Blockchain technology is poised to revolutionize more than just payment and crypto-currency. Many vertical industries will be reshaped by the new trusted data models enabled and inspired by the blockchain – healthcare is no exception. In fact, healthcare may hold the greatest opportunities for meaningful use of the technology. Early pioneers have explored some of the first use cases for medical payments, electronic health records, HIPAA/data privacy, drug counterfeiting, and credentialing of healthcare professionals. We have only begun to scratch the surface in how to automate the complexities of today’s healthcare systems and design new systems which focus on trust, transparency and the alignment of incentives.Metcalf, Bass, Dhillon, and Hooper have curated a collection of examples based on the fundamentals of blockchain that build upon the early successes and examples that point to the future. After a brief introduction to bitcoin, blockchain and the protocols available, a getting-started guide is presented specific to health and healthcare. The authors discuss the complexities and possibilities of smart contracts and some of the early consortia that are exploring the possibilities. Examples and use cases are found throughout the book, with specific sections that cover the more sophisticated and far-reaching examples which have the potential to scale at the industry-level. In addition, a discussion of integrating blockchain technology into other advanced healthcare trends and IT systems – such as telemedicine, artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of Things, value-based payments , patient engagement solutions, big data solutions, medical tourism, and precision medicine/genetic therapies among many others are presented. The final section provides a glimpse into the future using blockchain technology and examples of research projects that are still in labs across the globe. The appendices may prove particularly useful for additional details on how to get started, including resources and organizations specifically focusing on blockchain and distributed ledger solutions.

Blockchain technology is poised to revolutionize more than just payment and crypto-currency. Many vertical industries will be reshaped by the new trusted data models enabled and inspired by the blockchain – healthcare is no exception. In fact, healthcare may hold the greatest opportunities for meaningful use of the technology. Early pioneers have explored some of the first use cases for medical payments, electronic health records, HIPAA/data privacy, drug counterfeiting, and credentialing of healthcare professionals. We have only begun to scratch the surface in how to automate the complexities of today’s healthcare systems and design new systems which focus on trust, transparency and the alignment of incentives.Metcalf, Bass, Dhillon, and Hooper have curated a collection of examples based on the fundamentals of blockchain that build upon the early successes and examples that point to the future. After a brief introduction to bitcoin, blockchain and the protocols available, a getting-started guide is presented specific to health and healthcare. The authors discuss the complexities and possibilities of smart contracts and some of the early consortia that are exploring the possibilities. Examples and use cases are found throughout the book, with specific sections that cover the more sophisticated and far-reaching examples which have the potential to scale at the industry-level. In addition, a discussion of integrating blockchain technology into other advanced healthcare trends and IT systems – such as telemedicine, artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of Things, value-based payments , patient engagement solutions, big data solutions, medical tourism, and precision medicine/genetic therapies among many others are presented. The final section provides a glimpse into the future using blockchain technology and examples of research projects that are still in labs across the globe. The appendices may prove particularly useful for additional details on how to get started, including resources and organizations specifically focusing on blockchain and distributed ledger solutions.

Join us in the beginning of a conversation and what we hope will be a community dedicated to leveraging some of the latest technologies for a next generation of infrastructure. After decades of building enterprise systems, a fundamental change is occurring because of AI, Blockchain, and next-generation Cybersecurity (ABC). This is poised to affect many industries and areas of society, not least of which is healthcare. We are excited to join like-minded colleagues who have agreed to share their expertise and examples in the early days of integrating these technologies into a unified architecture that can meet operational goals. In the case of healthcare, can artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cybersecurity technologies lead to better, faster, and cheaper healthcare and ease the burden on healthcare providers? This may extend to the whole health ecosystem, not just providers and the hospitals and systems, but also to the insurers and payers, and of course the patients or health consumers interested in wellness and well-being. Benefits to healthcare research, drug discovery, and next generation genomic and novel health discoveries could accelerate discovery, trial, and wider knowledge and adoption of novel tools and techniques. In this book, we will explore the potential synergies and benefits of ABC with particular interest in the way that they can make up for weaknesses and be used appropriately and with proper cautions given the potential power of AI. Blockchain for verification, privacy and trust, along with good cybersecurity practices, often called cyber hygiene -- especially with the potential for new and novel attacks far beyond ransomware as the age of quantum computing accelerates. We hope you will enjoy exploring the breadth of knowledge and expertise represented by the many contributors and early insights and case studies.

