Luciano Maiani – författare

Written by world-leading experts in particle physics, this new book from Luciano Maiani and Omar Benhar, with contributions from the late Nicola Cabibbo, is based on Feynman’s path integrals. Key elements of gauge theories are described—Feynman diagrams, gauge-fixing, Faddeev-Popov ghosts—as well as renormalization in Quantum Electrodynamics. Quarks and QCD interactions are introduced. Renormalization group and high momentum behaviour of the coupling constants is discussed in QED and QCD, with asymptotic freedom derived at one-loop. These concepts are related to the Higgs boson and models of grand unification."… an excellent introduction to the quantum theory of gauge fields and their applications to particle physics. … It will be an excellent book for the serious student and a good reference for the professional practitioner. Let me add that, scattered through the pages, we can find occasional traces of Nicola Cabibbo's style."—John Iliopoulos, CNRS-Ecole Normale Supérieure " … The volume ends with an illuminating description of the expectation generated by the recent discovery of the Higgs boson, combined with the lack of evidence for super-symmetric particles in the mass range 0.6-1 TeV."—Arturo Menchaca-Rocha, FinstP, Professor of Physics, Mexico’s National Autonomous University, Former President of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, Presidential Advisor "…The reader is masterfully guided through the subtleties of the quantum field theory and elementary particle physics from simple examples in Quantum Mechanics to salient details of modern theory."—Mikhail Voloshin, Professor of Physics, University of Minnesota

Get First-Hand Insight from a Contributor to the Standard Model of Particle PhysicsWritten by an award-winning former director-general of CERN and one of the world’s leading experts on particle physics, Electroweak Interactions explores the concepts that led to unification of the weak and electromagnetic interactions. It provides the fundamental elements of the theory of compact Lie groups and their representations, enabling a basic understanding of the role of flavor symmetry in particle physics.Understand Conceptual Elements of the Theory of Elementary Particles The book begins with the identification of the weak hadronic current with the isotopic spin current, Yang–Mills theory, and the first electroweak theory of Glashow. It discusses spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry and a local symmetry, covering the Goldstone theorem, Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism, and the theory of Weinberg and Salam. The author then describes the theory of quarks, quark mixing, the Cabibbo angle, the Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani (GIM) mechanism, the theory of Kobayashi and Maskawa, six quark flavors, and CP violation.Delve into Experimental Tests and Unresolved Problems The author goes on to explore some phenomenological topics, such as neutral current interactions of neutrinos and CP violation in the neutral K-meson system. He also highlights how flavor-changing neutral current processes have emerged as probes to reveal the presence of new phenomena at energies not yet accessible with particle accelerators. The book concludes with an explanation of the expected properties of the Higgs boson and the methods adopted for its search. The predictions are also compared with relevant experimental results.View the author’s first book in this collection: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Fields.

