Nadjma Yassari - Böcker

This volume identifies and elaborates on the significance and functions of the various actors involved in the development of family law in the Middle East. Besides the importance of family law regulations for each individual, family law has become the battleground of political and social contestation. Divided into four parts, the collection presents a general overview and analysis of the development of family law in the region and provides insights into the broader context of family law reform, before offering examples of legal development realised by codification drawn from a selection of Gulf states, Iran, and Egypt. It then goes on to present a thorough analysis of the role of the judiciary in the process of lawmaking, before discussing ways the parties themselves may have shaped and do shape the law. Including contributions from leading authors of Middle Eastern law, this timely volume brings together many isolated aspects of legal development and offers a comprehensive picture on this topical subject. It will be of interest to scholars and academics of family law and religion.

This volume identifies and elaborates on the significance and functions of the various actors involved in the development of family law in the Middle East. Besides the importance of family law regulations for each individual, family law has become the battleground of political and social contestation. Divided into four parts, the collection presents a general overview and analysis of the development of family law in the region and provides insights into the broader context of family law reform, before offering examples of legal development realised by codification drawn from a selection of Gulf states, Iran, and Egypt. It then goes on to present a thorough analysis of the role of the judiciary in the process of lawmaking, before discussing ways the parties themselves may have shaped and do shape the law. Including contributions from leading authors of Middle Eastern law, this timely volume brings together many isolated aspects of legal development and offers a comprehensive picture on this topical subject. It will be of interest to scholars and academics of family law and religion.

With regard to family law, this volume examines claims based on cultural tradition, ethnic background, custom, religious affiliation and sexual orientation, as well as various other “claims” that are not officially recognized in state law, in 15 jurisdictions around the world. The country reports seek to determine whether these claims represent a challenge to family law as conceived by the state, and if so, how these challenges are being managed. The focus lies on the interaction between (i) claims and traditions raising minority-related and diversity-related issues and (ii) the state as the addressee of these demands for accommodation. The reports identify specific instances and situations that have proven (and in many cases still are) particularly difficult to resolve. They force decision-makers to engage in a delicate balancing act between different, often clashing interests.

With regard to family law, this volume examines claims based on cultural tradition, ethnic background, custom, religious affiliation and sexual orientation, as well as various other “claims” that are not officially recognized in state law, in 15 jurisdictions around the world. The country reports seek to determine whether these claims represent a challenge to family law as conceived by the state, and if so, how these challenges are being managed. The focus lies on the interaction between (i) claims and traditions raising minority-related and diversity-related issues and (ii) the state as the addressee of these demands for accommodation. The reports identify specific instances and situations that have proven (and in many cases still are) particularly difficult to resolve. They force decision-makers to engage in a delicate balancing act between different, often clashing interests.

Die Existenz nichtehelicher Lebensgemeinschaften in verschiedensten Formen in den westlichen Ländern ist ein unumstößliches Faktum. Mangels umfassender gesetzlicher Rahmenbedingungen besteht für diese Lebensgemeinschaften jedoch eine Fülle von Rechtsproblemen, so etwa bei der Auflösung der Lebensgemeinschaft durch Trennung oder Tod und bei nichtehelichen Kindern. Angesichts dieser Tatsachen darf sich der Gesetzgeber nicht länger der Lösung dieser Rechtsprobleme verschließen. Kernfrage hierbei bleibt, wie weit Regelungen greifen sollen, insbesondere in Hinblick darauf, dass eine Vielzahl der Menschen in nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaften sich gerade bewusst gegen eine enge Rechtsbeziehung entschieden hat. Eine mögliche künftige Regelung steht daher ganz zwischen zwei Polen: Dem Schutzbedürfnis der schwächeren Partei und der Kinder einerseits und der Privatautonomie andererseits. Zahlreiche Länder verfügen über sehr unterschiedliche Gesetze zu nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaften. Vor dem Hintergrund der langsamen, aber stetigen Heranbildung erster Strukturen eines "europäischen Familienrechts" können rechtsvergleichende Erfahrungen helfen, ein Modell für Deutschland zu entwickeln.

Die Brautgabe (mahr) ist eine Schlüsselfigur des klassischen islamischen Eherechts, die von allen islamischen Ländern rezipiert worden ist. Nadjma Yassari untersucht die Grundlagen dieses Rechtsinstituts, verfolgt ihre historische Entwicklung und kontextualisiert sie im Familienvermögensrecht von Ägypten, Iran, Pakistan und Tunesien. Obwohl die vermögensrechtlichen Beziehungen zwischen den Ehegatten stetig fortentwickelt worden sind, ist die Ausstrahlungskraft dieser Reformen schwach: Der Grundsatz der nachehelichen Solidarität ist kaum gefestigt; nennenswerte soziale Transferleistungen bestehen nicht. Die Brautgabe spielt somit weiterhin eine wichtige Rolle bei der Schließung der bestehenden Versorgungslücken. Diese Erkenntnis bildet in der Folge die Grundlage für eine Verortung der Brautgabe im Kollisionsrecht sowie für ihre Integration in das deutsche Familienrecht.