Join us in the beginning of a conversation and what we hope will be a community dedicated to leveraging some of the latest technologies for a next generation of infrastructure. After decades of building enterprise systems, a fundamental change is occurring because of AI, Blockchain, and next-generation Cybersecurity (ABC). This is poised to affect many industries and areas of society, not least of which is healthcare. We are excited to join like-minded colleagues who have agreed to share their expertise and examples in the early days of integrating these technologies into a unified architecture that can meet operational goals. In the case of healthcare, can artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cybersecurity technologies lead to better, faster, and cheaper healthcare and ease the burden on healthcare providers? This may extend to the whole health ecosystem, not just providers and the hospitals and systems, but also to the insurers and payers, and of course the patients or health consumers interested in wellness and well-being. Benefits to healthcare research, drug discovery, and next generation genomic and novel health discoveries could accelerate discovery, trial, and wider knowledge and adoption of novel tools and techniques. In this book, we will explore the potential synergies and benefits of ABC with particular interest in the way that they can make up for weaknesses and be used appropriately and with proper cautions given the potential power of AI. Blockchain for verification, privacy and trust, along with good cybersecurity practices, often called cyber hygiene -- especially with the potential for new and novel attacks far beyond ransomware as the age of quantum computing accelerates. We hope you will enjoy exploring the breadth of knowledge and expertise represented by the many contributors and early insights and case studies.

Work with blockchain and understand its potential application beyond cryptocurrencies in the domains of healthcare, Internet of Things, finance, decentralized organizations, and open science. Featuring case studies and practical insights generated from a start-up spun off from the author’s own lab, this book covers a unique mix of topics not found in others and offers insight into how to overcome real hurdles that arise as the market and consumers grow accustomed to blockchain based start-ups.

You''ll start with a review of the historical origins of blockchain and explore the basic cryptography needed to make the blockchain work for Bitcoin. You will then learn about the technical advancements made in the surrounded ecosystem: the Ethereum virtual machine, Solidity, Colored Coins, the Hyperledger Project, Blockchain-as-a-service offered through IBM, Microsoft and more.

This book looks at the consequences of machine-to-machine transactions using the blockchain socially, technologically, economically and politically. Blockchain Enabled Applications provides you with a clear perspective of the ecosystem that has developed around the blockchain and the various industries it has penetrated.

What You’ll Learn

Implement the code-base from Fabric and Sawtooth, two open source blockchain-efforts being developed under the Hyperledger ProjectEvaluate the benefits of integrating blockchain with emerging technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence in the cloudUse the practical insights provided by the case studies to your own projects or start-up ideasSet up a development environment to compile and manage projects

Who This Book Is For

Developers who are interested in learning about the blockchain as a data-structure, the recent advancements being made and how to implement the code-base.

Decisionmakers within large corporations (product managers, directors or CIO level executives) interested in implementing the blockchain who need more practical insights and not just theory.

Learn all about blockchain and its applications in cryptocurrency, healthcare, Internet of Things, finance, decentralized organizations, and more. Featuring case studies and practical insights, this book covers a unique mix of topics and offers insight into how to overcome hurdles that arise as the market and consumers grow accustomed to blockchain-based organizations and services.The book is divided into three major sections. The first section provides a historical background to blockchain technology. You will start with a historical context to financial capital markets when Bitcoin was invented, followed by mining protocols, the need for consensus, hardware mining, etc. Next, a formal introduction to blockchain is provided covering transaction workflow, role of decentralized network, and payment verification. Then, we dive deep into a different implementation of a blockchain: Ethereum. The main technical features, such as Ethereum Virtual Machine, are presentedalong with the smart contract programming language, Solidity. In this second section, you will look at some modern use cases for blockchain from a decentralized autonomous organization, high-performance computing in Ethereum and off-grid computations, and healthcare and scientific discovery. The final section of the book looks toward the future of blockchain. This is followed by chapters covering the rise of consortia in the blockchain world, the Hyperledger project, particularly the updates since 2018, and a chapter on educational blockchain games. This is followed by updates to EOS.IO, Chain Core, and Quorum, ICOs and a look at the major changes to financial markets brought about by blockchain and decentralized networks.What You Will LearnGet an overview of the popular games employed to teach the basic concepts of blockchain and decentralized networksBe familiar with the rise of blockchain consortiums as well as updates to Hyperledger Project, 2020Find out about cloud blockchains, including Microsoft Azure and Amazon Webservices, and how to set up test environmentsStudy machine learning integration in the blockchain and the role of smart contracts Who This Book Is ForBlockchain developers interested in keeping up with the newest updates and students looking for a broad overview of this vast ecosystem, plus business executives who want to make informed product decisions about including blockchain as well as policy makers who want a better understanding of the current use cases