Written by two of the most prominent leaders in particle physics, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Fields provides a classroom-tested introduction to the formal and conceptual foundations of quantum field theory. Designed for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level physics students, the text only requires previous courses in classical mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics.The introductory chapters of the book summarise the theory of special relativity and its application to the classical description of the motion of a free particle and a field. The authors then explain the quantum formulation of field theory through the simple example of a scalar field described by the Klein–Gordon equation as well as its extension to the case of spin ½ particles described by the Dirac equation. They also present the elements necessary for constructing the foundational theories of the standard model of electroweak interactions, namely quantum electrodynamics and the Fermi theory of neutron beta decay. Many applications to quantum electrodynamics and weak interaction processes are thoroughly analysed. The book also explores the timely topic of neutrino oscillations.Logically progressing from the fundamentals to recent discoveries, this textbook provides students with the essential foundation to study more advanced theoretical physics and elementary particle physics. It will help them understand the theory of electroweak interactions and gauge theories.View the second and third books in this collection: Electroweak Interactions and An Introduction to Gauge Theories.Key Features of the new edition:Besides a general revision of text and formulae, three new chapters have been added.· Chapter 17 introduces and discusses double beta decay processes with and without neutrino emission, the latter being the only process able to determine the Dirac or Majorana nature of the neutrino (discussed in Chapter 13). A discussion of the limits to the Majorana neutrino mass obtained recently in several underground laboratories is included.· Chapter 18 illustrates the calculation of the mass spectrum of “quarkonia” (mesons composed by a pair of heavy, charm or beauty quarks), in analogy with the positronium spectrum discussed in Chapter 12. This calculation has put into evidence the existence of “unexpected” states and has led to the new field of “exotic hadrons”, presently under active theoretical and experimental scrutiny.· Chapter 19 illustrates the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, extensively used in the computation of simple molecules, and its application to the physics of exotic hadrons containing a pair of heavy quarks, with application to the recently observed doubly charmed baryons.This eBook was published Open Access with funding support from the Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3).A PDF version of this book is available for free in Open Access at www.taylorfrancis.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Written by two of the most prominent leaders in particle physics, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Fields provides a classroom-tested introduction to the formal and conceptual foundations of quantum field theory. Designed for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level physics students, the text only requires previous courses in classical mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics.The introductory chapters of the book summarise the theory of special relativity and its application to the classical description of the motion of a free particle and a field. The authors then explain the quantum formulation of field theory through the simple example of a scalar field described by the Klein–Gordon equation as well as its extension to the case of spin ½ particles described by the Dirac equation. They also present the elements necessary for constructing the foundational theories of the standard model of electroweak interactions, namely quantum electrodynamics and the Fermi theory of neutron beta decay. Many applications to quantum electrodynamics and weak interaction processes are thoroughly analysed. The book also explores the timely topic of neutrino oscillations.Logically progressing from the fundamentals to recent discoveries, this textbook provides students with the essential foundation to study more advanced theoretical physics and elementary particle physics. It will help them understand the theory of electroweak interactions and gauge theories.View the second and third books in this collection: Electroweak Interactions and An Introduction to Gauge Theories.Key Features of the new edition:Besides a general revision of text and formulae, three new chapters have been added.· Chapter 17 introduces and discusses double beta decay processes with and without neutrino emission, the latter being the only process able to determine the Dirac or Majorana nature of the neutrino (discussed in Chapter 13). A discussion of the limits to the Majorana neutrino mass obtained recently in several underground laboratories is included.· Chapter 18 illustrates the calculation of the mass spectrum of “quarkonia” (mesons composed by a pair of heavy, charm or beauty quarks), in analogy with the positronium spectrum discussed in Chapter 12. This calculation has put into evidence the existence of “unexpected” states and has led to the new field of “exotic hadrons”, presently under active theoretical and experimental scrutiny.· Chapter 19 illustrates the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, extensively used in the computation of simple molecules, and its application to the physics of exotic hadrons containing a pair of heavy quarks, with application to the recently observed doubly charmed baryons.This eBook was published Open Access with funding support from the Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3).A PDF version of this book is available for free in Open Access at www.taylorfrancis.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Written by world-leading experts in particle physics, this new book from Luciano Maiani and Omar Benhar, with contributions from the late Nicola Cabibbo, is based on Feynman’s path integral formulation of quantum field theory. Key elements of gauge theories are described—Feynman diagrams, gauge-fixing, Faddeev-Popov ghosts—as well as renormalisation in Quantum Electrodynamics. Quarks and QCD interactions are introduced. Renormalisation group and high-momentum behaviour of the coupling constants are discussed in both QED and QCD, with asymptotic freedom derived at one-loop. These concepts are related to the Higgs boson mass and models of grand unification. The new edition has been updated throughout, with two new chapters presenting an outline of Lattice QCD field theory and the renormalisation group analysis of the prominent ΔI = 1/2 rule in kaon decay. The most recent Lattice QCD results on the light quark mass spectrum and on a quantitative justification of the ΔI = 1/2 rule are also discussed. The Chapter on the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon now includes an update on the Lattice QCD determination of the hadronic vacuum polarisation contribution, which turns out to be in good agreement with the most recent experimental determination of the muon g-2.Key Features:Contains renormalisation of QED with examples worked out in full detail alongside original derivations of Ward identitiesDiscusses applications including the calculation of the β functions of QED and QCD and the electro-weak muon anomalyExplores fundamental constants at very high energy to introduce to theories of grand unification, the unnaturalness of scalar fields and the motivations for new physics beyond the Standard Theory

