Martin Kappas – författare

This volume is a compilation of studies on interactions of changes in land cover, land use and climate with people, societies and ecosystems in drylands of Greater Central Asia. It explores the effects of collapse of socialist governance and management systems on land use in various parts of Central Asia, including former Soviet Union republics, Mongolia and northern drylands of China. Often, regional land-atmosphere feedbacks may have large global importance. Remote sensing is a primary tool in studying vast dryland territories where in situ observations are sporadic. State-of-the-art methods of satellite remote sensing combined with GIS and models are used to tackle science questions and provide an outlook of current changes at land surface and potential scenarios for the future. In 10 chapters, contributing authors cover topics such as water resources, effects of institutional changes on urban centers and agriculture, landscape dynamics, and the primary drivers of environmental changes in dryland environment. Satellite observations that have accumulated during the last five decades provide a rich time series of the dynamic land surface, enabling systematic analysis of changes in land cover and land use from space. The book is a truly international effort by a team of scientists from the U.S., Europe and Central Asia. It is directed at the broad science community including graduate students, academics and other professionals at all levels within natural and social sciences. In particular, it will appeal to geographers, environmental and social scientists, economists, agricultural scientists, and remote sensing specialists.

This volume is a compilation of studies on interactions of changes in land cover, land use and climate with people, societies and ecosystems in drylands of Greater Central Asia. It explores the effects of collapse of socialist governance and management systems on land use in various parts of Central Asia, including former Soviet Union republics, Mongolia and northern drylands of China. Often, regional land-atmosphere feedbacks may have large global importance. Remote sensing is a primary tool in studying vast dryland territories where in situ observations are sporadic. State-of-the-art methods of satellite remote sensing combined with GIS and models are used to tackle science questions and provide an outlook of current changes at land surface and potential scenarios for the future. In 10 chapters, contributing authors cover topics such as water resources, effects of institutional changes on urban centers and agriculture, landscape dynamics, and the primary drivers of environmental changes in dryland environment. Satellite observations that have accumulated during the last five decades provide a rich time series of the dynamic land surface, enabling systematic analysis of changes in land cover and land use from space. The book is a truly international effort by a team of scientists from the U.S., Europe and Central Asia. It is directed at the broad science community including graduate students, academics and other professionals at all levels within natural and social sciences. In particular, it will appeal to geographers, environmental and social scientists, economists, agricultural scientists, and remote sensing specialists.

This volume of Managing Forest Ecosystems addresses the urgent challenge of managing temperate forests under accelerating climate change. It adopts a comparative, transhemispheric perspective by examining forest ecosystems in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, with a particular focus on the trans-Andean gradient in Northern Patagonian Nothofagus forests and Central European Fagus (beech) forests.Through an interdisciplinary and evidence-based approach, the volume examines ecological adaptations, species responses, and disturbance dynamics under accelerating global change. It emphasizes strategies for climate-adapted forestry, the integration of ecological and technological knowledge, and the importance of long-term monitoring and international collaboration.By linking scientific insights with global policy frameworks such as the UN 2030 Agenda and the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, this book offers a foundation for nature-based solutions and knowledge transfer. It is an essential resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in forestry, ecology, and environmental sciences, as well as graduate students seeking a comprehensive understanding of climate-adapted forest management.

This book explores utilization of digital twin technology and geospatial science for the digital transformation of urban planning, environmental monitoring, infrastructure, and disaster response using a series of present tools of data collection and applications. It covers transformational impact of digital twins, from their origin to their real-time applications in various domains. It presents real-time case studies focusing on real-world outcomes while addressing the potential risks. It also covers challenging issues related to geospatial twin technology and its solutions to handle relevant challenges. This book comprises several chapters that provide an overview of basic concepts from historical background and architecture twin technology with geospatial data, highlighting its capabilities for modeling, simulation, and optimizing complex systems. It also investigates the technical and ethical barriers to the widespread adoption of digital twin technology in geospatial science. It is a valuable source for students, engineers, professionals, researchers as well as organizations.

