figures of the fur trade era, one of the most interesting, dramatic, and truly significant phases of the history of the American trans-Mississippi West during the first half of the 19th Century. These men were of all types—some were fugitives from law and civilization, others were the best in rugged manhood; some were heroic, some brutal, most were adventurous, and many were picturesque.The typical trapper was a young man—strong hardy and adventure loving. Having succumbed to the lure of the wilderness, his thin veneer of civilization soon rubbed off. In the wilds he had little need for money—barter supplied his simple wants. Possibly short on book-learning, he could read moccasin tracks, beaver sign, and trace of the travois.Memorials to them cover the West. Mountain peaks, passes, rivers and lakes carry their names. Towns and counties have been christened in their honor. Their trails have become our highways—their campfire ashes, our cities.The fourth volume comprises 397 pages, and contains 31 biographical sketches, 15 illustrations. Included in Volume IV are the biographies of George Bent; Robert Bent; George Drouillard; Moses "Black" Harris; James Ohio Pattie; Joshua Pilcher, Antoine Robidoux; John Rowland; Peter Sarpy; Thomas L. (Peg-leg) Smith.

Mountain men were the principal figures of the fur trade era, one of the most interesting, dramatic, and truly significant phases of the history of the American trans-Mississippi West during the first half of the 9th century. These men were of all types - some were fugitives from law and civilization, others were the best in rugged manhood some were heroic, some brutal, most were adventurous, and many were picturesque. The typical trapper was a young man - strong, hardy, and adventurous. Having succumbed to the lure of the wilderness, the thin veneer of civilization soon rubbed off him. In the wilds, he had little need for money - barter supplied his simple needs and wants. Possibly short on book-learning, he could read moccasin tracks, beaver sign, and the trace of the travois.Memorials to mountain men cover the West. Mountain peaks, passes, rivers, and lakes carry their names. Towns and counties have been christened in their honor. Their trails have become our highways - their campfire ashes, our cities.Included in Volume are the biographies of Manuel Alvarez Abel Baker Jean Baptiste Charbonneau Francis A. Chardon Henry Chatillon James Clyman Alexander Culbertson Jimmy Daugherty Job Frances Dye Thomas Eddie Gabriel Franchere Mark Head Charles Larpenteur Joseph L. Meek George Nidever Hiram Scott Isaac Slover Pinckney W. Sublette Solomon P. Sublette and Charles Town.

Mountain Men were the principal figures of the fur trade era, one of the most interesting, dramatic, and truly significant phases of the history of the American trans-Mississippi West during the first half of the 19th Century. These men were of all types—some were fugitives from law and civilization, others were the best in rugged manhood; some were heroic, some brutal, most were adventurous, and many were picturesque. The typical trapper was a young man—strong hardy and adventure loving. Having succumbed to the lure of the wilderness, his thin veneer of civilization soon rubbed off. In the wilds he had little need for money—barter supplied his simple wants. Possibly short on book-learning, he could read moccasin tracks, beaver sign, and trace of the travois.Memorials to them cover the West. Mountain peaks, passes, rivers and lakes carry their names. Towns and counties have been christened in their honor. Their trails have become our highways—their campfire ashes, our cities.Included in Volume 5 are the biographies of Cyrus Alexander; John Ball; James Bird, Jr.; Benjamin L. E. Bonneville; James Bordeaux; Lucien Fontenelle; John Gantt; Seth Kinman; James Kirker; Michel Laframboise; William LeBlanc; Aaron B. Lewis; Manuel Lisa; Joseph Livernois; Finnan MacDonald; Duncan McDougall; Donald McKenzie; Levin Mitchell; Bill New; Benjamin O'Fallon; Dick Owens; Antoine Plante; Ceran St. Brain; Louy Simmons; John Simpson Smith; William L. Sublette; Joseph R. Walker; and Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth.

Mountain Men were the principal figures of the fur trade era, one of the most interesting, dramatic, and truly significant phases of the history of the American trans-Mississippi West during the first half of the 19th Century. These men were of all types—some were fugitives from law and civilization, others were the best in rugged manhood; some were heroic, some brutal, most were adventurous, and many were picturesque.The typical trapper was a young man—strong hardy and adventure loving. Having succumbed to the lure of the wilderness, his thin veneer of civilization soon rubbed off. In the wilds he had little need for money—barter supplied his simple wants. Possibly short on book-learning, he could read moccasin tracks, beaver sign, and trace of the travois.Memorials to them cover the West. Mountain peaks, passes, rivers and lakes carry their names. Towns and counties have been christened in their honor. Their trails have become our highways—their campfire ashes, our cities.The ninth volume includes the biographies of Joseph Bissonet, Dit Bijou; Lemuel Carpenter; Eustache Carriere; Alexander Carson; Toussaint Charbonneau; Auguste Pierre Chouteau; Pierre Chouteau,Jr.; Ramsay Crooks; Edward De Morin; John B. Didier; James Douglas; Lewis Dutton; Russel Farnham; William Gordon; Richard Grant; Caleb Greenwood; Zacharias Ham; William T. Hamilton; Valentine Johnson ("Rube") Herring; John Hoback, Jacob Reznor, and Edward Robinson; David E. Jackson; William Kittson; Charles McKay; Robert McKnight; Joseph McLoughlin; Robert Meldrum; David Meriwether; J.B. Moncravie; John Newman; Pierre Didier Papin; Simon Plamondon; Antoine Reynal; Edward Rose; Hubert Rouleau; John F. A. Sanford; Robert Stuart; Joseph Thing; John H. Weber; Peter M. Weiser; Ezekiel Williams; and George C. Yount.