The Historical Dictionary of Science and Technology in Modern China provides the most up-to-date information on science and technology in China from the late nineteenth century to the present. Special attention is given to the historical factors, scientists, and historical figures behind each scientific development. In particular, this book pays attention to the scientists who were persecuted to death or tortured during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), and whose scientific research was therefore tragically cut short. The historical dictionary provides information on science and technology in China from the late nineteenth century to the present including:a chronology;introduction; extensive bibliography;over 700 cross-referenced dictionary entries on major scientific and technological fields and sub-fields; entries on western scholars and educators who also impacted scientific achievements in China.This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the science and technology in China.

The largest emitter of green-house gases since 2007 and top polluter of the increasingly stressed Pacific Ocean, the People’s Republic of China is both a major contributor to environmental degradation and a leading contender to mitigate and stabilize global environmental conditions. Reviewing the history of the PRC from the periods of central economic planning (1953-1978) followed by the single-minded pursuit of economic growth and mass consumption beginning in 1978-1979 to the adoption of a more balanced approach stressing environmental protection and restoration beginning in the 1990s, Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Environment documents both the enormous damage to the country’s natural environment and the dramatic attempts by the Chinese government and environmental non-government organizations (ENGOs) at environmental amelioration and restoration.Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Environment contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 200 cross-referenced entries on environmental degradation including air and water pollution, deforestation, desertification, and resource depletion while efforts at amelioration and restoration include river and waterway clean-ups, reforestation and desert control, restoration of fisheries, creation of national nature reserves, along with energy conservation and development of renewables such as solar and wind power. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Chinese Environment.

Covering wide-ranging topics from the arts and entertainment to customs and traditions from the ancient imperial and modern eras, Historical Dictionary of Chinese Culture provides more than 300 separate entries along with a comprehensive chronology, glossary of Chinese cultural terms, and an extensive bibliography of Western and Chinese-language sources. Dictionary entries of the decorative and fine arts include ceramics and porcelains, handicrafts, jade and seal carving, jewelry, and painting. The literary subjects range from fiction to non-fiction, but especially poetry. Major entertainment venues of cinema and film, classical puppetry, and theater, both ancient and modern are also covered. In addition to the arts, the authors include major customary practices from childbirth and childrearing to marriage and weddings to funerals and burial practices. Other aspects of the culture are also examined, including crime, foot-binding, pornography, and prostitution, and the government policies aimed at their eradication. Throughout the text, Chinese-language translations of key terms are presented in italics and parenthesis, along with biographies of figures central to the creation of China’s magnificent cultural heritage.

Following decades of ignoring the environment, China has become a global leader in air and water purification, solid waste management, and wastewater treatment with dramatic growth especially in solar and wind power while major outstanding problems include continued reliance on coal and other fossil fuels especially in power plants and heavy industry. Concise Encyclopedia of Green Technology in China provides a basic understanding of green technology in the environmental and economic policies of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Green technology is defined as any technology used to mitigate or reverse the deleterious effects of human activity on the natural environment. Green technology involves the application of multiple environmental sciences including green chemistry, material sciences, and hydrology along with utilization of renewable energy sources such as geothermal, solar, tidal and wave, and wind power. Innovative technologies developed in China include mass production of electric vehicles (EVs), development of photovoltaics along with electronic devices for remote sensing, and monitoring, and utilization of enhanced computer power for the analysis of big data.

Cancer remains a complex disease characterized by a series of irreversible mutations of crucial genes. A host of factors collectively drive mutations and contribute to cancer initiation and development. Great strides have been made in both the scope and extent of cancer immunotherapy. Hailed as a robust cancer treatment modality that revitalizes patient’s inner immune power to harness cancer, cancer immunotherapy is actively transforming cancer care and saving many lives from incurable and treatment-resistant cancers.Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy: A Guide for Students, Patients, and Caregivers helps readers understand the ins and out of cancer immunotherapy. This book contains a chronology, an introduction, an extensive bibliography, and a dictionary section. Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy covers cancer-devouring viral therapy, tumor-infiltrating immune therapy, cytokine therapy, modified dendritic cell therapy, engineered T cell therapy, cancer preventive vaccines, and cancer therapeutic vaccines, companion topics on cancer basics, immunology fundamentals, and cancer risk reduction.

