Mohamed I. Elmasry - Böcker

One of the most challenging areas for VLSI designers is VLSI circuit and system design for wireless applications. The design of a cellular radio system involves several engineering disciplines ranging from communication theory and digital signal processing to high frequency semiconductor technology and circuit design. Furthermore, the new generation of wireless systems, which includes multimedia, puts severe constraints on performance, cost, size, power and energy. VLSI designers now need to understand both wireless communication and mixed signal design. This is an overview of wireless communication systems, followed by a detailed treatment of related topics such as the mobile radio, digital modulation and schemes, spread spectrum and receiver architectures. The second half of the book deals with VLSI design issues related to mixed-signal design. These include analog-to-digital conversion, transceiver design, digital low-power techniques, amplifier design, phase-locked loops and frequency synthesizers. It is written for use in advanced level courses and also serves as a basic reference for professional engineers.

Although research in architectural synthesis has been conducted for over ten years it has had very little impact on industry. This in our view is due to the inability of current architectural synthesizers to provide area-delay competitive (or "optimal") architectures, that will support interfaces to analog, asynchronous, and other complex processes. They also fail to incorporate testability. The OASIC (optimal architectural synthesis with interface constraints) architectural synthesizer and the CATREE (computer aided trees) synthesizer demonstrate how these problems can be solved. Traditionally architectural synthesis is viewed as NP hard and there­ fore most research has involved heuristics. OASIC demonstrates by using an IP approach (using polyhedral analysis), that most input algo­ rithms can be synthesized very fast into globally optimal architectures. Since a mathematical model is used, complex interface constraints can easily be incorporated and solved. Research in test incorporation has in general been separate from syn­ thesis research. This is due to the fact that traditional test research has been at the gate or lower level of design representation. Nevertheless as technologies scale down, and complexity of design scales up, the push for reducing testing times is increased. On way to deal with this is to incorporate test strategies early in the design process. The second half of this text examines an approach for integrating architectural synthesis with test incorporation. Research showed that test must be considered during synthesis to provide good architectural solutions which minimize Xlll area delay cost functions.

"Digital BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design" is the first book devoted entirely to the analysis and design of digital BiCMOS integrated circuits. "Digital BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design" also reviews CMOS and CML integrated circuit design. The application of BiCMOS in the design of digital subsystems, e.g. adders, multipliers, RAMs and PLAs is addressed. The book also introduces the reader to IC process technology: CMOS, bipolar and BiCMOS. The modeling of both the bipolar and MOS devices are covered. Many process/device/circuit design issues are discussed. "Digital BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design" can be used by engineers, researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students working in the area of digital integrated circuits, digital circuits and system design, BiCMOS process and device modeling.

This text offers an engineering approach to the design of VLSI (very-large-scale integration) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The design of analog, digital and mixed analog/digital VLSI ANNs are represented. A design methodology and a CAD environment are presented to highlight the tradeoff design factors. System applications of ANNs to automatic speech recognition and pattern recognition are included. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction. Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 deal with VLSI circuit design techniques (analog, digital and sampled data) and automated VLSI design environment for ANNs. Chapter 2 reports on a sampled data approach to the implementation of ANNs with application to character recognition. It also contains an overview of the different approaches of VLSI implementation of ANNs; explaining the advantage and disadvantage of each approach. In Chapter 3, the topic of design exploration of mixed analog/digital ANNs at the high level of the design hierarchy is addressed. The need for creating such a design automation environment, with its supporting CAD tools, is a necessary condition for the widespread use of application-specific chips of ANN implementation.In Chapter 4 the same topic of design exploration is discussed, but at the low level of the hierarchy and targeting analog implementation. Chapter 5 reports on all-digital implementation of ANNs using the Neocognitron as the ANN model. Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9 deal with the application of ANNs to a number of fields. Chapter 6 addresses the topic of automatic speech recognition using neural predictive hidden Markov models. Chapter 7 deals with the topic of classification using minimum complexity ANNs. Chapter 8 addresses the topic of pattern recognition using a fuzzy clustering ANNs. Chapter 9 deals with speech recognition using pipelined ANNs. "VLSI Artificial Neural Networks Engineering" will be useful to researchers and graduated engineers working in the area of VLSI circuit and system design and to the students of upper-undergraduate and graduate level courses on analog circuits, digital circuits, ANNs and VLSI system applications.

