P. Freeman – författare

"Software engineering" is a term which was coined in the late 1960's as the theme for a workshop on the problems involved in producing software that could be developed economicaLly and would run reliably on real machines. Even now, software engineering is more of a wish than a reality, but the last few years have seen an increased awareness of the need to apply an engineering-type discipline to the design and construction of software systems. Many new proposals have been made for the management of software development and maintenance and many methodologies have been suggested for improving the programming process. As these problems and solutions become better understood, there is a growing need to teach these concepts to students and to practicing professionals. As a prelude to the educational process, it is necessary to gain an understanding of the software design and development process in industry and government, to define the appropriate job categories, and to identify the fundamental content areas of soft­ ware engineering. The need for quality education in software engineering is now recognized by practitioners and educators alike, and various educational endeavors in this area are now being formulated. Yet, discussions we had had over the past year or so led us to believe that there was insufficient contact between practitioners and educators, with the resultant danger that each group would go off in separate ways rather than working together.

For a full month in the autumn of 1812 the 2,000-strong garrison of the fortress the French had constructed to overawe the city of Burgos defied the Duke of Wellington. In this work a leading historian of the Peninsular teams up with a leading conflict archaeologist to examine the reasons for Wellington's failure.