Learn all about blockchain and its applications in cryptocurrency, healthcare, Internet of Things, finance, decentralized organizations, and more. Featuring case studies and practical insights, this book covers a unique mix of topics and offers insight into how to overcome hurdles that arise as the market and consumers grow accustomed to blockchain-based organizations and services.

The book is divided into three major sections. The first section provides a historical background to blockchain technology. You will start with a historical context to financial capital markets when Bitcoin was invented, followed by mining protocols, the need for consensus, hardware mining, etc. Next, a formal introduction to blockchain is provided covering transaction workflow, role of decentralized network, and payment verification. Then, we dive deep into a different implementation of a blockchain: Ethereum. The main technical features, such as Ethereum Virtual Machine, are presentedalong with the smart contract programming language, Solidity.

In this second section, you will look at some modern use cases for blockchain from a decentralized autonomous organization, high-performance computing in Ethereum and off-grid computations, and healthcare and scientific discovery. The final section of the book looks toward the future of blockchain. This is followed by chapters covering the rise of consortia in the blockchain world, the Hyperledger project, particularly the updates since 2018, and a chapter on educational blockchain games. This is followed by updates to EOS.IO, Chain Core, and Quorum, ICOs and a look at the major changes to financial markets brought about by blockchain and decentralized networks.

What You Will Learn

Get an overview of the popular games employed to teach the basic concepts of blockchain and decentralized networksBe familiar with the rise of blockchain consortiums as well as updates to Hyperledger Project, 2020Find out about cloud blockchains, including Microsoft Azure and Amazon Webservices, and how to set up test environmentsStudy machine learning integration in the blockchain and the role of smart contracts

Who This Book Is For

Blockchain developers interested in keeping up with the newest updates and students looking for a broad overview of this vast ecosystem, plus business executives who want to make informed product decisions about including blockchain as well as policy makers who want a better understanding of the current use cases

Blockchain technology offers a powerful foundation for building trust, privacy and verifiability into AI frameworks. This book will focus on how a blockchain can enable AI frameworks and applications to scale in a responsible fashion, reshaping the future of numerous industries from financial markets to healthcare and education.You’ll see that in the next wave of AI products, blockchain can provide a “Trust Layer,” a fundamental feature previously only implemented for parties within a blockchain network. The provable consensus algorithms and oracles previously implemented in blockchains can be extended to autonomous agents that are integrated with large language models (LLMs) and future applications.Finally, you’ll learn that safety is a major concern for practical applications of AI and blockchain can help mitigate threats due to the decentralized nature. As such, there will be significant discourse on how blockchain can provide enhanced security against prompt injections, LLM-hijacking for dangerous information and privacy. These ideas were studied rigorously when large financial institutions were releasing their own blockchains and distributed ledger protocols with a heavy focus privacy.AI is undergoing a Cambrian explosion this year with foundational models emerging for all major domains of study, however, most such models lack the capacity to externally validate for the “correctness” of a fact, or reply made by the LLM. Similarly, there are no definitive methods to distinguish between meaningful insights and hallucination. These challenges remain at the forefront of AI research, and AI Frameworks Enabled by Blockchain aims to translate technical literature into actionable and practical tips for the AI domain.What You Will Learn·       Bring a layer of accuracy to generative AI where a non-generative component behaves as guardrails·       Protect users from harmful biases as well as hallucinations. ·       See how blockchain plays a role in aligning AI with human interests.·       Review use-cases and real-world applications from parties that have invested a significant amount in building technology stacks utilizing both.Who This Book Is ForEnterprise users and policy makers in the field of Professional and Applied Computing

