Owen P Jenkins – författare

Finches are the most popularly kept passerine species within aviculture. The zoonotic diseases of Fringillidae have always been a major concern for owners. Various viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and allergenic agents of Aves are able to transmit to humans. In the opening chapter of this compilatio, emphasis will be placed on the significance of each of the mentioned agents for public health. Specific subjects such as the epidemiology, economic significance, public health significance, transmission, clinical signs, diagnostic procedures and principle of disease prevention are examined, thus making owners aware of the serious threat of finches.Next, the authors discuss the way in which various information from the environment exerts strong selective pressure on the sensory systems of the organism, leading the organism through distinct paths in the adaptive evolutionary process. The visual system is responsible for capturing and processing light information. This system has developed in different ways during the evolutionary history of vertebrates, based on specific demands of the species. A review of these characteristics of the visual system of snakes will be addressed and discussed.In one study, the authors aim to fill the gap in knowledge regarding the nesting habits and specific biology of Melipona colimana, a stingless bee endemic to pine-oak tree forests in western Mexico. Nesting in these trees may be detrimental to the bees because this tree species is commonly used by humans to produce oak charcoal, a practice that destroys nesting sites.In the following chapter, the authors go on to introduce different types of ant nests with multiple queens, and providing examples of two species (Polyrhachis moesta and Camponotus yamaokai) with polygynous nests. The authors discuss how and why the number of queens varies, proposing that the plasticity of the number of queens is a strategy for successful colony founding, colony growth, and colony survival in ants.The identity of the elements of the hyobranchial skeleton in snakes is a controversy that has not been addressed recently. The single set of paired elements has been considered to be ceratohyals or extensions of the hypohyal, first ceratobranchials and second ceratobranchials in both the same and different groups of snakes. The morphology of this region in snakes is re-evaluated in terms of muscle anatomy, focusing on booid and colubroid snakes. The implications of the spatial separation of the tongue and the larynx from the hyobranchial skeleton are also discussed.The relationship between obesity/hypercholesterolemia and the decrease in male fertility has been reported clinically and in experimental models. The effect of high cholesterol intake and its impact in different tissue/organs has also been described in several animals models. But few documents focus on the addition of natural products to food as a protective diet, in order to avoid sperm alterations. In the final chapter, New Zealand male rabbits fed with a high-fat diet were associated with deleterious changes in semen and sperm cells. The reported alterations include: decreased semen volume and sperm count and an increase in abnormal sperm morphology.

The opening chapter of Advances in Animal Science and Zoology. Volume 13 reviews the parasite morphology, genetic variability, transmission dynamics in both intermediate and definitive hosts and the parasite-host relationship, emphasizing the metabolic and physiologic alterations in hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. In the second chapter, nematode biology is examined in the context of understanding the infective juveniles persistence, distribution, and effect on insect populations. Potential entomopathogenic nematodes species are identified by distribution, survival, persistence, infectivity of wide host range. Continuing, the authors attempt to explain how Rocky Mountain elk, generally are considered a northern montane ungulate, survive in the Oscura Mountains, a Chihuahuan Desert range located in south-central New Mexico, US. Additionally, this compilation discusses how the effect of predation on ungulates remains contentious, at least in part due to a lack appreciation for the importance of local environmental conditions on predator-prey relationships. The authors study insect pollinators’ status of Talbotiella gentii for five years, focusing on the flowers of the trees in five locations, determining that there were no animal pollinators present. This is a major threat and could lead to the extinction of the species. The next section proposes that despite the industrialization of Rourkela, the butterfly diversity at the National Institute of Technology (NIT) campus is not very affected. Moreover, it suggests the need for taking up conservation measures to sustain the butterfly faunal diversity of the NIT campus. Subsequently, catfish are examined due to their potential influence on aquatic ecosystems. The catfish population can dispose of up to 26% of the total fish biomass, therefore it plays an important role in the biomanipulation of many freshwater systems. Methods for capturing catfish are also evaluated. It is determined that the most effective method is the use of long-lines simulating angling with a supporting buoy, as it predominantly results in the fish being caught alive. Only a low mortality rate is connected with the method of long-lines in comparison to other methods. The authors discuss European catfish, a large species with only a few competitors likely to be apparent in any locality. Moreover, the additional threat of hybridization between the invasive European catfish and closely related native species is explored. The author’s attempt to predict the forage potential in three forest tree species based on tree species and size, focusing on species commonly consumed by red deer, namely aspen, goat willow, and rowan. The final chapter presents various types of snakes by geography and clinical manifestations according to known venom toxins, thus allowing clinicians to treat the patient even when specific identification is not possible.

