Nicholas S. Vonortas - Böcker

This text seeks to provide an empirical and theoretical analysis of a distinct form of inter-firm collaboration in research and development (R&D): research joint ventures (RJVs). Of all types of co-operation, RJVs have received the most attention in both formal industrial organization and science and technology policy literature. The emerging theoretical economic literature on incentives of firms to join RJVs has not been followed by much empirical work. The volume attempts to fill a void caused by this lack of consistent data on the rate of RJV formation, RJV characteristics, and RJV member characteristics. Significant attention is paid to the role of RJVs in facilitating "virtual" firm diversification as necessary to pursue particular technological objectives. An effort is also made to blend the reported theoretical and empirical analyses with conceptual models of the process of technological innovation and models of industrial evolution in order to provide answers beyond the reach of the received economic theory. The book should be of interest to academic economists, policy makers, and business representatives.The microeconomic issues the book deals with overlap significantly with the interests of decision makers both in government and business.

There has been a dramatic increase in expenditures on public goods over the past thirty years, particularly in the area of research and development. As governments explore the many opportunities for growth in this area, they - and the general public - are becoming increasingly concerned with the transparency, accountability and performance of public programs. This pioneering Handbook offers a collection of critical essays on the theory and practice of program evaluation, written by some of the most well-known experts in the field.As this volume demonstrates, a wide variety of methodologies exists to evaluate particularly the objectives and outcomes of research and development programs. These include surveys, statistical and econometric estimations, patent analyses, bibliometrics, scientometrics, network analyses, case studies, and historical tracings. Contributors divide these and other methods and applications into four categories - economic, non-economic, hybrid and data-driven - in order to discuss the many factors that affect the utility of each technique and how that impacts the technological, economic and societal forecasts of the programs in question.Scholars, practitioners and students with an interest in economics and innovation will all find this Handbook an invaluable resource.Contributors include: S. Arvanitis, B. Bozeman, S. Casault, S.E. Casey, I. Feller, M.P. Gallaher, D.O. Gray, A.J. Groen, D. Hicks, J.E. Jankowski, G.B. Jordan, G. Kingsley, A.N. Link, J.D. Linton, R.J. Loomis, J. Melkers, A.C. O Connor, D. Rivers, R. Ruegg, J.T. Scott, P. Thomas, N.S. Vonortas

This book advances our knowledge on intangibles and their role in productivity growth, presenting a unique multi-level perspective. It encompasses micro, meso, and macro approaches that build upon firm-, industry-, and country-level data and introduces novel layers of analysis.A variety of empirical instruments are used in the book, such as a large-scale international survey, input-output analysis, register data, etc., thus displaying fresh, comparative evidence for Europe, the USA, China, Korea, and Japan. The book also examines the subject within the global value chain context, which is one of the most relevant phenomena of recent decades, and assesses cross-country trends, drawing on a unique industry-level database of intangible assets, based on production input data from all over the world.The book offers new insights on how to measure intangibles, how they contribute to productivity growth, and how policy can help foster intangibles investments and growth. It will therefore be of great interest to scholars, researchers, and advanced students in the fields of economic growth, innovation, technology, and business management.

This book advances our knowledge on intangibles and their role in productivity growth, presenting a unique multi-level perspective. It encompasses micro, meso, and macro approaches that build upon firm-, industry-, and country-level data and introduces novel layers of analysis.A variety of empirical instruments are used in the book, such as a large-scale international survey, input-output analysis, register data, etc., thus displaying fresh, comparative evidence for Europe, the USA, China, Korea, and Japan. The book also examines the subject within the global value chain context, which is one of the most relevant phenomena of recent decades, and assesses cross-country trends, drawing on a unique industry-level database of intangible assets, based on production input data from all over the world.The book offers new insights on how to measure intangibles, how they contribute to productivity growth, and how policy can help foster intangibles investments and growth. It will therefore be of great interest to scholars, researchers, and advanced students in the fields of economic growth, innovation, technology, and business management.

Cooperation in Research and Development provides an empirical and theoretical analysis of a distinct form of inter-firm collaboration in Research & Development (R&D): research joint ventures (RJVs). Of all types of cooperation, RJVs have received the most attention in both formal industrial organization and science and technology policy literature. The emerging theoretical economic literature on incentives of firms to join RJVs has not been followed by much empirical work. Cooperation in Research and Development attempts to fill the void caused by this lack of consistent data on the rate of RJV formation, RJV characteristics, and RJV member characteristics. Significant attention is paid to the role of RJVs in facilitating `virtual' firm diversification as necessary to pursue particular technological objectives. An effort is also made to blend the reported theoretical and empirical analyses with conceptual models of the process of technological innovation and models of industrial evolution in order to provide answers beyond the reach of the received economic theory. Cooperation in Research and Development should be of interest to academic economists, policy makers, and business representatives. The microeconomic issues the book deals with overlap significantly with the interests of decision makers both in government and business.