Blockchain technology is poised to revolutionize more than just payment and crypto-currency. Many vertical industries will be reshaped by the new trusted data models enabled and inspired by the blockchain – healthcare is no exception. In fact, healthcare may hold the greatest opportunities for meaningful use of the technology. Early pioneers have explored some of the first use cases for medical payments, electronic health records, HIPAA/data privacy, drug counterfeiting, and credentialing of healthcare professionals. We have only begun to scratch the surface in how to automate the complexities of today’s healthcare systems and design new systems which focus on trust, transparency and the alignment of incentives.Metcalf, Bass, Dhillon, and Hooper have curated a collection of examples based on the fundamentals of blockchain that build upon the early successes and examples that point to the future. After a brief introduction to bitcoin, blockchain and the protocols available, a getting-started guide is presented specific to health and healthcare. The authors discuss the complexities and possibilities of smart contracts and some of the early consortia that are exploring the possibilities. Examples and use cases are found throughout the book, with specific sections that cover the more sophisticated and far-reaching examples which have the potential to scale at the industry-level. In addition, a discussion of integrating blockchain technology into other advanced healthcare trends and IT systems – such as telemedicine, artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of Things, value-based payments , patient engagement solutions, big data solutions, medical tourism, and precision medicine/genetic therapies among many others are presented. The final section provides a glimpse into the future using blockchain technology and examples of research projects that are still in labs across the globe. The appendices may prove particularly useful for additional details on how to get started, including resources and organizations specifically focusing on blockchain and distributed ledger solutions.

Blockchain technology is poised to revolutionize more than just payment and crypto-currency. Many vertical industries will be reshaped by the new trusted data models enabled and inspired by the blockchain – healthcare is no exception. In fact, healthcare may hold the greatest opportunities for meaningful use of the technology. Early pioneers have explored some of the first use cases for medical payments, electronic health records, HIPAA/data privacy, drug counterfeiting, and credentialing of healthcare professionals. We have only begun to scratch the surface in how to automate the complexities of today’s healthcare systems and design new systems which focus on trust, transparency and the alignment of incentives.Metcalf, Bass, Dhillon, and Hooper have curated a collection of examples based on the fundamentals of blockchain that build upon the early successes and examples that point to the future. After a brief introduction to bitcoin, blockchain and the protocols available, a getting-started guide is presented specific to health and healthcare. The authors discuss the complexities and possibilities of smart contracts and some of the early consortia that are exploring the possibilities. Examples and use cases are found throughout the book, with specific sections that cover the more sophisticated and far-reaching examples which have the potential to scale at the industry-level. In addition, a discussion of integrating blockchain technology into other advanced healthcare trends and IT systems – such as telemedicine, artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of Things, value-based payments , patient engagement solutions, big data solutions, medical tourism, and precision medicine/genetic therapies among many others are presented. The final section provides a glimpse into the future using blockchain technology and examples of research projects that are still in labs across the globe. The appendices may prove particularly useful for additional details on how to get started, including resources and organizations specifically focusing on blockchain and distributed ledger solutions.

Join us in the beginning of a conversation and what we hope will be a community dedicated to leveraging some of the latest technologies for a next generation of infrastructure. After decades of building enterprise systems, a fundamental change is occurring because of AI, Blockchain, and next-generation Cybersecurity (ABC). This is poised to affect many industries and areas of society, not least of which is healthcare. We are excited to join like-minded colleagues who have agreed to share their expertise and examples in the early days of integrating these technologies into a unified architecture that can meet operational goals. In the case of healthcare, can artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cybersecurity technologies lead to better, faster, and cheaper healthcare and ease the burden on healthcare providers? This may extend to the whole health ecosystem, not just providers and the hospitals and systems, but also to the insurers and payers, and of course the patients or health consumers interested in wellness and well-being. Benefits to healthcare research, drug discovery, and next generation genomic and novel health discoveries could accelerate discovery, trial, and wider knowledge and adoption of novel tools and techniques. In this book, we will explore the potential synergies and benefits of ABC with particular interest in the way that they can make up for weaknesses and be used appropriately and with proper cautions given the potential power of AI. Blockchain for verification, privacy and trust, along with good cybersecurity practices, often called cyber hygiene -- especially with the potential for new and novel attacks far beyond ransomware as the age of quantum computing accelerates. We hope you will enjoy exploring the breadth of knowledge and expertise represented by the many contributors and early insights and case studies.