Devoted to the design of digital high-performance VLSI, CMOS, BiCMOS and bipolar ciruits, this work also documents recent progress in circuit structures. Recent advances in both the computer and telecommunications industries demand high-performance VLSI digital circuits. Digital processing of signals demands high-speed circuit techniques for the GHz range. The design of such circuits represents a great challenge; one that is amplified when the power supply is scaled down to 3.3 V. Moreover, the requirements of low-power/high-performance circuits adds an extra dimension to the design of such circuits. The book introduces the subject of high-performance VLSI circuit design and explains the speed/power tradeoffs. The first few chapters of the book discuss the necessary background material in the area of device design and device modelling, respectively. High-performance CMOS circuits are then covered, especially the new all-N-logic dynamic circuits. Propagation delay times of high-speed bipolar CML and ECL are developed analytically to give a thorough understanding of various interacting process, device and circuit parameters.High-current phenomena of bipolar devices are also addressed as these devices typically operate at maximum currents for limited device area. Different, new, high-performance BiCMOS circuits are presented and compared to their conventional counterparts. These new circuits find direct applications in the areas of high-speed adders, frequency dividers, sense amplifiers, level-shifters, input/output clock buffers and PLLs. The book concludes with a few system application examples of digital high-performance VLSI circuits.

Presenting a number of high performance digital circuit designs that emphasize low-power and low-voltage operation, this text shows a wide range of circuits used in current VLSI systems. Each chapter contains a brief introduction that serves as a quick background and gives the motivation behind the design. Each chapter also ends with a summary that briefly explains the contributions contained therein. Examples of circuits used in systems where low-power is important from reliability and portability points of view (such as general-purpose and DSP processors) are presented in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Chapters 5 and 7 give examples of circuits used in systems where reliability and more system integration are the main driving forces behind lowering the power consumption. Chapter 6 gives an example of a general purpose high-performance low-power circuit design. "Advanced Low-Power Digital Circuit Techniques" is a real designer's book. It investigates alternative circuit styles, as well as architectural alternatives, and gives quantitative results for comparison in realistic technologies. Several of the circuits presented have been fabricated so that simulations can be checked.The circuits covered are the most important building blocks for many designs, so the text will be of direct use to designers. MOS designs are covered, as well as BiCMOS, and there are several novel circuits.

Why has so much of our recent attention been focused on AI while RI (Real Intelligence) is all but forgotten? And why are we spending so much energy debating the future of AI rather than that of its human original? Why can’t those who are concerned about AI and those who care about RI talk to one another using a common language?iMind: Artificial and Real Intelligenceis the first comprehensive popular science account of AI and RI. Unique in scope, it discusses the interdisciplinary science of AI, RI, smartphones, smart sensors, microchips, and the brain-mind connection. It explores what is beyond the physical, including mindfulness and spirituality, and how they can impact our wellbeing in the here and now, and how they can help us achieve a healthy and fulfilling old age.Mohamed I. Elmasry, PhD, FIEEE, FRSC, FCAE, FEIC, is Emeritus Professor of Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo.

Why has so much of our recent attention been focused on AI while RI (Real Intelligence) is all but forgotten? And why are we spending so much energy debating the future of AI rather than that of its human original? Why can’t those who are concerned about AI and those who care about RI talk to one another using a common language?iMind: Artificial and Real Intelligenceis the first comprehensive popular science account of AI and RI. Unique in scope, it discusses the interdisciplinary science of AI, RI, smartphones, smart sensors, microchips, and the brain-mind connection. It explores what is beyond the physical, including mindfulness and spirituality, and how they can impact our wellbeing in the here and now, and how they can help us achieve a healthy and fulfilling old age.Mohamed I. Elmasry, PhD, FIEEE, FRSC, FCAE, FEIC, is Emeritus Professor of Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo.

Advanced Low-Power Digital Circuit Techniques presents several novel high performance digital circuit designs that emphasize low-power and low-voltage operation. These circuits represent a wide range of circuits that are used in state-of-the-art VLSI systems and hence serve as good examples for low-power design. Each chapter contains a brief introduction that serves as a quick background and gives the motivation behind the design. Each chapter also ends with a summary that briefly explains the contributions contained therein. This makes the book very readable. The reader can skim through the chapters very quickly to get a feel for the design problems presented in the book and the solutions proposed by the authors. Examples of circuits used in systems where low-power is important from reliability and portability points of view (such as general-purpose and DSP processors) are presented in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Chapters 5 and 7 give examples of circuits used in systems where reliability and more system integration are the main driving forces behind lowering the power consumption. Chapter 6 gives an example of a general purpose high-performance low-power circuit design. Advanced Low-Power Digital Circuit Techniques is a real designer's book. It investigates alternative circuit styles, as well as architectural alternatives, and gives quantitative results for comparison in realistic technologies. Several of the circuits presented have been fabricated so that simulations can be checked. The circuits covered are the most important building blocks for many designs, so the text will be of direct use to designers. MOS designs are covered, as well as BiCMOS, and there are several novel circuits.

