P. Saravanan – författare

In the nineteenth century, Tamil Nadu in South India and the Tamil-speaking regions of Sri Lanka were shaken by an extraordinary literary and religious conflict-a nearly fifty-year-long battle of wits that divided vertically Tamil scholarship across both societies.At the heart of this storm lay the collected hymns of Vallalar, titled Tiruvarutpa (Poems of Divine Grace) by his followers. However, these hymns were fiercely opposed and rejected by Navalar and his traditionalist allies, who dismissed them as Marutpa (Poems of Delusion), arguing that the sacred epithet Tiruvarutpa belonged solely to the ancient Saivite texts.This historical study chronicles and delves into the bitter feud between Vallalar, the revolutionary saint-poet who championed a simple, ritual-free, and iconoclastic form of worship, and Arumuka Navalar, the staunch defender of traditional Saivite orthodoxy. Their ideological clash not only shaped the religious and literary landscape of their time but also left a lasting impact on Tamil culture and spirituality.

In the nineteenth century, Tamil Nadu in South India and the Tamil-speaking regions of Sri Lanka were shaken by an extraordinary literary and religious conflict-a nearly fifty-year-long battle of wits that divided vertically Tamil scholarship across both societies.At the heart of this storm lay the collected hymns of Vallalar, titled Tiruvarutpa (Poems of Divine Grace) by his followers. However, these hymns were fiercely opposed and rejected by Navalar and his traditionalist allies, who dismissed them as Marutpa (Poems of Delusion), arguing that the sacred epithet Tiruvarutpa belonged solely to the ancient Saivite texts.This historical study chronicles and delves into the bitter feud between Vallalar, the revolutionary saint-poet who championed a simple, ritual-free, and iconoclastic form of worship, and Arumuka Navalar, the staunch defender of traditional Saivite orthodoxy. Their ideological clash not only shaped the religious and literary landscape of their time but also left a lasting impact on Tamil culture and spirituality.

In the nineteenth century, Tamil Nadu in South India and the Tamil-speaking regions of Sri Lanka were shaken by an extraordinary literary and religious conflict—a nearly fifty-year-long battle of wits that divided vertically Tamil scholarship across both societies.At the heart of this storm lay the collected hymns of Vaḷḷalār, titled Tiruvaruṭpā (Poems of Divine Grace) by his followers. However, these hymns were fiercely opposed and rejected by Nāvalar and his traditionalist allies, who dismissed them as Maruṭpā (Poems of Delusion), arguing that the sacred epithet Tiruvaruṭpā belonged solely to the ancient Saivite texts.This historical study chronicles and delves into the bitter feud between Vaḷḷalār, the revolutionary saint-poet who championed a simple, ritual-free, and iconoclastic form of worship, and Āṟumuka Nāvalar, the staunch defender of traditional Saivite orthodoxy. Their ideological clash not only shaped the religious and literary landscape of their time but also left a lasting impact on Tamil culture and spirituality.

Compounded with the emergence of information technology, information services have become more complex. In order to break the bottleneck in providing information services, the information behavior of the user community must be studied and library staff must be effectively trained to identify, adapt, and satisfy the information needs of every type of information seeker.Innovations in the Designing and Marketing of Information Services provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of improving and expanding information resources and services in a cost-effective way and enables librarians to plan and present information services for the betterment of civil society. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as e-resources, knowledge ethics, and user-friendly technology, this book is ideally designed for librarians, information scientists, behavioral scientists, information technologists, marketers, marketing executives, academicians, researchers, and students.

Compounded with the emergence of information technology, information services have become more complex. In order to break the bottleneck in providing information services, the information behavior of the user community must be studied and library staff must be effectively trained to identify, adapt, and satisfy the information needs of every type of information seeker. Innovations in the Designing and Marketing of Information Services provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of improving and expanding information resources and services in a cost-effective way and enables librarians to plan and present information services for the betterment of civil society. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as e-resources, knowledge ethics, and user-friendly technology, this book is ideally designed for librarians, information scientists, behavioral scientists, information technologists, marketers, marketing executives, academicians, researchers, and students.