Instrumentation, control and automation (ICA) in wastewater treatment systems is now an established and recognised area of technology in the profession. There are obvious incentives for ICA, not the least from an economic point of view. Plants are also becoming increasingly complex which necessitates automation and control. Instrumentation, Control and Automation in Wastewater Systems summarizes the state-of-the-art of ICA and its application in wastewater treatment systems and focuses on how leading-edge technology is used for better operation. The book is written for: The practising process engineer and the operator, who wishes to get an updated picture of what is possible to implement in terms of ICA;      The process designer, who needs to consider the couplings between design and operation;      The researcher or the student, who wishes to get the latest technological overview of an increasingly complex field. There is a clear aim to present a practical ICA approach, based on a technical and economic platform. The economic benefit of different control and operation possibilities is quantified. The more qualitative benefits, such as better process understanding and more challenging work for the operator are also described. Several full-scale experiences of how ICA has improved economy, ease of operation and robustness of plant operation are presented. The book emphasizes both unit process control and plant wide operation.   Scientific & Technical Report No. 15

The current climate of fiscal austerity poses significant challenges for the health of populations across Europe, and deteriorating social conditions make some groups of individuals especially vulnerable to illness and have the potential to exacerbate existing inequalities in health and in access to healthcare. These challenges are occurring alongside other significant trends: the health system reforms, which are shifting the emphasis of healthcare from public provision towards a public/private mix, the integration of health and social services, nudging as a new approach to health promotion, the redefinition of the service user as a consumer, a growing emphasis on individual responsibility for health and lifestyles and on biological citizenship, the pharmaceuticalisation of everyday life and the increasing deterioration in the mental health of people in contemporary societies. The work of healthcare professionals is also undergoing significant changes, as their work comes under increased surveillance and monitoring, raising implications for the relations with patients, for the kind of care that is provided, and for the experience of patients. In different ways, and based on different cases, this book deals with challenges for health and healthcare in a European context now and in the future. This includes challenges on an individual level, such as individual views and behaviour, and on a societal level, such as inequality. The book applies to students, researchers, healthcare professionals and decision makers within health and healthcare in a national or international context.

Instrumentation, control and automation (ICA) in wastewater treatment systems is now an established and recognised area of technology in the profession. There are obvious incentives for ICA, not the least from an economic point of view. Plants are also becoming increasingly complex which necessitates automation and control. Instrumentation, Control and Automation in Wastewater Systems summarizes the state-of-the-art of ICA and its application in wastewater treatment systems and focuses on how leading-edge technology is used for better operation. The book is written for: The practising process engineer and the operator, who wishes to get an updated picture of what is possible to implement in terms of ICA;      The process designer, who needs to consider the couplings between design and operation;      The researcher or the student, who wishes to get the latest technological overview of an increasingly complex field. There is a clear aim to present a practical ICA approach, based on a technical and economic platform. The economic benefit of different control and operation possibilities is quantified. The more qualitative benefits, such as better process understanding and more challenging work for the operator are also described. Several full-scale experiences of how ICA has improved economy, ease of operation and robustness of plant operation are presented. The book emphasizes both unit process control and plant wide operation.   Scientific & Technical Report No. 15

The current climate of fiscal austerity poses significant challenges for the health of populations across Europe, and deteriorating social conditions make some groups of individuals especially vulnerable to illness and have the potential to exacerbate existing inequalities in health and in access to healthcare. These challenges are occurring alongside other significant trends: the health system reforms, which are shifting the emphasis of healthcare from public provision towards a public/private mix, the integration of health and social services, nudging as a new approach to health promotion, the redefinition of the service user as a consumer, a growing emphasis on individual responsibility for health and lifestyles and on biological citizenship, the pharmaceuticalisation of everyday life and the increasing deterioration in the mental health of people in contemporary societies. The work of healthcare professionals is also undergoing significant changes, as their work comes under increased surveillance and monitoring, raising implications for the relations with patients, for the kind of care that is provided, and for the experience of patients. In different ways, and based on different cases, this book deals with challenges for health and healthcare in a European context now and in the future. This includes challenges on an individual level, such as individual views and behaviour, and on a societal level, such as inequality. The book applies to students, researchers, healthcare professionals and decision makers within health and healthcare in a national or international context.