High-Performance Digital VLSI Circuit Design is the first book devoted entirely to the design of digital high-performance VLSI circuits. CMOS, BiCMOS and bipolar ciruits are covered in depth, including state-of-the-art circuit structures. Recent advances in both the computer and telecommunications industries demand high-performance VLSI digital circuits. Digital processing of signals demands high-speed circuit techniques for the GHz range. The design of such circuits represents a great challenge; one that is amplified when the power supply is scaled down to 3.3 V. Moreover, the requirements of low-power/high-performance circuits adds an extra dimension to the design of such circuits. High-Performance Digital VLSI Circuit Design is a self-contained text, introducing the subject of high-performance VLSI circuit design and explaining the speed/power tradeoffs. The first few chapters of the book discuss the necessary background material in the area of device design and device modeling, respectively. High-performance CMOS circuits are then covered, especially the new all-N-logic dynamic circuits. Propagation delay times of high-speed bipolar CML and ECL are developed analytically to give a thorough understanding of various interacting process, device and circuit parameters. High-current phenomena of bipolar devices are also addressed as these devices typically operate at maximum currents for limited device area. Different, new, high-performance BiCMOS circuits are presented and compared to their conventional counterparts. These new circuits find direct applications in the areas of high-speed adders, frequency dividers, sense amplifiers, level-shifters, input/output clock buffers and PLLs. The book concludes with a few system application examples of digital high-performance VLSI circuits. Audience: A vital reference for practicing IC designers. Can be used as a text for graduate and senior undergraduate students in the area.

Engineers have long been fascinated by how efficient and how fast biological neural networks are capable of performing such complex tasks as recognition. Such networks are capable of recognizing input data from any of the five senses with the necessary accuracy and speed to allow living creatures to survive. Machines which perform such complex tasks as recognition, with similar ac­ curacy and speed, were difficult to implement until the technological advances of VLSI circuits and systems in the late 1980's. Since then, the field of VLSI Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have witnessed an exponential growth and a new engineering discipline was born. Today, many engineering curriculums have included a course or more on the subject at the graduate or senior under­ graduate levels. Since the pioneering book by Carver Mead; "Analog VLSI and Neural Sys­ tems", Addison-Wesley, 1989; there were a number of excellent text and ref­ erence books on the subject, each dealing with one or two topics. This book attempts to present an integrated approach of a single research team to VLSI ANNs Engineering.

Digital BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design is the first book devoted entirely to the analysis and design of digital BiCMOS integrated circuits. BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design also reviews CMOS and CML integrated circuit design. The application of BiCMOS in the design of digital subsystems, e.g. adders, multipliers, RAMs and PLAs is addressed. The book also introduces the reader to IC process technology: CMOS, bipolar and BiCMOS. The modeling of both the bipolar and MOS devices are covered. Many process/device/circuit design issues are discussed. Digital BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design can be used by engineers, researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students working in the area of digital integrated circuits, digital circuits and system design, BiCMOS process and device modeling.

Although research in architectural synthesis has been conducted for over ten years it has had very little impact on industry. This in our view is due to the inability of current architectural synthesizers to provide area-delay competitive (or "optimal") architectures, that will support interfaces to analog, asynchronous, and other complex processes. They also fail to incorporate testability. The OASIC (optimal architectural synthesis with interface constraints) architectural synthesizer and the CATREE (computer aided trees) synthesizer demonstrate how these problems can be solved. Traditionally architectural synthesis is viewed as NP hard and there­ fore most research has involved heuristics. OASIC demonstrates by using an IP approach (using polyhedral analysis), that most input algo­ rithms can be synthesized very fast into globally optimal architectures. Since a mathematical model is used, complex interface constraints can easily be incorporated and solved. Research in test incorporation has in general been separate from syn­ thesis research. This is due to the fact that traditional test research has been at the gate or lower level of design representation. Nevertheless as technologies scale down, and complexity of design scales up, the push for reducing testing times is increased. On way to deal with this is to incorporate test strategies early in the design process. The second half of this text examines an approach for integrating architectural synthesis with test incorporation. Research showed that test must be considered during synthesis to provide good architectural solutions which minimize Xlll area delay cost functions.