Michael Eckert – författare

The subject of the book is a biography of the theoretical physicist Arnold Sommerfeld (1868-1951). Although Sommerfeld is famous as a quantum theorist for the elaboration of the semi-classical atomic theory (Bohr-Sommerfeld model, Sommerfeld's fine-structure constant), his role in the history of modern physics is not confined to atoms and quanta. Sommerfeld left his mark in the history of mathematics, fluid mechanics, a number of physical subdisciplines and, in particular, as founder of a most productive "school" (Peter Debye, Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, Linus Pauling and Hans Bethe were his pupils, to name only the Nobel laureates among them). This biography is to a large extent based on primary source material (correspondence, diaries, unpublished manuscripts). It should be of particular interest to students who are keen to know more about the historical roots of modern science. Sommerfeld lived through turbulent times of German history (Wilhelmian Empire, Weimar Republic, Nazi period). His life, therefore, illustrates how science and scientists perform in changing social environments. From this perspective, the biography should also attract readers with a general interest in the history of science and technology.

This is a comprehensive biography of Ludwig Prandtl (1875-1953), the father of modern aerodynamics. Furthermore, Prandtl founded the Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt (AVA) and the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Strömungsforschung in Göttingen, both of them seeds for the growth of fluid mechanics in Germany.

On the road toward a history of turbulence, this book focuses on what the actors in this research field have identified as the “turbulence problem”.

This book traces the history of Arnold Sommerfeld’s famous “nursery of theoretical physics” at the University of Munich and demonstrates the centrality of developing personal and institutional networks for the emergence of quantum theory.

Turbulence is a research field where high expectations have met with recurrent frustration. It is a common perception among physicists, mathematicians and engineers that there is a "big mystery" behind the phenomenon of turbulence. Its history has also remained anything but well researched. Unlike topics such as quantum theory, which began to attract physics historians as long as fifty years ago, turbulence has - until now - received only little professional historical investigation.In this book, which complements his earlier SpringerBrief "The Turbulence Problem", the author sketches the history of turbulence from the vantage point of its roots (Part I), the basic concepts (Part II) and the formation of a scientific community that regarded turbulence as a research field in its own right (Part III). From this perspective turbulence research appears to undertake an odyssey through uncharted territories. The book follows this development up until a conference in Marseille in theyear 1961, which marked the inauguration of turbulence in the words of its organizer as “a new science”. The epilogue contains some observations about turbulence research since 1961. This book provides a rich source of information for all those interested in the history of this major field of basic and applied science.

Turbulence is a research field where high expectations have met with recurrent frustration. It is a common perception among physicists, mathematicians and engineers that there is a "big mystery" behind the phenomenon of turbulence. Its history has also remained anything but well researched. Unlike topics such as quantum theory, which began to attract physics historians as long as fifty years ago, turbulence has - until now - received only little professional historical investigation.In this book, which complements his earlier SpringerBrief "The Turbulence Problem", the author sketches the history of turbulence from the vantage point of its roots (Part I), the basic concepts (Part II) and the formation of a scientific community that regarded turbulence as a research field in its own right (Part III). From this perspective turbulence research appears to undertake an odyssey through uncharted territories. The book follows this development up until a conference in Marseille in theyear 1961, which marked the inauguration of turbulence in the words of its organizer as “a new science”. The epilogue contains some observations about turbulence research since 1961. This book provides a rich source of information for all those interested in the history of this major field of basic and applied science.

Das Schleiermacher-Archiv ist primär ein begleitendes Publikationsorgan für die seit 1980 erscheinende Gesamtausgabe der Werke Friedrich Schleiermachers (KGA), welches Materialien und Untersuchungen veröffentlicht, die in engerer Beziehung zur KGA stehen. In Sammelbänden werden zudem Beiträge dokumentiert, die auf internationalen Schleiermacher-Kongressen vorgetragen worden oder in diesem Zusammenhang entstanden sind.

Dieses Buch liefert eine Sozialgeschichte der modernen theoretischen Physik am Beispiel Arnold Sommerfelds, des nach Einstein einflussreichsten und bedeutendsten theoretischen Physikers unseres Jahrhunderts. Der Autor zeigt, dass die theoretische Physik sich keineswegs nur durch geniale Ideen zu einer der modernen Wissenschaften des 20. Jahrhunderts entwickelte, sondern auch durch soziale Faktoren wie personliche Anerkennung, missionarischer Eifer beim Verbreiten eigener Ideen, Fortschrittsglauben, wirtschaftliche Randbedingungen, Erwartungen des Staates (Atombombe!), Nationalismus, Erwartungen der Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft als Kulturgut beinflusst wurde.

Ludwig Prandtl gilt als Pionier der modernen Strömungsmechanik. Seine Grenzschichttheorie überbrückte eine Jahrhunderte andauernde Kluft zwischen Theorie und Praxis auf diesem Gebiet. Prandtl hinterließ darüber hinaus bleibende Spuren in einer Fülle von ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen, von der Festigkeitslehre bis zur Erforschung der Turbulenz.  Auch beim Aufbau neuer Institute machte sich Ludwig Prandtl einen Namen: Die Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt in Göttingen, eine Vorläufer-Einrichtung des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), geht auf Prandtls Initiative zurück. Zudem gründete er auch das Kaiser- Wilhelm-Institut für Strömungsforschung, das heute als Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation fortbesteht.  Seine Reputation als „Vater der modernen Aerodynamik“ verschaffte Prandtl auch Einfluss bei politischen Weichenstellungen der Luftfahrtforschung - vom Deutschen Kaiserreich über die Weimarer Republik bis zum „Dritten Reich“. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg zählte er zum Kreis der Berater für die Forschungspolitik des Reichsluftfahrtministeriums. Ludwig Prandtls Korrespondenz mit Kollegen, Forschungsmanagern, Industriellen und Politikern dient dieser Biografie als wichtigste Quelle. Sie ermöglicht einen unverstellten Blick auf die engen Beziehungen zu Technik und Politik, die dieses Wissenschaftlerleben so besonders machten.

In diesem Band werden die wichtigsten Artikel Prandtls zu Turbulenzen und zur Grenzschichttheorie vorgestellt, kommentiert und in einen historischen sowie sozio-kulturellen Hintergrund eingeordnet.