Nicolas Lebourg – författare

In Europe today, staunchly nationalist parties such as France’s National Front and the Austrian Freedom Party are identified as far-right movements, though supporters seldom embrace that label. More often, “far right” is pejorative, used by liberals to tar these groups with the taint of Fascism, Nazism, and other discredited ideologies. Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg’s critical look at the far right throughout Europe—from the United Kingdom to France, Germany, Poland, Italy, and elsewhere—reveals a prehistory and politics more complex than the stereotypes suggest and warns of the challenges these movements pose to the EU’s liberal-democratic order.The European far right represents a confluence of many ideologies: nationalism, socialism, anti-Semitism, authoritarianism. In the first half of the twentieth century, the radical far right achieved its apotheosis in the regimes of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. But these movements have evolved significantly since 1945, as Far-Right Politics in Europe makes clear. The 1980s marked a turning point in political fortunes, as national-populist parties began winning seats in European parliaments. Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in the United States, a new wave has unfurled, one that is explicitly anti-immigrant and Islamophobic in outlook.Though Europe’s far-right parties differ in important respects, they are motivated by a common sense of mission: to save their homelands from what they view as the corrosive effects of multiculturalism and globalization by creating a closed-off, ethnically homogeneous society. Members of these movements are increasingly determined to gain power through legitimate electoral means. In democracies across Europe, they are succeeding.

Este libro, escrito por dos grandes expertos en la historia del Front National de Le Pen, define y describe las diferentes familias de los movimientos de extrema derecha vivos en los países miembros de la Unión Europea y en Rusia.Bucea en su origen, pero se centra en la historia reciente de estos movimientos, en sus programas ideológicos y en su visión del mundo. Expone sus resultados electorales y la sociología de su electorado para esclarecer el "denominador común" que los reúne, aun cuando su heterogeneidad y sus particularidades nacionales no permitan pensar en una "internacional de la extrema derecha".Contrariamente a las teorías facilistas en boga, los autores sostienen que es un error explicar el ascenso de los partidos nacionalistas, populistas y xenófobos por la sola variable de la crisis económica y que su público creciente es más bien el síntoma de un profundo cuestionamiento de los marcos tradicionales de la identidad europea. Esta edición en castellano cuenta con un epílogo original de los autores y un prólogo de Antonio Maestre dedicado al más reciente caso español, Vox.