Paul van den Akker – författare

Studies of Old Masters are often implicitly based on modern notions, which do not necessarily tally with ideas contemporary with their art. According to one such tacit assumption a work of art gains its status from the quality of the abstract pictorial composition made up of lines and colours. Whether discussing a medieval altarpiece, or a fresco by Raphael, it is customary to relate its artistic value to the abstract formal language into which the figures or narratives are translated, and not to the power of the visual illusion which is conjured up by the work of art.Referring to the ideas of art historians, critics and philosophers including Hogarth, Caylus, Goethe, Schnaase, Burckhardt, Wölfflin and Shearman, this theoretically revolutionary study questions the historical validity of this view by tracking down its origins back to the eighteenth century and then following its evolution up to the present day. Paying particular attention to the historiography of Mannerism, it scrutinises the influence that this view has had on aesthetic judgments over the past three centuries. A perfect companion for anyone engaged with aesthetics, this book offers a valuable contribution to the discussion surrounding the principles and values in art history.

Studies of Old Masters are often implicitly based on modern notions, which do not necessarily tally with ideas contemporary with their art. According to one such tacit assumption a work of art gains its status from the quality of the abstract pictorial composition made up of lines and colours. Whether discussing a medieval altarpiece, or a fresco by Raphael, it is customary to relate its artistic value to the abstract formal language into which the figures or narratives are translated, and not to the power of the visual illusion which is conjured up by the work of art.Referring to the ideas of art historians, critics and philosophers including Hogarth, Caylus, Goethe, Schnaase, Burckhardt, Wölfflin and Shearman, this theoretically revolutionary study questions the historical validity of this view by tracking down its origins back to the eighteenth century and then following its evolution up to the present day. Paying particular attention to the historiography of Mannerism, it scrutinises the influence that this view has had on aesthetic judgments over the past three centuries. A perfect companion for anyone engaged with aesthetics, this book offers a valuable contribution to the discussion surrounding the principles and values in art history.

This work analyses ritual practices and knowledge related to the Mesoamerican calendar with the aim of contributing to the understanding of the use and conceptualization of this calendar system in the contemporary K'iche' community of Momostenango, in the Highlands of Guatemala. The research presented here discusses the indigenous calendar system, forms of synergy between the Christian and the Highland Guatemalan calendar, the indigenous perception of history and continuity in time-related symbolism. Van den Akker argues that the social role of cultural anthropologists and archaeologists is to contribute to the ongoing process of cultural healing and spiritual recovery of the peoples that suffer(ed) from colonization and oppression. This study therefore places an emphasis on cultural continuity and approaches the continuation of Maya calendar practices as a possible tool for restoring breaks in social memory, which are caused by dramatic events such as colonization. Throughout this book it is argued that time is an authority which directs human behaviour in a cyclical manner through the landscape on a local and regional scale. Time is related to morality and cultural values, and a shared perception of time contributes to the cohesion of the community as it recreates and reaffirms the identity of its members by reiterating their shared social conventions and history. Finally, the conjunction of time and ritual provides a tool to overcome the rupture caused by death and to transmit messages from generation to generation over a long span of time.