Paul Scholz – författare

Federal agencies and our nation’s critical infrastructures, such as communications and financial services, are dependent on information technology systems and electronic data to carry out operations and to process, maintain, and report essential information. Yet, cyber-based intrusions and attacks on federal and nonfederal systems have become not only more numerous and diverse, but also more damaging and disruptive as discussed in chapter 1. The IRS has a demanding responsibility to collect taxes, process tax returns, and enforce the nation’s tax laws. It relies extensively on computerized systems to support its financial and mission-related operations and on information security controls to protect the sensitive financial and taxpayer information that reside on those systems. As part of its audit of IRS’s fiscal year 2017 and 2016 financial statements, GAO assessed whether controls over financial and tax processing systems were effective in ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of financial and sensitive taxpayer information as reported in chapter 2. Reliance on a global supply chain introduces multiple risks to federal information systems. Chapter 3 highlights information security risks associated with the supply chains used by federal agencies to procure IT systems. The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) collects and maintains personal data on millions of individuals, including data related to security clearance investigations. In June 2015, OPM reported that an intrusion into its systems had affected the personnel records of about 4.2 million current and former federal employees. Then, in July 2015, the agency reported that a separate but related incident had compromised its systems and the files related to background investigations for 21.5 million individuals. From February 2015 through August 2017, multiple reviews of OPM’s information security were conducted. Four reports based on these reviews were issued. The reports contained 80 recommendations for improving the agency’s security posture. Chapter 4 reviews relevant documents and artifacts reflecting OPM''s actions and progress toward implementing the 80 recommendations contained in the four reports, and assessed the actions against the intent of the recommendations. CDC is responsible for detecting and responding to emerging health threats and controlling dangerous substances. In carrying out its mission, CDC relies on information technology systems to receive, process, and maintain sensitive data. Accordingly, effective information security controls are essential to ensure that the agency’s systems and information are protected from misuse and modification. Chapter 5 reviews the extent to which CDC has taken corrective actions to address the previously identified security program and technical control deficiencies and related recommendations for improvement. Federal agencies are dependent on information systems to carry out operations. The risks to these systems are increasing as security threats evolve and become more sophisticated. To reduce the risk of a successful cyberattack, agencies can deploy intrusion detection and prevention capabilities on their networks and systems. Chapter 6 determined the reported effectiveness of agencies’ implementation of the government’s approach and strategy; the extent to which DHS and OMB have taken steps to facilitate the use of intrusion detection and prevention capabilities to secure federal systems; and the extent to which agencies reported implementing capabilities to detect and prevent intrusions. Recent large-scale data breaches of public and private entities have put hundreds of millions of people at risk of identity theft or other harm. Chapter 7 reviews issues related to consumers’ options to address risks of harm from data breaches and examines information and expert views on the effectiveness of consumer options to address data breach risks. While Chapter 8 considers the answer to this question: what legal obligations do Internet companies have to prevent and respond to data breaches? Then discusses several factors Congress might consider when weighing future legislation.

Template, Example from the year 2016 in the subject Engineering - General, grade: A, Tsinghua University, language: English, abstract: This paper provides an exemplary Failure Modes and Effects Analysis for a flashlight. Contents include:- Introduction of FMEA, History, General Facts and Benefits- Types of FMEA- Method Description - Preparing the object for FMEA- Product Structure, Structural Tree, Functions, Functional Tree, Possible Failures, Malfunction Tree, Failure Trees, - FMEA Form example- Pareto Analysis.

Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Orientalism / Sinology - Chinese / China, grade: 1,3, Tsinghua University, language: English, abstract: The Chinese Cultural Revolution, also well known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution - Wuchanjieji Wenhua Dageming, describes a unparalleled and from the top established revolution launched by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) chairman Mao Zedong during his very last period in power (1966-76) to restore the spirit of the Chinese Revolution (Lieberthal 2016). Mao Zedong during this time feared that China possibly could develop like the Soviet Russian nation did and he did not want China to follow their example. He was very concerned about China s and his own place in history and therefore did not hesitate to throw China s cities into chaos in a big effort to reverse the historic processes which were on their way obviously. Plenty of the events during this period of this time are without equal in the modern world s history. After the catastrophic Great Leap Forward, in which according to some sources more than 45 million people died, Mao Zedong decided to take a passive role in governing China. More practical and moderately oriented leaders, such as Vice-Chairman Liu Shaoqi and Premier Zhou Enlai, introduced soft economic reforms founding on individual incentives such as allowing private people to farm their own land an effort to rebuild and strengthen the heavily harmed economy (Leese 2016). Mao disliked such actions, as they went against the principles of pure communism in which he believed deeply. In fact, China s economy grew sustainably from 1962 to 1965 with the more conservative economic policies applying (Stanford 2001). [...]

Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, grade: 1,7, Tsinghua University, language: English, abstract: This research investigates a manufacturer's optimal capacity auditing policy in the principal-agent context facing asymmetric information. Supply chain coordination through supplier capacity auditing has the ability to affect both supply chain efficiency and risk management challenges. So far not a lot of research on principal-agent relationships in the manufacturing context has been performed - specifically not on supplier capacity auditing with one party facing asymmetric information. The basic assumption of this model is the contracting relationship of one manufacturer and one supplier. A price-quantity schedule is offered by manufacturer and the supplier selects one single-period fixed-price contract without any further communication and negotiation. The manufacturer s decision according to the price-quantity schedules offered is upon order quantity, transfer payment and the audit application probability. The supplier s production capacity is known to the supplier at all times but unknown to the manufacturer. In addition to that, the demand is stochastically distributed and concretizes after both parties agreed about the contract. Basic profit functions of the manufacturer and the supplier are adjusted to match the requirements of the manufacturing context. In order to derive optimal closed form solutions, the equations are modified following an approach of Laffont and Martimort. An optimal capacity audit mechanism for a manufacturer who procures components from a supplier possessing private capacity information is pointed out.