Get First-Hand Insight from a Contributor to the Standard Model of Particle PhysicsWritten by an award-winning former director-general of CERN and one of the world’s leading experts on particle physics, Electroweak Interactions explores the concepts that led to unification of the weak and electromagnetic interactions. It provides the fundamental elements of the theory of compact Lie groups and their representations, enabling a basic understanding of the role of flavor symmetry in particle physics.Understand Conceptual Elements of the Theory of Elementary Particles The book begins with the identification of the weak hadronic current with the isotopic spin current, Yang–Mills theory, and the first electroweak theory of Glashow. It discusses spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry and a local symmetry, covering the Goldstone theorem, Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism, and the theory of Weinberg and Salam. The author then describes the theory of quarks, quark mixing, the Cabibbo angle, the Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani (GIM) mechanism, the theory of Kobayashi and Maskawa, six quark flavors, and CP violation.Delve into Experimental Tests and Unresolved Problems The author goes on to explore some phenomenological topics, such as neutral current interactions of neutrinos and CP violation in the neutral K-meson system. He also highlights how flavor-changing neutral current processes have emerged as probes to reveal the presence of new phenomena at energies not yet accessible with particle accelerators. The book concludes with an explanation of the expected properties of the Higgs boson and the methods adopted for its search. The predictions are also compared with relevant experimental results.View the author’s first book in this collection: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Fields.

Written by world-leading experts in particle physics, this new book from Luciano Maiani and Omar Benhar, with contributions from the late Nicola Cabibbo, is based on Feynman’s path integrals. Key elements of gauge theories are described—Feynman diagrams, gauge-fixing, Faddeev-Popov ghosts—as well as renormalization in Quantum Electrodynamics. Quarks and QCD interactions are introduced. Renormalization group and high momentum behaviour of the coupling constants is discussed in QED and QCD, with asymptotic freedom derived at one-loop. These concepts are related to the Higgs boson and models of grand unification."… an excellent introduction to the quantum theory of gauge fields and their applications to particle physics. … It will be an excellent book for the serious student and a good reference for the professional practitioner. Let me add that, scattered through the pages, we can find occasional traces of Nicola Cabibbo's style."—John Iliopoulos, CNRS-Ecole Normale Supérieure " … The volume ends with an illuminating description of the expectation generated by the recent discovery of the Higgs boson, combined with the lack of evidence for super-symmetric particles in the mass range 0.6-1 TeV."—Arturo Menchaca-Rocha, FinstP, Professor of Physics, Mexico’s National Autonomous University, Former President of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, Presidential Advisor "…The reader is masterfully guided through the subtleties of the quantum field theory and elementary particle physics from simple examples in Quantum Mechanics to salient details of modern theory."—Mikhail Voloshin, Professor of Physics, University of Minnesota

This open access book examines key aspects of international cooperation to enhance nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and nonproliferation, thereby assisting in development and maintenance of the verification regime and fostering progress toward a nuclear weapon-free world. Current challenges are discussed and attempts made to identify possible solutions and future improvements, considering scientific developments that have the potential to increase the effectiveness of implementation of international regimes, particularly in critical areas, technology foresight, and the ongoing evaluation of current capabilities.

This open access book examines key aspects of international cooperation to enhance nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and nonproliferation, thereby assisting in development and maintenance of the verification regime and fostering progress toward a nuclear weapon-free world. Current challenges are discussed and attempts made to identify possible solutions and future improvements, considering scientific developments that have the potential to increase the effectiveness of implementation of international regimes, particularly in critical areas, technology foresight, and the ongoing evaluation of current capabilities.