Join us in the beginning of a conversation and what we hope will be a community dedicated to leveraging some of the latest technologies for a next generation of infrastructure. After decades of building enterprise systems, a fundamental change is occurring because of AI, Blockchain, and next-generation Cybersecurity (ABC). This is poised to affect many industries and areas of society, not least of which is healthcare. We are excited to join like-minded colleagues who have agreed to share their expertise and examples in the early days of integrating these technologies into a unified architecture that can meet operational goals. In the case of healthcare, can artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cybersecurity technologies lead to better, faster, and cheaper healthcare and ease the burden on healthcare providers? This may extend to the whole health ecosystem, not just providers and the hospitals and systems, but also to the insurers and payers, and of course the patients or health consumers interested in wellness and well-being. Benefits to healthcare research, drug discovery, and next generation genomic and novel health discoveries could accelerate discovery, trial, and wider knowledge and adoption of novel tools and techniques. In this book, we will explore the potential synergies and benefits of ABC with particular interest in the way that they can make up for weaknesses and be used appropriately and with proper cautions given the potential power of AI. Blockchain for verification, privacy and trust, along with good cybersecurity practices, often called cyber hygiene -- especially with the potential for new and novel attacks far beyond ransomware as the age of quantum computing accelerates. We hope you will enjoy exploring the breadth of knowledge and expertise represented by the many contributors and early insights and case studies.

Work with blockchain and understand its potential application beyond cryptocurrencies in the domains of healthcare, Internet of Things, finance, decentralized organizations, and open science. Featuring case studies and practical insights generated from a start-up spun off from the author’s own lab, this book covers a unique mix of topics not found in others and offers insight into how to overcome real hurdles that arise as the market and consumers grow accustomed to blockchain based start-ups.

You''ll start with a review of the historical origins of blockchain and explore the basic cryptography needed to make the blockchain work for Bitcoin. You will then learn about the technical advancements made in the surrounded ecosystem: the Ethereum virtual machine, Solidity, Colored Coins, the Hyperledger Project, Blockchain-as-a-service offered through IBM, Microsoft and more.

This book looks at the consequences of machine-to-machine transactions using the blockchain socially, technologically, economically and politically. Blockchain Enabled Applications provides you with a clear perspective of the ecosystem that has developed around the blockchain and the various industries it has penetrated.

What You’ll Learn

Implement the code-base from Fabric and Sawtooth, two open source blockchain-efforts being developed under the Hyperledger ProjectEvaluate the benefits of integrating blockchain with emerging technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence in the cloudUse the practical insights provided by the case studies to your own projects or start-up ideasSet up a development environment to compile and manage projects

Who This Book Is For

Developers who are interested in learning about the blockchain as a data-structure, the recent advancements being made and how to implement the code-base.

Decisionmakers within large corporations (product managers, directors or CIO level executives) interested in implementing the blockchain who need more practical insights and not just theory.

Learn all about blockchain and its applications in cryptocurrency, healthcare, Internet of Things, finance, decentralized organizations, and more. Featuring case studies and practical insights, this book covers a unique mix of topics and offers insight into how to overcome hurdles that arise as the market and consumers grow accustomed to blockchain-based organizations and services.The book is divided into three major sections. The first section provides a historical background to blockchain technology. You will start with a historical context to financial capital markets when Bitcoin was invented, followed by mining protocols, the need for consensus, hardware mining, etc. Next, a formal introduction to blockchain is provided covering transaction workflow, role of decentralized network, and payment verification. Then, we dive deep into a different implementation of a blockchain: Ethereum. The main technical features, such as Ethereum Virtual Machine, are presentedalong with the smart contract programming language, Solidity. In this second section, you will look at some modern use cases for blockchain from a decentralized autonomous organization, high-performance computing in Ethereum and off-grid computations, and healthcare and scientific discovery. The final section of the book looks toward the future of blockchain. This is followed by chapters covering the rise of consortia in the blockchain world, the Hyperledger project, particularly the updates since 2018, and a chapter on educational blockchain games. This is followed by updates to EOS.IO, Chain Core, and Quorum, ICOs and a look at the major changes to financial markets brought about by blockchain and decentralized networks.What You Will LearnGet an overview of the popular games employed to teach the basic concepts of blockchain and decentralized networksBe familiar with the rise of blockchain consortiums as well as updates to Hyperledger Project, 2020Find out about cloud blockchains, including Microsoft Azure and Amazon Webservices, and how to set up test environmentsStudy machine learning integration in the blockchain and the role of smart contracts Who This Book Is ForBlockchain developers interested in keeping up with the newest updates and students looking for a broad overview of this vast ecosystem, plus business executives who want to make informed product decisions about including blockchain as well as policy makers who want a better understanding of the current use cases

