Microbiology is the study of micro-organisms, or microbes, a diverse group of generally minute, simple | life-forms that include bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa and viruses. The field is concerned with the || structure, function and classification of such organisms and with ways of both exploiting and controlling ( their activities. This is the collections of many science viz. Botany, Zoology, Genetics, Environmental science, biotechnology, etc. Microbiology deals with all these field and applied all of its application. Daily life is inter-woven inextricably with micro-organisms. In addition to populating both the inner and, I outer surfaces of the human body, microbes abound in the soil, in the seas and in the air. Abundant, although usually unnoticed, micro-organisms provide ample evidence of their presepce-sometimes unfavourably, as when they cause decay of materials or spread diseases and sometimes favourably, as I when they ferment sugar to wine and beer, cause bread to rise, flavour cheeses, and produce valued products, such as antibiotics and insulin. Micro-organisms are of incalculable value to Earth''s ecology, disintegrating animal and plant remains and converting them to simpler substances that can be recycled in other organisms. This book covers the basics of microbiology, starting with a brief history of microbiology and the impact microbes have had on humans. The text covers the application of genetics in Microbiology research, microbial metabolism to provide a background on the function of microbes before delving into their role in diseases and human health. The book discussed about the Phototrophs, lithotroph, chemotroph, and autotroph. Also, the various cycle viz. Carbon, and Nitrogen cycle is described in various steps: denitrification, nitrification and nitrogen fixation. Stages of Nitrogen fixation is being discussed in details. This book dealt with microbial classification, Industrial and Biotechnological application. The book aim to educate the graduates with the basic knowledge of micro-organism starting from the structure of Bacteria, Virus and Fungi with clears figures and pictures and ending with their application in various field. This book will be helpful for the students pursuing graduates and also preparingthemselvesforthe various competitive examination.