Easy to follow and medical jargon friendly, the book by Dr. Liu-Sullivan (with Foreword by Dr. Garippa of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, MSKCC) guides readers through a journey on cancer basics, why it is tough to treat, and how cancer immunotherapy that unleashes patient inner cancer-combatting immune power has bestowed an inspirational ray of hope for cancer patients and their loved ones. A collection of 101 storied essays accompanied by context-rich images, Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy: A Guide for Students, Patients, and Caretakers serves as a go-to source for gaining a good understanding of the intricate facets of cancer, the constant tug-of-war between host immune cells and cancer counterparts, and how the advent of cancer immunotherapy has offered a paradigm shift in cancer care. Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy: A Guide for Students, Patients, and Caregivers helps readers understand the ins and out of cancer immunotherapy. This book contains a chronology, an introduction, an extensive bibliography, and a dictionary section. Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy covers cancer-devouring viral therapy, tumor-infiltrating immune therapy, cytokine therapy, modified dendritic cell therapy, engineered T cell therapy, cancer preventive vaccines, and cancer therapeutic vaccines, companion topics on cancer basics, immunology fundamentals, and cancer risk reduction.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is described as the basis of a “fourth industrial revolution” with profound effects to science, industry, and various aspects of society. Rooted in philosophical and technological developments dating back to ancient times in both the West and China, AI has emerged as a powerful force transforming basic relations between humankind and machines. Historical Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence in China gives special attention to the individual scientists and entrepreneurs in the West and China responsible for major developments and advances of AI technology along with developments in ancillary fields such as science fiction and films that influence elite and popular opinion on the frequently opaque world of AI. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, cross-referenced dictionary entries, a glossary, appendix and an extensive bibliography.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is described as the basis of a "e;fourth industrial revolution"e; with profound effects to science, industry, and various aspects of society. Rooted in philosophical and technological developments dating back to ancient times in both the West and China, AI has emerged as a powerful force transforming basic relations between humankind and machines. Historical Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence in China gives special attention to the individual scientists and entrepreneurs in the West and China responsible for major developments and advances of AI technology along with developments in ancillary fields such as science fiction and films that influence elite and popular opinion on the frequently opaque world of AI. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, cross-referenced dictionary entries, a glossary, appendix and an extensive bibliography.

Major themes in the history of finance in China reflect the persistent tension between a powerful state guiding the economy versus vibrant market forces operating according to basic commercial principles. Included is the continuity and discontinuity of financial developments in imperial and modern history; creation of a modern banking system beginning in the late nineteenth century; and emergence of complex and sophisticated financial institutions and products since the introduction of economic reforms in the People’s Republic of China in 1978-1979.The Historical Dictionary of the Financial System in China contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries on important financiers, entrepreneurs, and government officials involved in finance, large state-owned banks (SOBs), state-owned enterprises (SOEs), hedge funds, exchange-traded funds, and asset-management companies. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Chinese financial system.

The Historical Dictionary of Science and Technology in Modern China provides the most up-to-date information on science and technology in China from the late nineteenth century to the present. Special attention is given to the historical factors, scientists, and historical figures behind each scientific development. In particular, this book pays attention to the scientists who were persecuted to death or tortured during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), and whose scientific research was therefore tragically cut short. The historical dictionary provides information on science and technology in China from the late nineteenth century to the present including:a chronology;introduction; extensive bibliography;over 700 cross-referenced dictionary entries on major scientific and technological fields and sub-fields; entries on western scholars and educators who also impacted scientific achievements in China.This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the science and technology in China.

The largest emitter of green-house gases since 2007 and top polluter of the increasingly stressed Pacific Ocean, the People’s Republic of China is both a major contributor to environmental degradation and a leading contender to mitigate and stabilize global environmental conditions. Reviewing the history of the PRC from the periods of central economic planning (1953-1978) followed by the single-minded pursuit of economic growth and mass consumption beginning in 1978-1979 to the adoption of a more balanced approach stressing environmental protection and restoration beginning in the 1990s, Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Environment documents both the enormous damage to the country’s natural environment and the dramatic attempts by the Chinese government and environmental non-government organizations (ENGOs) at environmental amelioration and restoration.Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Environment contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 200 cross-referenced entries on environmental degradation including air and water pollution, deforestation, desertification, and resource depletion while efforts at amelioration and restoration include river and waterway clean-ups, reforestation and desert control, restoration of fisheries, creation of national nature reserves, along with energy conservation and development of renewables such as solar and wind power. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Chinese Environment.

Covering wide-ranging topics from the arts and entertainment to customs and traditions from the ancient imperial and modern eras, Historical Dictionary of Chinese Culture provides more than 300 separate entries along with a comprehensive chronology, glossary of Chinese cultural terms, and an extensive bibliography of Western and Chinese-language sources. Dictionary entries of the decorative and fine arts include ceramics and porcelains, handicrafts, jade and seal carving, jewelry, and painting. The literary subjects range from fiction to non-fiction, but especially poetry. Major entertainment venues of cinema and film, classical puppetry, and theater, both ancient and modern are also covered. In addition to the arts, the authors include major customary practices from childbirth and childrearing to marriage and weddings to funerals and burial practices. Other aspects of the culture are also examined, including crime, foot-binding, pornography, and prostitution, and the government policies aimed at their eradication. Throughout the text, Chinese-language translations of key terms are presented in italics and parenthesis, along with biographies of figures central to the creation of China’s magnificent cultural heritage.