Learn all about blockchain and its applications in cryptocurrency, healthcare, Internet of Things, finance, decentralized organizations, and more. Featuring case studies and practical insights, this book covers a unique mix of topics and offers insight into how to overcome hurdles that arise as the market and consumers grow accustomed to blockchain-based organizations and services.

The book is divided into three major sections. The first section provides a historical background to blockchain technology. You will start with a historical context to financial capital markets when Bitcoin was invented, followed by mining protocols, the need for consensus, hardware mining, etc. Next, a formal introduction to blockchain is provided covering transaction workflow, role of decentralized network, and payment verification. Then, we dive deep into a different implementation of a blockchain: Ethereum. The main technical features, such as Ethereum Virtual Machine, are presentedalong with the smart contract programming language, Solidity.

In this second section, you will look at some modern use cases for blockchain from a decentralized autonomous organization, high-performance computing in Ethereum and off-grid computations, and healthcare and scientific discovery. The final section of the book looks toward the future of blockchain. This is followed by chapters covering the rise of consortia in the blockchain world, the Hyperledger project, particularly the updates since 2018, and a chapter on educational blockchain games. This is followed by updates to EOS.IO, Chain Core, and Quorum, ICOs and a look at the major changes to financial markets brought about by blockchain and decentralized networks.

What You Will Learn

Get an overview of the popular games employed to teach the basic concepts of blockchain and decentralized networksBe familiar with the rise of blockchain consortiums as well as updates to Hyperledger Project, 2020Find out about cloud blockchains, including Microsoft Azure and Amazon Webservices, and how to set up test environmentsStudy machine learning integration in the blockchain and the role of smart contracts

Who This Book Is For

Blockchain developers interested in keeping up with the newest updates and students looking for a broad overview of this vast ecosystem, plus business executives who want to make informed product decisions about including blockchain as well as policy makers who want a better understanding of the current use cases

Blockchain technology offers a powerful foundation for building trust, privacy and verifiability into AI frameworks. This book will focus on how a blockchain can enable AI frameworks and applications to scale in a responsible fashion, reshaping the future of numerous industries from financial markets to healthcare and education.You’ll see that in the next wave of AI products, blockchain can provide a “Trust Layer,” a fundamental feature previously only implemented for parties within a blockchain network. The provable consensus algorithms and oracles previously implemented in blockchains can be extended to autonomous agents that are integrated with large language models (LLMs) and future applications.Finally, you’ll learn that safety is a major concern for practical applications of AI and blockchain can help mitigate threats due to the decentralized nature. As such, there will be significant discourse on how blockchain can provide enhanced security against prompt injections, LLM-hijacking for dangerous information and privacy. These ideas were studied rigorously when large financial institutions were releasing their own blockchains and distributed ledger protocols with a heavy focus privacy.AI is undergoing a Cambrian explosion this year with foundational models emerging for all major domains of study, however, most such models lack the capacity to externally validate for the “correctness” of a fact, or reply made by the LLM. Similarly, there are no definitive methods to distinguish between meaningful insights and hallucination. These challenges remain at the forefront of AI research, and AI Frameworks Enabled by Blockchain aims to translate technical literature into actionable and practical tips for the AI domain.What You Will Learn·       Bring a layer of accuracy to generative AI where a non-generative component behaves as guardrails·       Protect users from harmful biases as well as hallucinations. ·       See how blockchain plays a role in aligning AI with human interests.·       Review use-cases and real-world applications from parties that have invested a significant amount in building technology stacks utilizing both.Who This Book Is ForEnterprise users and policy makers in the field of Professional and Applied Computing