This open access book celebrates the contribution of Bruno Touschek to theoretical physics and particle colliders in Europe.

This open access book celebrates the contribution of Bruno Touschek to theoretical physics and particle colliders in Europe.

This open access book is based on the conference organised by Accademia dei Lincei and the US National Academy of Sciences and supported by the Italian Ministero degli Affari Esteri. It was attended by about 60 scientists and researchers from 13 countries, including, besides Europe, Iran, Israel, Iraq, Pakistan, India, Japan, Russian Federation and the USA. In an international scenario shaken by the uncertainties of the pandemic and the war between Russia and Ukraine, dialogue and scientific collaboration are confirmed to be precious tools to enhance nuclear safety, security and non-proliferation. The urgency to open peace discussions in Ukraine was emphasised by all participants, and the belief that science can make an essential contribution to peace construction was reaffirmed.Current challenges (some new, such as autonomous weapons and the use of artificial intelligence for war purposes) are discussed and attempts made to identify possible solutions and future improvements, including in the field of sustainable energy development.

This open access book is based on the conference organised by Accademia dei Lincei and the US National Academy of Sciences and supported by the Italian Ministero degli Affari Esteri. It was attended by about 60 scientists and researchers from 13 countries, including, besides Europe, Iran, Israel, Iraq, Pakistan, India, Japan, Russian Federation and the USA. In an international scenario shaken by the uncertainties of the pandemic and the war between Russia and Ukraine, dialogue and scientific collaboration are confirmed to be precious tools to enhance nuclear safety, security and non-proliferation. The urgency to open peace discussions in Ukraine was emphasised by all participants, and the belief that science can make an essential contribution to peace construction was reaffirmed.Current challenges (some new, such as autonomous weapons and the use of artificial intelligence for war purposes) are discussed and attempts made to identify possible solutions and future improvements, including in the field of sustainable energy development.

This open access book brings together the texts of the talks presented at the XXIII Amaldi Conference, organized by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Italy), the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the Pugwash Organization, and held in Rome from October 28 to 30, 2024.The main focus was on the risk of potential nuclear conflicts arising from the current international situation, particularly due to the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East. It also analyzed the possible consequences of both local and global nuclear conflicts. Additionally, discussions addressed the role of the scientific community in facilitating the resumption of international dialogue on nuclear disarmament, especially in the East Asian context.Other topics covered included the impact of artificial intelligence and space technology on modern conflicts, as well as prospects for large-scale energy production from nuclear fission and fusion. The chapters are written by experts from various disciplines, representing universities, international organizations, and governments from Europe, the United States, the Middle East, China, and Japan.

This book, comprising contributions presented at the XIX Edoardo Amaldi Conference, examines important aspects of international cooperation aimed at enhancing nuclear safety, security, safeguards (the “3S”), and non-proliferation, thereby assisting in the development and maintenance of the verification regime and progress toward a nuclear weapon-free world. The Conference served as a forum where eminent scientists, diplomats, and policymakers could compare national perspectives and update international collaborations. The book opens by addressing the political, institutional, and legal dimensions of the 3S and non-proliferation; current challenges are discussed and attempts made to identify possible solutions and future improvements. Subsequent sections consider scientific developments that can contribute to increased effectiveness in the implementation of international regimes, particularly in critical areas, technology foresight, and the ongoing evaluation of current capabilities.The closing sections discuss scientific and technical challenges to the effective implementation of the 3S approach and the role of international cooperation and scientific community actions in leading the world toward peace and security.

This book, comprising contributions presented at the XIX Edoardo Amaldi Conference, examines important aspects of international cooperation aimed at enhancing nuclear safety, security, safeguards (the “3S”), and non-proliferation, thereby assisting in the development and maintenance of the verification regime and progress toward a nuclear weapon-free world. The Conference served as a forum where eminent scientists, diplomats, and policymakers could compare national perspectives and update international collaborations. The book opens by addressing the political, institutional, and legal dimensions of the 3S and non-proliferation; current challenges are discussed and attempts made to identify possible solutions and future improvements. Subsequent sections consider scientific developments that can contribute to increased effectiveness in the implementation of international regimes, particularly in critical areas, technology foresight, and the ongoing evaluation of current capabilities.The closing sections discuss scientific and technical challenges to the effective implementation of the 3S approach and the role of international cooperation and scientific community actions in leading the world toward peace and security.

