M Alexandra . Columbus – författare

Advances in Psychology Research. Volume 139 opens with a review on the application of one version of social learning theory, expectancy theory, to dysfunctional human behavior. The expectancy theory is examined, explaining how individuals tend to choose behaviors for which they expect rewards or reinforcement and avoid behaviors from which they anticipate punishment. A study is presented which demonstrates that heavy media-multitaskers have more efficient task-switching skills and process emotional information differently than light media multitaskers. Following this, to investigate the issues leading parents and children aged 3-7 years to argumentative discussions during mealtimes, a data corpus of 30 video-recorded meals of 10 middle to upper-middle-class Swiss and Italian families with a high socio-cultural level is examined. The pertinent covariates that are considered to predict the abstinence of substance addict rehabilitants are investigated and compared longitudinally. These covariates include: pro-abstinent self-efficacy, psychological distress, and pro-abstinent social networks. The authors discuss different trajectories of panic, including when panic attacks develop into panic disorder. Proposed mechanisms underlying these developmental pathways are discussed, including anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and intolerance of uncertainty. Next, overview of the empirical and theoretical foundations of inhibitory learning is provided. The authors also discuss the clinical implications of inhibitory learning theory and review clinical research examining techniques based on inhibitory learning. The current literature regarding intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorders is reviewed in the context of their effectiveness relative to standard delivery formats. This is followed by addressing how intensive treatments uniquely address common barriers to accessing care. This compilation also reviews the results of a complex survey that included the following diagnoses: non-communicable diseases and psychiatric disorders, measurement of intellectual faculties; and interviews regarding people’s personal histories and the causes of homelessness in 114 homeless people living in Nagoya city, Japan. The authors describe research-supported ways to promote housing and community integration, as well as research on stigma toward homelessness, including more recent findings that stigma toward homelessness may be decreasing. In the closing study, students wrote their obituaries as part of an in-class project for the death and dying chapter of an aging and adulthood class.

Using cognitive processing and crosslinguistic perspectives, the opening chapter of this book considers the characteristics and needs of Anglophone-struggling readers; teachers’ needs in supporting their instruction; and how ongoing Reading Wars divisiveness about word-reading creates the need for research to establish the differing skills and instructional needs of high-progress and low-progress readers. Next, the authors provide an overview of existing literature on the antecedents of peace choices and attitudes to evaluate the peace choice with reference to both top-down and bottom-up cognitive processes. The conclusions are discussed in the light of peace education choices related to both controlled and automatic processes. This collection goes on to analyse factors that affect group decision-making efficiency. The results are discussed assuming the bifurcation parameter as an operative measure of group efficiency and relaying them to the multidimensional theory. The penultimate chapter presents a review of a research program aimed at examining the role that the need for cognitive closure, a motivational tendency to reduce uncertainty, confusion, and ambiguity, plays in multitasking performance, preference, and behavior. The concluding chapter focuses on how, when the forged alliance between client and therapist falls in the gray area, the client can be fully protected and served more so than had the alliance not been considered or rejected out of excess caution.