Although far less familiar than democracy, oligarchic theories and practices persisted in the ancient Greek world from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. This book uses four criteria to identify oligarchic regimes or situations: the number of participants, wealth, institutions and the use of violence. In addition, it is driven by a recurring question: how to consider together periods in which the vocabulary of oligarchia is attested (from the fifth to the third century BCE) and those in which it is not yet present (the Archaic period) or has (gradually) disappeared (the end of the Hellenistic period). The answers provided in this series of nineteen essays, which cover a wide geographical area beyond classical Athens and its oligarchic coups, reflect the vibrancy of current debates and aim to shed light on the contemporary resurgence of oligarchies.

Although far less familiar than democracy, oligarchic theories and practices persisted in the ancient Greek world from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. This book uses four criteria to identify oligarchic regimes or situations: the number of participants, wealth, institutions and the use of violence. In addition, it is driven by a recurring question: how to consider together periods in which the vocabulary of oligarchia is attested (from the fifth to the third century BCE) and those in which it is not yet present (the Archaic period) or has (gradually) disappeared (the end of the Hellenistic period). The answers provided in this series of nineteen essays, which cover a wide geographical area beyond classical Athens and its oligarchic coups, reflect the vibrancy of current debates and aim to shed light on the contemporary resurgence of oligarchies.

Since Bouthoul''s seminal work on polemology (1951), war studies have been increasingly influenced by sociology, psychology and psychoanalysis, memory studies, and even literary theory; while also weathering the storms of the cultural turn and, more generally, postmodernism. These are challenges that raised new questions, or offered new answers. How is war memorialized and commemorated? How do individuals react to war trauma? How are individual reactions and narratives implemented in collective thoughts, narratives and memories? How do societies remember wars, and how do these memories, in turn, affect political structures? How are public commemorations organized? These are some of the questions contemporary war studies are still engaged in. By presenting case studies both ancient and modern, from the ancient Greeks and Romans through medieval and modern times to contemporary history, this volume stimulates reflection on how and why individuals and societies remember and commemorate war.

Although far less familiar than democracy, oligarchic theories and practices persisted in the ancient Greek world from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. This book uses four criteria to identify oligarchic regimes or situations: the number of participants, wealth, institutions and the use of violence. In addition, it is driven by a recurring question: how to consider together periods in which the vocabulary of oligarchia is attested (from the fifth to the third century BCE) and those in which it is not yet present (the Archaic period) or has (gradually) disappeared (the end of the Hellenistic period). The answers provided in this series of nineteen essays, which cover a wide geographical area beyond classical Athens and its oligarchic coups, reflect the vibrancy of current debates and aim to shed light on the contemporary resurgence of oligarchies.

Although far less familiar than democracy, oligarchic theories and practices persisted in the ancient Greek world from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. This book uses four criteria to identify oligarchic regimes or situations: the number of participants, wealth, institutions and the use of violence. In addition, it is driven by a recurring question: how to consider together periods in which the vocabulary of oligarchia is attested (from the fifth to the third century BCE) and those in which it is not yet present (the Archaic period) or has (gradually) disappeared (the end of the Hellenistic period). The answers provided in this series of nineteen essays, which cover a wide geographical area beyond classical Athens and its oligarchic coups, reflect the vibrancy of current debates and aim to shed light on the contemporary resurgence of oligarchies.

Since Bouthoul''s seminal work on polemology (1951), war studies have been increasingly influenced by sociology, psychology and psychoanalysis, memory studies, and even literary theory; while also weathering the storms of the cultural turn and, more generally, postmodernism. These are challenges that raised new questions, or offered new answers. How is war memorialized and commemorated? How do individuals react to war trauma? How are individual reactions and narratives implemented in collective thoughts, narratives and memories? How do societies remember wars, and how do these memories, in turn, affect political structures? How are public commemorations organized? These are some of the questions contemporary war studies are still engaged in. By presenting case studies both ancient and modern, from the ancient Greeks and Romans through medieval and modern times to contemporary history, this volume stimulates reflection on how and why individuals and societies remember and commemorate war.