M. Misono – författare

The production of useful materials and the removal of polluting substances are fundamental to chemical technology, and in this respect catalytic and separation processes play essential roles. In order to cope with increasing demands to find solutions for the shortage of natural resources and global environmental pollution, rapid and significant progress in the technology is required.This book results from the successful seminar on Selective Reactions and Separation, held at Oiso, Japan, in February 1988. The seminar was organised by ASPRONC (the Association for the Progress of New Chemistry) as the fourth in a series of seminars on Frontier Technology. ASPRONC was inaugurated in 1986 and its membership comprises major companies in the chemical industry and various other sectors interested in chemistry. The aim of this seminar was to explore the frontiers of catalytic and separation technology and to discuss the requirements for its future development. The many interesting lectures and active discussions which resulted stimulated the editors to prepare this book. Each lecturer has written a chapter which represents a significantly revised and extended version of his original lecture.The book will appeal to many readers and will undoubtedly help to make a positive contribution to the future development of chemical technology.

Solid acid catalysts are already being used in various processes in petroleum refining and are presently being studied intensively in both academic and applied fields for usage in a variety of reactions. Solid base catalysts are also gaining increasing recognition as potential catalysts. Both acidic and basic catalysts are promising not only with respect to acid and base-catalyzed reactions but also in materials sciences, such as the production of adsorbents, sensors, ceramics, etc.The present volume presents the text of 21 invited oral presentations and 58 poster presentations. The material covers a wide range of aspects on acid-base catalysis, from quantum chemistry to industrialized processes.

This volume summarises and reviews the enormous progress made over the past two decades in solid acids and bases, with emphasis on fundamental aspects and chemical principles. In recent years many new kinds of solid acids and bases have been found and synthesized. The surface properties (in particular, acidic and basic properties) and the structures of the new solids have been clarified by newly developed measurement methods using modern instruments and techniques. The characterized solid acids and bases have been applied as catalysts for diversified reactions, many good correlations being obtained between the acid-base properties and the catalytic activities or selectivities. Recently, acid-base bifunctional catalysis on solid surfaces is becoming a more and more important and intriguing field of study.It has been recognized that the acidic and basic properties of catalysts and catalyst supports play an important role in oxidation, reduction, hydrogenation, hydrocracking, etc. The effect of the preparation method and the pretreatment conditions of solid acids and bases on the acidic and basic properties, the nature of acidic and basic sites and the mechanism regarding the generation of acidity and basicity have been elucidated experimentally and theoretically. On the basis of the accumulated knowledge of solid acids and bases, it is now possible to design and develop highly active and selective solid acid and base catalysts for particular reactions. The chemistry of solid acids and bases is now being related to and utilized in numerous areas including adsorbents, sensors, cosmetics, fuel cells, sensitized pressed papers, and others. The information presented in this book will therefore be of interest to a wide-ranging readership.

Mixed oxides are the most widely used catalyst materials for industrial catalytic processes. The principal objective of this book is to describe systematically the mixed oxide catalysts, from their fundamentals through their practical applications. After describing concisely general items concerning mixed oxide and mixed oxide catalysts, two important mixed oxide catalyst materials, namely, heteropolyacids and perovskites, are taken as typical examples and discussed in detail.

These two materials have several advantages: 1. They are, respectively, typical examples of salts of oxoacids and double oxide, that is, the two main categories of mixed oxides in solid state chemistry. 2. Both exhibit excellent catalytic performance in nearly crystalline state and are used in several industrial applications. 3. They have studied for many years.

In addition, metal oxides functioning as a catalyst support (carrier) are included. Although the supports are very important in practical applications, and tremendous progress has been made in the past decades, few systematic reviews exist. It is notable that heteropolyacids and perovskite exhibit unique performance when used as a support.

Fundamental catalytic science and technology and solid state chemistry necessary is presented for the proper understanding of mixed oxide catalysts as well as for R&D. For the latter, the concept of design of practical catalysts is very important. This is considered throughout the book.

Systematically describes design principles of mixed oxide catalysts Shows how catalysis and solid-state chemistry of metal oxides are inter-related Covers all useful basic concepts of mixed oxide catalysis