M. Hayakawa – författare

The design and development of electrical devices involves choosing from many possible variants that which is the best or optimum according to one or several criteria. These optimization criteria are usually already clear to the designer at the statement of the design problem. The methods of optimization considered in this book, allow us to sort out variants of the realization of a design on the basis of these criteria and to create the best device in the sense of the set criteria. Optimization of devices is one of the major problems in electrical engi­ neering that is related to an extensive class of inverse problems including synthesis, diagnostics, fault detection, identification, and some others with common mathematical properties. When designing a device, the engineer ac­ tually solves inverse problems by defining the device structure and its pa­ rameters, and then proceeds to deal with the technical specifications followed by the incorporation of his own notions of the best device. Frequently the so­ lutions obtained are based on intuition and previous experience. New meth­ ods and approaches discussed in this book will add mathematical rigor to these intuitive notions. By virtue of their urgency inverse problems have been investigated for more than a century. However, general methods for their solution have been developed only recently. An analysis of the scientific literature indicates a steadily growing interest among scientists and engineers in these problems.

This work on electromagnetic resonance phenomena describes a general approach to physical problems, ways to solve them, and properties of the solutions obtained. Attention is given to the discussion and interpretation of formal and experimental data and its links to global atmospheric conditions such as the dynamics of global thunderstorm activity, variations of the effective height of the lower ionosphere, and so forth. Schumann resonance is related to worldwide thunderstorm activity, and simultaneously, to global properties of the lower ionosphere. Transverse resonance is predominantly a local phenomenon containing information on the local height and conductivity of the lower ionosphere and on nearby thunderstorm activity. Transient events in ELF-VLF radio propagation are also treated. These are natural pulsed radio signals and/or abrupt changes of manmade VLF radio signals. The transients associated with cloud-to-ionosphere discharges (red sprites, blue jets, trolls) are discussed, and clarification of the underlying physical ideas and their practical applications to pioneer results achieved in the field recently are emphasised.

The design and development of electrical devices involves choosing from many possible variants that which is the best or optimum according to one or several criteria. These optimization criteria are usually already clear to the designer at the statement of the design problem. The methods of optimization considered in this book, allow us to sort out variants of the realization of a design on the basis of these criteria and to create the best device in the sense of the set criteria. Optimization of devices is one of the major problems in electrical engi­ neering that is related to an extensive class of inverse problems including synthesis, diagnostics, fault detection, identification, and some others with common mathematical properties. When designing a device, the engineer ac­ tually solves inverse problems by defining the device structure and its pa­ rameters, and then proceeds to deal with the technical specifications followed by the incorporation of his own notions of the best device. Frequently the so­ lutions obtained are based on intuition and previous experience. New meth­ ods and approaches discussed in this book will add mathematical rigor to these intuitive notions. By virtue of their urgency inverse problems have been investigated for more than a century. However, general methods for their solution have been developed only recently. An analysis of the scientific literature indicates a steadily growing interest among scientists and engineers in these problems.