Following decades of ignoring the environment, China has become a global leader in air and water purification, solid waste management, and wastewater treatment with dramatic growth especially in solar and wind power while major outstanding problems include continued reliance on coal and other fossil fuels especially in power plants and heavy industry. Concise Encyclopedia of Green Technology in China provides a basic understanding of green technology in the environmental and economic policies of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Green technology is defined as any technology used to mitigate or reverse the deleterious effects of human activity on the natural environment. Green technology involves the application of multiple environmental sciences including green chemistry, material sciences, and hydrology along with utilization of renewable energy sources such as geothermal, solar, tidal and wave, and wind power. Innovative technologies developed in China include mass production of electric vehicles (EVs), development of photovoltaics along with electronic devices for remote sensing, and monitoring, and utilization of enhanced computer power for the analysis of big data.

Cancer remains a complex disease characterized by a series of irreversible mutations of crucial genes. A host of factors collectively drive mutations and contribute to cancer initiation and development. Great strides have been made in both the scope and extent of cancer immunotherapy. Hailed as a robust cancer treatment modality that revitalizes patient’s inner immune power to harness cancer, cancer immunotherapy is actively transforming cancer care and saving many lives from incurable and treatment-resistant cancers.Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy: A Guide for Students, Patients, and Caregivers helps readers understand the ins and out of cancer immunotherapy. This book contains a chronology, an introduction, an extensive bibliography, and a dictionary section. Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy covers cancer-devouring viral therapy, tumor-infiltrating immune therapy, cytokine therapy, modified dendritic cell therapy, engineered T cell therapy, cancer preventive vaccines, and cancer therapeutic vaccines, companion topics on cancer basics, immunology fundamentals, and cancer risk reduction.

Easy to follow and medical jargon friendly, the book by Dr. Liu-Sullivan (with Foreword by Dr. Garippa of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, MSKCC) guides readers through a journey on cancer basics, why it is tough to treat, and how cancer immunotherapy that unleashes patient inner cancer-combatting immune power has bestowed an inspirational ray of hope for cancer patients and their loved ones. A collection of 101 storied essays accompanied by context-rich images, Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy: A Guide for Students, Patients, and Caretakers serves as a go-to source for gaining a good understanding of the intricate facets of cancer, the constant tug-of-war between host immune cells and cancer counterparts, and how the advent of cancer immunotherapy has offered a paradigm shift in cancer care. Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy: A Guide for Students, Patients, and Caregivers helps readers understand the ins and out of cancer immunotherapy. This book contains a chronology, an introduction, an extensive bibliography, and a dictionary section. Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy covers cancer-devouring viral therapy, tumor-infiltrating immune therapy, cytokine therapy, modified dendritic cell therapy, engineered T cell therapy, cancer preventive vaccines, and cancer therapeutic vaccines, companion topics on cancer basics, immunology fundamentals, and cancer risk reduction.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is described as the basis of a “fourth industrial revolution” with profound effects to science, industry, and various aspects of society. Rooted in philosophical and technological developments dating back to ancient times in both the West and China, AI has emerged as a powerful force transforming basic relations between humankind and machines. Historical Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence in China gives special attention to the individual scientists and entrepreneurs in the West and China responsible for major developments and advances of AI technology along with developments in ancillary fields such as science fiction and films that influence elite and popular opinion on the frequently opaque world of AI. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, cross-referenced dictionary entries, a glossary, appendix and an extensive bibliography.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is described as the basis of a "e;fourth industrial revolution"e; with profound effects to science, industry, and various aspects of society. Rooted in philosophical and technological developments dating back to ancient times in both the West and China, AI has emerged as a powerful force transforming basic relations between humankind and machines. Historical Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence in China gives special attention to the individual scientists and entrepreneurs in the West and China responsible for major developments and advances of AI technology along with developments in ancillary fields such as science fiction and films that influence elite and popular opinion on the frequently opaque world of AI. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, cross-referenced dictionary entries, a glossary, appendix and an extensive bibliography.

Major themes in the history of finance in China reflect the persistent tension between a powerful state guiding the economy versus vibrant market forces operating according to basic commercial principles. Included is the continuity and discontinuity of financial developments in imperial and modern history; creation of a modern banking system beginning in the late nineteenth century; and emergence of complex and sophisticated financial institutions and products since the introduction of economic reforms in the People’s Republic of China in 1978-1979.The Historical Dictionary of the Financial System in China contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries on important financiers, entrepreneurs, and government officials involved in finance, large state-owned banks (SOBs), state-owned enterprises (SOEs), hedge funds, exchange-traded funds, and asset-management companies. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Chinese financial system.