Die Frühehe, ein globales und altes Phänomen, ist seit einigen Jahren nicht nur in den Blickwinkel menschenrechtlicher und rechtspolitischer Diskussionen geraten, sondern auch Objekt nationaler Rechtsreformen geworden. Mehrere europäische Staaten, darunter 2017 Deutschland, reformierten ihr Recht dahingehend, nicht nur die inländische Frühehe ausnahmslos zu verbieten, sondern zudem der im Ausland geschlossenen Frühehe die Anerkennung zu verweigern. Der Sammelband stellt vergleichend Praxis und soziale Hintergründe der Frühehe sowie ihre rechtliche Behandlung in ausgewählten Rechtsordnungen Europas, Nord- und Lateinamerikas, des Nahen Ostens und Asiens dar. Darauf aufbauend untersucht er, ob die Reform des deutschen internationalen Privatrechts zielführend ist und ob sie mit höherrangigem Recht vereinbar ist.

This book is the first analysis of parental care regimes in Muslim jurisdictions, both in a comparative and country-specific sense. It contains the proceedings of a workshop on Parental Care and the Best Interests of the Child in Muslim Countries that the Max Planck Research Group “Changes in God’s Law: An Inner-Islamic Comparison of Family and Succession Law” hosted in Rabat, Morocco in April 2015. This workshop saw a total of 15 country reports presented on questions of custody, guardianship and their development within different Muslim jurisdictions (ranging from Indonesia to Morocco), a number of which are included in full in the book. Each of these country reports contains a historical perspective on the evolution of domestic rules regarding custody and guardianship, and on the introduction and development of the notion of the best interests of the child.Most importantly, the prevailing legal norms, both substantive and procedural, are explored and particular attentionis given to legal practice and the role of the judiciary. In addition to a selection of country reports from the workshop, the volume includes two comparative analyses on questions of parental care in both public and private international law.With a high practical relevance for legal practitioners working in the area of cross-border custody disputes and the most up-to-date assessment of parental care regimes beyond a pure analysis of statutory law, this book combines a number of country reports authored by experts who have worked or are still based in the respective countries they are reporting on and thus contains in-depth discussions of legal practice and custody law in action. Nadjma Yassari is Director of the Research Group “Changes in God’s Law: An Inner-Islamic Comparison of Family and Succession Law” while Lena- Maria Möller and Imen Gallala-Arndt are Senior Research Fellows at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law in Hamburg and the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle respectively.

This book contains selected contributions presented during the workshop “Establishing Filiation: Towards a Social Definition of the Family in Islamic and Middle Eastern Law?”, which was convened in Beirut, Lebanon in November 2017.Filiation is a multifaceted concept in Muslim jurisdictions. Beyond its legal aspect, it encompasses the notion of inclusion and belonging, thereby holding significant social implications. Being the child of someone, carrying one’s father’s name, and inheriting from both parents form important pillars of personal identity.This volume explores filiation (nasab) and alternative forms of a full parent-child relationship in Muslim jurisdictions. Eleven country reports ranging from Morocco to Malaysia examine how maternal and paternal filiation is established – be it by operation of the law, by the parties’ exercise of autonomy, such as acknowledgement, or by scientific means, DNA testing inparticular – and how lawmakers, courts, and society at large view and treat children who fall outside those legal structures, especially children born out of wedlock or under dubious circumstances. In a second step, alternative care schemes in place for the protection of parentless children are examined and their potential to recreate a legal parent-child relationship is discussed.In addition to the countr y-specific analyses included in this book, three further contributions explore the subject matter from perspectives of premodern Sunni legal doctrine, premodern Shiite legal doctrine and the private international law regimes of contemporary Arab countries. Finally, a comparative analysis of the themes explored is presented in the synopsis at the end of this volume.The book is aimed at scholars in the fields of Muslim family law and comparative family law and is of high practical relevance to legal practitioners working in the areaof international child law.Nadjma Yassari is Leader of the Research Group “Changes in God’s Law: An Inner-Islamic Comparison of Family and Succession Law” at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law while Lena-Maria Möller is a Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute and a member of the same Research Group. Marie-Claude Najm is a Professor in the Faculty of Law and Political Science at  Saint Joseph University of Beirut in Lebanon and Director of the Centre of Legal Studies and Research for the Arab World (CEDROMA).