Drylands in East Asia (DEA) are home to more than one billion people with an environment vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic changes. One of the critical needs in the region is to fully understand how dryland ecosystems respond to the changing climate and human activities in order to develop strategies to cope with continued climate change. This book provides state-of-the-art knowledge and information on drylands ecosystem dynamics, changing climate, society, and land use in the region. In addition to the synthesis of the existing research and knowledge of DEA, the book provides a role model for regional ecological assessment. With a wide spectrum of contributions from experts around the globe, the book should be of interest to researchers and students both internationally and in East Asia. Lessons learned from this synthesis effort in DEA should be useful for developing climate adaptation strategies for other similar regions around the globe.

Klimaforschung – Einführung in eine „Mega-Science"Die zweite Auflage des Lehrbuchs zur Einführung in die Klimatologie greift die Entwicklung als globale "Erd-Systemwissenschaft" auf. Sie ist hoch interdisziplinär, extrem problemgetrieben und zunehmend in internationale Zusammenhänge eingebettet. Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen verbinden sich hier mit gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen und Grundlagenforschung mit politischen Rahmensetzungen.Das Werk besteht aus drei miteinander vernetzten Teilen:I: Klimatologie als WissenschaftII: Klimawandel und Global ChangeIII: Wechselwirkungen: Klima – Mensch, Gesellschaft und PolitikDieses Buch liefert neue Einsichten zu Zusammenhängen im Bereich Erdsystemforschung und stellt das Konzept des „Anthropozäns“ vor, welches die Anerkennung einer radikal veränderten Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehung in den Vordergrund gerückt hat. Der Fokus der Neuauflage liegt auf den Verbindungen zwischen verschiedenen sozialen und ökologischen Prozessen und greift dabei auf die aktuellen Reports des IPCC zurück. Es ermöglicht Lesern Wissen über die ökologischen und menschlichen Aspekte des globalen Wandels aufzubauen und Lösungen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung zu finden.Anders als bisherige Lehrbücher der Klimatologie geht das Werk sehr ausführlich auf das hoch aktuelle Themenfeld "Global Change" ein und verdeutlicht die gesellschaftliche Relevanz der Klimaforschung. Zahlreiche Abbildungen zeigen komplexe Klimaphänomene, aber auch internationale Forschungsnetzwerke und politische Strukturen auf.Dieses Buch sticht durch seinen interdisziplinären Ansatz hervor und wird insbesondere Forscher ansprechen, die sich für Themen im Bereich Globaler Umweltwandel interessieren. Es eröffnet neue Perspektiven auf die Zusammenhänge von Klima, Ozean, Waldbedeckung und Landnutzung sowie die Veränderung dieser Bereiche im Erdsystem. Leser gewinnen einen Überblick über die komplexen Forschungsstrukturen (Future Earth) und das Weltklimaprogramm.

This book focuses primarily on the advantages and implications of sustainable bioenergy production in terms of ensuring a more sustainable world despite its growing energy demands. It addresses a new concept that focuses on the interactions between different uses of agricultural land (for example, agriculture for food, forage or energy and nature conservation) and their ecological, economic and societal impacts. This research concept provides new insights into the competition for resources and the synergies between different land uses. This book seeks to improve people’s understanding of bioenergy’s potentials for the future. It will be of interest not only to those involved in sustainable energy, but also to environmental planners, agriculture and soil specialists, and environmental policy-makers.

This book focuses primarily on the advantages and implications of sustainable bioenergy production in terms of ensuring a more sustainable world despite its growing energy demands. It addresses a new concept that focuses on the interactions between different uses of agricultural land (for example, agriculture for food, forage or energy and nature conservation) and their ecological, economic and societal impacts. This research concept provides new insights into the competition for resources and the synergies between different land uses. This book seeks to improve people’s understanding of bioenergy’s potentials for the future. It will be of interest not only to those involved in sustainable energy, but also to environmental planners, agriculture and soil specialists, and environmental policy-makers.

The book introduces a variety of latest techniques designed to represent, enhance, and empower multi-disciplinary approaches of geographic information system (GIS), artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), machine learning, and cloud computing research in healthcare.