Advances in Animal Science and Zoology. Volume 14 first explores progress in drone-based research methods applied to animal ecology, in terms of applications to the field study of large birds of prey. Drone-based research methods have evolved out of the larger technology field of geomatics and are entwined with developments in GPS and biotelemetry, which enable accurate location recording, image capture and specimen behavioral assessment. Next, the authors discuss how our understanding of the reproductive physiology of male honeybees has advanced due to improved breeding techniques in apiculture, especially artificial insemination. A bioindicator is an organism sensitive to environmental changes and, therefore, its absence or scarcity indicates that there is some factor that is modifying the normal conditions of the environment. In one study, the authors explore the way in which amphibians are excellent bioindicators. Mitochondria-rich cells are integral component of the heterocellular amphibian skin epithelium and common to all species, participating in Cl- conductance and H+ secretion. As such, a graphic cell model is used to describe the Cl- conductance pathway based on the available data. The molecular basis of this complex pathway remains to be explored. Four species of closely related Iguanian lizards coexist along the length of the pampean coastal sand dunes of Argentina in assemblages with different combinations that vary from two to four species, according to the locality. The authors examine community organization and species coexistence of these assemblages at two scales: local and regional. The lizard endemic in the Coachella Valley, a region including cities aiming to benefit from a burgeoning second home-golf resort market, is explored. The entire range of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) was restricted to a 33,500 ha sand dune system that occupied the center of the valley. By 1980 over 95% of that sand dune system was developed or fragmented into parcels too small support lizard populations. The penultimate chapter reviews a number of factors that impinge on shoal-mate choice in fish, including body coloration and pattern, body size, shoal size, sex, behavior, and background coloration. The objective of the concluding work is to compare the size of the right and left bulls of the Tursiops truncates, as well as between males and females. Six morphometric measurements of eight organisms were obtained and a student t was applied for comparison with a significance of p less than 0.05.

Advances in Animal Science and Zoology. Volume 15 begins by presenting the main advances of artificial insemination and timed artificial insemination, highlighting the technical parameters, advantages, and influencing factors in an effort to discuss practical and current strategies for the improvement of the herd via artificial insemination programs. Following this, the authors provide current knowledge on the influence of insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus in India, as well as the governing molecular mechanisms including gene interactions and gene regulation. The potential impact of the latest findings on aspects of research in the field, associated issues and probable solutions is also addressed. A study on eusocial Hymenoptera, a large order of insect, is included. The factors that determine castes are addressed, and the varying methods of initiation of reproduction by workers in primitive and advanced eusocial species are outlined. This compilation goes on to discuss Mycoplasma synoviae, an important poultry pathogen that causes airsacculitis, synovitis, and eggshell apex abnormalities. M. synoviae infections cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry due to the culling of birds, increased carcass condemnation and decreased egg production. The authors review the most relevant scientific contributions to the understanding of brain mechanisms related to working memory using macaques as a study model. The neurophysiological mechanisms of working memory in the macaque have been thoroughly explored, which has given rise to unprecedented advances in the understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie this type of memory in other mammals, including humans. The conclusion centers on the utmost task of a biologist: knowing the taxonomic status of the organism on which the study is focused. A taxonomist fulfills this task by distinguishing the salient characteristics of the organism concerned, giving it an appropriate name and placing it to taxonomic hierarchies.

Advances in Animal Science and Zoology. Volume 16 begins with a focus on entomopathogenic nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, which can be used successfully to control a wide range of agricultural insect pests. Following this, the authors discuss the potential use of silver nanoparticles for the control of mosquito vectors and other coinhabiting species. The green synthesis of these nanoparticles, along with spectroscopic and microscopic techniques employed for primary and secondary phase measurements, is considered at length. The metathoracic flight apparatus of the honey-bee Apis mellifera is discussed, representing a highly specialized system for turning manoeuvres which is capable of generating unilateral modifications of the aerodynamic effect of the whole double-wing. Novel advancements in regenerative engineering utilizing various biomaterials and engineering techniques are discussed, offering a hopeful outlook for patients with severe urologic dysfunction or damage with limited options. The authors explore how gases produced through the fermentation of feedstuffs may be screened and analyzed to assess the production and emission of greenhouse gases related to their consumption and degradation. The concluding study aims to identify the defoliating fall armyworm of the genus Spodoptera and assess the severity of damage they cause to maize plants in the municipality of Djougou in northern Benin.

