Philip M. Williams – författare

Originally published in 1970, this collection of essays, in which Mr Williams displays his exceptionally wide learning and sympathetic insight into French political life, is an indispensable guide to anyone interested in the background to and achievements of de Gaulle's regime. It surveys French elections in the Fourth and Fifth Republics: the issues, the changing methods of campaigning, and the sharp mutations in voting behaviour, illustrated in a series of maps and tables. The electoral chapters are linked by discussions of the principal political developments between the successive appeals to the people. Each of the four chronological chapters sections concentrates on a leading theme.

This collection, first published in 1970, brings together twelve articles on French political subjects, mostly concerned either with the plots and scandals that arose out of the long struggle for decolonisation, or with the culmination of that struggle in the Algerian war. In his introduction as well as throughout the book, Williams demonstrates the connection between these two themes, and explains why political scandals have been so prominent and recurrent a feature of French public life and how these scandals affected both France as well as Algeria.

Originally published in 1968, this book set out to give a brief but complete account of the French Parliament as it had worked in practice since the advent of President de Gaulle. A number of different aspects are discussed, from the social background of the members to the debates on five sample bills, and from the strategy of pressure groups to the organisation and character of the Gaullist party (about which very little had been written). While the legal framework within which the new parliament works is comprehensively described, attention is mainly focused on a political situation transformed by the end of the Algerian war and by the speed of social change in France itself at the time.Earlier books on the Fifth Republic naturally concentrated heavily on the spectacular crises of its early years and on the exceptional personality of its president. Remarkably little, therefore, had been written on the recent development of its institutions and politics in the peacetime conditions which France had enjoyed since 1962 for the first time for over twenty years.There was a Gaullist myth that the new regime had reformed the system and, against the obstructive opposition of an Opposition which had learned nothing and forgotten nothing, had won the support of the French people for a strong democratic government on British lines. There was a corresponding Opposition myth that a ruler and party of authoritarian temper had consolidated their power by reducing parliamentary criticism to an impotent farce. Neither interpretation was wholly unfounded; neither does justice to the complex reality which this work tries to explain as fairly as possible.

Originally published in 1968, this book set out to give a brief but complete account of the French Parliament as it had worked in practice since the advent of President de Gaulle. A number of different aspects are discussed, from the social background of the members to the debates on five sample bills, and from the strategy of pressure groups to the organisation and character of the Gaullist party (about which very little had been written). While the legal framework within which the new parliament works is comprehensively described, attention is mainly focused on a political situation transformed by the end of the Algerian war and by the speed of social change in France itself at the time.Earlier books on the Fifth Republic naturally concentrated heavily on the spectacular crises of its early years and on the exceptional personality of its president. Remarkably little, therefore, had been written on the recent development of its institutions and politics in the peacetime conditions which France had enjoyed since 1962 for the first time for over twenty years.There was a Gaullist myth that the new regime had reformed the system and, against the obstructive opposition of an Opposition which had learned nothing and forgotten nothing, had won the support of the French people for a strong democratic government on British lines. There was a corresponding Opposition myth that a ruler and party of authoritarian temper had consolidated their power by reducing parliamentary criticism to an impotent farce. Neither interpretation was wholly unfounded; neither does justice to the complex reality which this work tries to explain as fairly as possible.

Over the past 1,000 years Hurley, in the County of Berkshire, has experienced its fair share of historic events, from royal visitations to the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Modern history appears to have passed Hurley by, but it has now been discovered that during the Second World War Hurley was used as a top secret communication centre, known by its code name Station VICTOR.Established in 1943 by the American OSS, Station VICTOR communicated with secret agents throughout occupied Europe and within the German Reich. VICTOR’s role was to receive and send coded messages in order to obtain vital intelligence on Hitler’s Panzer Divisions, secret weapons and industrial war machine. This is the story of Station VICTOR, from is conception, construction and operation and about the lives of those agents who risked torture and death in order to rid Europe of the Nazi tyranny. Operations such as the SUSSEX plan and the liberation of France used Hurley as their base station where even General Eisenhower as Supreme Commander and Prime Minister Churchill were seen as visitors. It is only now that the story of OSS Station VICTOR can be told due to the declassifying of VICTOR’s operational war diary by the CIA and the discovery of a remarkable set of official photographs. Hurley’s long-forgotten wartime secret can now be revealed.