This book provides a concise introduction to important aspects of contemporary innovation policy, with particular emphasis on its impact on economic growth and development. It addresses a non-specialist audience interested in quickly building background knowledge, getting familiar with the terminology, and understanding core concerns and debates in this area of policy. The book has its origins in a more extensive report to the World Bank prepared to impart background information to middle- and upper-level policy decision-makers and analysts as well as stakeholders from industry and universities from developing countries prior to engaging in intensive “how-to” policy training. Our audience also includes upper-level undergraduate and graduate students embarking on the study of innovation policy.Featuring contributions from leading scholars and policy experts, this volume references critical readings presents a wide array of data, on the following topics:Fundamentals of Innovation Policy for Growth and Development University Entrepreneurship Strategic Alliances / Knowledge-Intensive Partnerships Clusters / Science Parks / Knowledge Business Incubators High Risk Finance Intellectual Property, Standards

Public procurement for innovation (PPI) is a demand-side innovation policy instrument. It occurs when a public organization places an order for the fulfillment of certain functions or needs, which cannot be met at that moment or within a reasonable period of time through a new or improved product.Providing evidence of the benefits to public and private actors from selective use of this policy instrument, this book illustrates the requirements and constraints for its operationalization. It significantly improves our knowledge of the key determinants of effective public procurement, aiming to promote innovative capabilities in the supplying sectors and beyond. It also provides case studies and conceptual contributions that help extend the frontier of our understanding in areas where there are still significant knowledge gaps.Scholars interested in the study of innovation policies and practitioners involved in the design, implementation and evaluation of PPI will benefit from this state-of-the-art exploration.Contributors: Y. Caloghirou, J. Edler, C. Edquist, A.T. Furtado, L. Georghiou, Y. Li, J. Nauta, P. Panaghiotopoulos, A. Protogerou, C. Garcia Ribeiro, J. Rigby, M. Rolfstam, L. Tsipouri, E. Uyarra, V. Valovirta, H. van Meerveld, N.S. Vonortas, G. Whyles, J. Yeow, J.M. Zabala-Iturriagagoitia

The last twenty years have witnessed a tremendous increase in industrial collaboration in research and development (R&D) both in Europe and the world at large. Firms have increasingly opted for collaboration in an effort to deal with the uncertainties that stem from rising research costs, rapid technological change and the development of a network economy. Governments have been quick to support this trend in order to promote competitiveness and, in the European context, to foster cohesion. The contributions collected in this volume focus explicitly on cooperative R&D in Europe. The first part of the book offers empirical evidence on the extent, scope and direction of this collaboration and explores the motives and problems of the participating firms, as well as the perceived benefits they have enjoyed. The second part deals with the difficult policy issues that diverse national R&D regimes create for successful cooperative research and international convergence. The extensive survey results of European firms allow the authors to compare collaborative research policies in various EU countries and contrast the policy design that has emerged in the EU with that of the USA.This book offers the most comprehensive account of collaborative industrial research in Europe and explores both the business strategies that have motivated it and the public policies that have promoted it. Academics, graduate students, government agencies and European institutions involved in science and technology policy and R&D management will find this volume to be invaluable. It will also be of great practical use to companies interested in forming strategic technical alliances.

As a result of globalization, strategies for investments in innovation capabilities have gained considerably in importance for businesses, research institutions and policymakers. Public policy has to provide conditions for investments in R&D and innovation that are internationally attractive and effective in stimulating innovation, economic growth and job creation. This book focuses on the changing roles and challenges of innovation and growth policy, and the strategies and measures that are critical in a globalizing world. It provides guidance for innovation policy strategy formulations and design of innovation policy measures.Globalization and the innovation imperative towards sustained economic growth require a major renewal and deepening of public policy thinking and strategies. This book focuses on these policy challenges, and the policy strategies and measures that are critical for innovation and growth in a globalizing world. Topics include: globalization and offshoring of software, the multilateral trading system and competition, innovative entrepreneurship, research frameworks and innovation awards, the globalization of converging nanotechnologies, and the relationship between knowledge and innovation.Science and technology policy makers, university professors and graduate students in public policy, innovation, business and economics will find much of value in this book.

This informative book provides an extensive study in the fields of industry structure, firm strategy and public policy through the use of network concepts and indicators. It also elucidates many of the complexities and challenges involved. The contributors explore the role of networks in industries, reflecting a belief that some of the most important analytical and policy questions related to networks must fully consider the industry level. This includes examining the very structure of industries, the role of relationships in different sectoral systems of production and innovation, and the delineation of real industry boundaries. Innovation Networks in Industries will be a useful enhancement to the studies of postgraduate students in the fields of innovation, industrial economics and strategy. It will also be an invaluable guidance tool for academic researchers and policy-makers.