This monograph contains six chapters, each describing a recent advancement in animal science and zoology. Chapter One discusses recent developments in the knowledge of diapause in silkworm as well as the overall genomics of silkworm. Chapter Two reviews past studies and publications to provide a holistic understanding of the relationship between terrestrial mammals and mineral licks in the tropical rainforest of Malaysia. Chapter Three describes the effects of prenatal undernutrition in animal production systems. Chapter Four explores the relationships among straw-colored fruit bats, particularly in connection with kin preference. Chapter Five deals with the functions of red blood cells in rainbow trout. Finally, Chapter Six details the history of the discovery of amphibian species in India.

This monograph contains six chapters, each describing a recent advancement in animal science and zoology. Chapter One discusses the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations registered 36.6 Mio Old World camelids (dromedaries and Bactrian camels) worldwide of which 1.42 Mio are in countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Chapter Two explores the piggery sector is one of the prime occupations for the poor and marginal farmers of developing countries. Most of the pig husbandry in the developing countries is mainly dependent on a backyard system where the use of indiscriminate antibiotics cannot be obsoleted. Chapter Three authors’ discussed about musculature of the Drosophila and then about the various behavioural traits which are studied by related behavioural assays and are utilized to assess and isolate the muscle mutants wherein the proper formation and functioning of the muscles have been hampered during the biphasic muscle development. Chapter Four studied hemiptera is the most speciose order of the hemimetabolous insects with four suborders. One of them is the Auchenorrhyncha, which comprises of two infraorders, the Fulgomorpha and Cicadomorpha, with the latter as the subject of the current study. Chapter Five studied that aphids can be severe pests of crop plants. Aphids have such high reproductive potential and a short development time, which can quickly lead to the development of resistance to a wide assortment of insecticides. Chapter Six demonstrate an interplay between phylogenetic conservatism, behavioral flexibility, and ecological opportunity in shaping species richness and functional diversity from regional avifaunas to local communities. Chapter Seven studies carried out in the world and in our country have revealed that Aphids (Aphidoidea) belonging to suborder of the Sterrnorhynca (Hemiptera) are among the most common and harmful insect groups in cultivated and uncultivated plants. Finally, Chapter Eight reviews matching to sample (MTS) is an experimental task for assessing the ability of nonverbal organisms to categorize stimuli. Successful performance indicates the ability to perceive relations between a sample and comparison stimuli.

This volume includes seven chapters, each of which detail recent advancements in animal science and zoology. Chapter One reviews the available literature on the behavioral aspects of the pest Bemisia tabaci. Chapter Two describes the similarities between canine and human lymphoma. Chapter Three discusses the diversity, threats, and behavior of freshwater fish with particular reference to Indonesia. Chapter Four studies endocrine and enzymatic functions on complex behavior of freshwater fishes. Chapter Five deals with the behavior of fish reproduction and examines the effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors on fish behavior. Chapter Six focuses on lower urinary tract disease in guinea pigs. Finally, Chapter Seven includes a study of helminth fauna found in 26 specimens of Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillate.

This volume includes six chapters that present updates in animal science and zoology. Chapter One examines the use of zebrafish model system to investigate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Chapter Two consolidates facts about melatonin and its involvement in the regulation of fish populations. Chapter Three explores the interaction between the native aquatic gastropod, Valvata humeralis, and invasive aquatic gastropod, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, along a biotic gradient of density in a system where it was suspected that an interaction shift was occurring. Chapter Four explores competition and facilitation between these two gastropods. Chapter Five analyzes the role of superoxide dismutase in reptiles under toxicity contexts. Lastly, Chapter Six analyzes and assesses the corpses of three English Bulldog puppies that had anasarca, a fetal malformation that presents generalized edema.