Nicholas D. Spencer – författare

The Encyclopedia of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics introduces possibly unfamiliar areas, explains important experimental and computational techniques, and describes modern endeavors. The encyclopedia quickly provides the basics, defines the scope of each subdiscipline, and indicates where to go for a more complete and detailed explanation. Particular attention has been paid to symbols and abbreviations to make this a user-friendly encyclopedia. Care has been taken to ensure that the reading level is suitable for the trained chemist or physicist. The encyclopedia is divided in three major sections:FUNDAMENTALS: the mechanics of atoms and molecules and their interactions, the macroscopic and statistical description of systems at equilibrium, and the basic ways of treating reacting systems. The contributions in this section assume a somewhat less sophisticated audience than the two subsequent sections. At least a portion of each article inevitably covers material that might also be found in a modern, undergraduate physical chemistry text. METHODS: the instrumentation and fundamental theory employed in the major spectroscopic techniques, the experimental means for characterizing materials, the instrumentation and basic theory employed in the study of chemical kinetics, and the computational techniques used to predict the static and dynamic properties of materials. APPLICATIONS: specific topics of current interest and intensive research.For the practicing physicist or chemist, this encyclopedia is the place to start when confronted with a new problem or when the techniques of an unfamiliar area might be exploited. For a graduate student in chemistry or physics, the encyclopedia gives a synopsis of the basics and an overview of the range of activities in which physical principles are applied to chemical problems. It will lead any of these groups to the salient points of a new field as rapidly as possible and gives pointers as to where to read about the topic in more detail.

The focus of this book is surface modification, with the goal of tailoring materials for a specific application. By means of this approach, ideal bulk properties of a material, such as its tensile strength (temperature stability, density, or even cost) can be combined with optimized surface properties, such as hardness, biocompatibility, low or high friction or adhesion, water repellency or wettability, or catalytic activity.The works of the author — many of his crucial papers are included — deal with the understanding and modification of surfaces and span fields including catalysis, analytical surface science, self-assembled monolayers, tribology, biomaterials, superhydrophobicity and polymer coatings.

Man lubricates mostly with oil. Nature lubricates exclusively with water. Pure water is a poor lubricant, but the addition of proteins, especially glycoproteins, can modify surfaces to make them far more lubricating at slow speeds. Understanding how nature does this, and the physical structures involved, is not only important for the understanding of diseases such as osteoarthritis, but also essential for the successful application of articulating implants, such as hips and knees, as well as the development of medical devices such as catheters and contact lenses. A host of important applications of water-based lubrication are already in place in the personal care and food industries, and further industrial applications of water-based lubrication could have a significant positive impact on the environment.This book is the first of its kind. It brings together the latest research in biological and biomimetic, water-based lubrication and is authored by the world's experts in the field.

This book is a compilation of witty and insightful short pieces on scientific developments in the science of friction, lubrication and wear. It focuses on topics that are of interest to practicing scientists, engineers and students in tribology and related areas, and deals with novel and intriguing aspects of this important field. In addition, landmarks of the last decade of tribology are covered, including new world records for low friction and breakthroughs in measurement technology. This anthology, which was originally published over a decade as columns entitled "Cutting Edge" in Tribology & Lubrication Technology magazine of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, is both educational and entertaining. While the style is eminently readable, each column is accompanied by references to the relevant literature.