The discoveries of neutral currents and of the W and Z bosons marked a watershed in the history of CERN. They established the validity of the electroweak theory and convinced physicists of the importance of renormalizable non-Abelian gauge theories of fundamental interactions. The articles collected in this book have been written by distinguished physicists who contributed in a crucial way to these developments. The book provides a historical account of those discoveries and of the construction and testing of the Standard Model. It also contains a discussion of the future of particle physics and gives an updated status of the LHC and its detectors currently being built at CERN. The book addresses those readers interested in particle physics including the educated public.

The discoveries of neutral currents and of the W and Z bosons marked a watershed in the history of CERN. They established the validity of the electroweak theory and convinced the physicists of the importance of renormalizable non-Abelian gauge theories of the fundamental interactions. The articles collected in this book have been written by distinguished physicists who contributed in a crucial way to these developments. The book is a historical account of those discoveries and of the construction and the testing of the standard model. It also reports on the future of particle physics and provides an updated status report on the LHC and its detectors being currently built at CERN. The book addresses readers interested in particle physics including the educated public.

This open access book examines key aspects of international cooperation to enhance nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and non-proliferation, thereby assisting in development and maintenance of the verification regime and fostering progress toward a nuclear weapon-free world.

This open access book examines key aspects of international cooperation to enhance nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and non-proliferation, thereby assisting in development and maintenance of the verification regime and fostering progress toward a nuclear weapon-free world.

In 1967 a group of physicists from the University of Bologna, led by A Zichichi, published a proposal to search for a heavy lepton using the Frascati (e+e-) collider. The proposal, whose key pages are reproduced in this book on the 30th anniversary of the publication, was the consequence of many years of work started at CERN, where, in addition to the original idea of searching for a heavy lepton carrying its own leptonic number, new technologies were invented to allow the detection of a signal whose identification against the high background of hadronic processes was extremely difficult.More than ten years of work by A Zichichi, together with his students and his collaborators, have paved the way for the discovery of the Third Family of fundamental particles. In this authoritative volume, a group of eminent physicists unequivocally establishes the origin of the Third Family of the basic constituents of matter.

"The editors make a good point in claiming the time has come to upgrade the Standard Model into the ‘Standard Theory’ of particle physics, and I think this book deserves a place in the bookshelves of a broad community, from the scientists and engineers who contributed to the progress of high-energy physics to younger physicists, eager to learn and enjoy the corresponding inside stories."Carlos LourençoCERN CourierThe book gives a quite complete and up-to-date picture of the Standard Theory with an historical perspective, with a collection of articles written by some of the protagonists of present particle physics. The theoretical developments are described together with the most up-to-date experimental tests, including the discovery of the Higgs Boson and the measurement of its mass as well as the most precise measurements of the top mass, giving the reader a complete description of our present understanding of particle physics.

This work summarises the salient features of current and planned experiments into multiquark hadrons, describing various inroads to accommodate them within a theoretical framework. At a pedagogical level, authors review the salient aspects of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions, which has been brought to the fore by high-energy physics experiments over recent decades. Compact diquarks as building blocks of a new spectroscopy are presented and confronted with alternative explanations of the XYZ resonances. Ways to distinguish among theoretical alternatives are illustrated, to be tested with the help of high luminosity LHC, electron-positron colliders, and the proposed Tera-Z colliders. Non-perturbative treatments of multiquark hadrons, such as large N expansion, lattice QCD simulations, and predictions about doubly heavy multiquarks are reviewed in considerable detail. With a broad appeal across high-energy physics, this work is pertinent to researchers focused on experiments, phenomenology or lattice QCD.