This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates". It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "e;Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates"e;. It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates". It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "e;Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates"e;. It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This open access book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the Building Digital Twin International Congress (BDTIC), held in Kaunas, Lithuania on May 14-15, 2025, as part of the SmartWins project. Focusing on digital twins to ensure the transition to a smart, sustainable, resilient and carbon neutral built environment, the contributions highlight the latest findings in this fast-growing field, addressing topics such integral components of smart buildings digitised assessment, indoor environmental quality assessment with smart sensors, IoT and digital twins for assessing the performance of smart buildings, and energy assessment of smart buildings in BIM environment.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates". It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates". It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "e;Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates"e;. It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates". It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "e;Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates"e;. It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This open access book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the Building Digital Twin International Congress (BDTIC), held in Kaunas, Lithuania on May 14-15, 2025, as part of the SmartWins project. Focusing on digital twins to ensure the transition to a smart, sustainable, resilient and carbon neutral built environment, the contributions highlight the latest findings in this fast-growing field, addressing topics such integral components of smart buildings digitised assessment, indoor environmental quality assessment with smart sensors, IoT and digital twins for assessing the performance of smart buildings, and energy assessment of smart buildings in BIM environment.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress (CLIMA), held in Milan, Italy, on June 4-6, 2025, whose theme was "Decarbonized, healthy, and energy-conscious buildings in future climates". It covers a diverse range of topics such as new HVAC components and systems, HVAC impact on comfort and health of occupants and operators, breakthrough design approaches for minimization of HVAC carbon footprint, renewable energy communities plus energy districts, energy storages for the decarbonization of heating and cooling in buildings and districts, zero emission buildings, adaptive and integrated technologies for the building envelope, options for mitigating the impact of building energy consumption on future climate changes, and smart buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.