The opportunistic network is an emerging and recent area of research. To make this research area more adaptable for practical and industrial use, there is a need to further investigate several research challenges in all aspects of opportunistic networks. Therefore, Opportunistic Networks: Fundamentals, Applications and Emerging Trends provides theoretical, algorithmic, simulation, and implementation-based research developments related to fundamentals, applications, and emerging research trends in opportunistic networks.

The book follows a theoretical approach to describe fundamentals to beginners and incorporates a practical approach depicting the implementation of real-life applications to intermediate and advanced readers. This book is beneficial for academicians, researchers, developers, and engineers who work in or are interested in the fields related to opportunistic networks, delay tolerant networks, and intermittently connected ad hoc networks. This book also serves as a reference book for graduate and postgraduate courses in computer science, computer engineering, and information technology streams.

The opportunistic network is an emerging and recent area of research. To make this research area more adaptable for practical and industrial use, there is a need to further investigate several research challenges in all aspects of opportunistic networks. Therefore, Opportunistic Networks: Fundamentals, Applications and Emerging Trends provides theoretical, algorithmic, simulation, and implementation-based research developments related to fundamentals, applications, and emerging research trends in opportunistic networks.

The book follows a theoretical approach to describe fundamentals to beginners and incorporates a practical approach depicting the implementation of real-life applications to intermediate and advanced readers. This book is beneficial for academicians, researchers, developers, and engineers who work in or are interested in the fields related to opportunistic networks, delay tolerant networks, and intermittently connected ad hoc networks. This book also serves as a reference book for graduate and postgraduate courses in computer science, computer engineering, and information technology streams.

The Internet of things (IoT) is a network of connected physical objects or things that are working along with sensors, wireless transceiver modules, processors, and software required for connecting, processing, and exchanging data among the other devices over the Internet. These objects or things are devices ranging from simple handheld devices to complex industrial heavy machines. A thing in IoT can be any living or non-living object that can be provided capabilities to sense, process, and exchange data over a network. The IoT provides people with the ability to handle their household works to industrial tasks smartly and efficiently without the intervention of another human. The IoT provides smart devices for home automation as well as business solutions for delivering insights into everything from real-time monitoring of working systems to supply chain and logistics operations. The IoT has become one of the most prominent technological inventions of the 21st century.

Due to the versatility of IoT devices, there are numerous real-world applications of the IoT in various domains such as smart home, smart city, health care, agriculture, industry, and transportation. The IoT has emerged as a paradigm-shifting technology that is influencing various industries. Many companies, governments, and civic bodies are shifting to IoT applications to improve their works and to become more efficient. The world is slowly transforming toward a "smart world" with smart devices. As a consequence, it shows many new opportunities coming up in the near "smart" future for IoT professionals. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of advancements related to IoT applications and further investigate several research challenges related to the applicability of IoT in different domains to make it more adaptable for practical and industrial use. With this goal, this book provides the most recent and prominent applications of IoT in different domains as well as issues and challenges in developing IoT applications for various new domains.

The Internet of things (IoT) is a network of connected physical objects or things that are working along with sensors, wireless transceiver modules, processors, and software required for connecting, processing, and exchanging data among the other devices over the Internet. These objects or things are devices ranging from simple handheld devices to complex industrial heavy machines. A thing in IoT can be any living or non-living object that can be provided capabilities to sense, process, and exchange data over a network. The IoT provides people with the ability to handle their household works to industrial tasks smartly and efficiently without the intervention of another human. The IoT provides smart devices for home automation as well as business solutions for delivering insights into everything from real-time monitoring of working systems to supply chain and logistics operations. The IoT has become one of the most prominent technological inventions of the 21st century.

Due to the versatility of IoT devices, there are numerous real-world applications of the IoT in various domains such as smart home, smart city, health care, agriculture, industry, and transportation. The IoT has emerged as a paradigm-shifting technology that is influencing various industries. Many companies, governments, and civic bodies are shifting to IoT applications to improve their works and to become more efficient. The world is slowly transforming toward a "smart world" with smart devices. As a consequence, it shows many new opportunities coming up in the near "smart" future for IoT professionals. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of advancements related to IoT applications and further investigate several research challenges related to the applicability of IoT in different domains to make it more adaptable for practical and industrial use. With this goal, this book provides the most recent and prominent applications of IoT in different domains as well as issues and challenges in developing IoT applications for various new domains.

Since the invention of computers and other similar machines, scientists and researchers have been trying very hard to enhance their capabilities to perform various tasks. As a result, the capabilities of computers are growing exponentially day by day in terms of diverse working domains, versatile jobs, processing speed, and reduced size. Now, we are in the race to make these machines as intelligent as human beings. Artificial intelligence (AI) came up as a way of making a computer or computer software think in a similar manner to the way that humans think. AI is inspired by the study of human brain, including how humans think, learn, decide, and act while trying to solve a problem. The outcomes of this study are the basis of developing intelligent software and systems or intelligent computing (IC).

An IC system has the capabilities of reasoning, learning, problem-solving, perception, and linguistic intelligence. IC systems consist of AI techniques as well as other emerging techniques that make a system intelligent. The use of IC has been seen in almost every sub-domain of computer science such as networking, software engineering, gaming, natural language processing, computer vision, image processing, data science, robotics, expert systems, and security. Nowadays, IC is also useful for solving various complex problems in diverse domains such as for predicting disease in medical science, predicting land fertility or crop productivity in agricultural science, predicting market growth in economics, and weather forecasting.

For all these reasons, this book presents the advances in AI techniques, under the umbrella of IC. In this context, the book includes recent research that has been done in the areas of machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, fuzzy systems, and so on. This book discusses recent theoretical, algorithmic, simulation, and implementation-based advancements related to IC.

Since the invention of computers and other similar machines, scientists and researchers have been trying very hard to enhance their capabilities to perform various tasks. As a result, the capabilities of computers are growing exponentially day by day in terms of diverse working domains, versatile jobs, processing speed, and reduced size. Now, we are in the race to make these machines as intelligent as human beings. Artificial intelligence (AI) came up as a way of making a computer or computer software think in a similar manner to the way that humans think. AI is inspired by the study of human brain, including how humans think, learn, decide, and act while trying to solve a problem. The outcomes of this study are the basis of developing intelligent software and systems or intelligent computing (IC).

An IC system has the capabilities of reasoning, learning, problem-solving, perception, and linguistic intelligence. IC systems consist of AI techniques as well as other emerging techniques that make a system intelligent. The use of IC has been seen in almost every sub-domain of computer science such as networking, software engineering, gaming, natural language processing, computer vision, image processing, data science, robotics, expert systems, and security. Nowadays, IC is also useful for solving various complex problems in diverse domains such as for predicting disease in medical science, predicting land fertility or crop productivity in agricultural science, predicting market growth in economics, and weather forecasting.

For all these reasons, this book presents the advances in AI techniques, under the umbrella of IC. In this context, the book includes recent research that has been done in the areas of machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, fuzzy systems, and so on. This book discusses recent theoretical, algorithmic, simulation, and implementation-based advancements related to IC.

In current digital era, information is an important asset for our daily life as well as for small and large-scale businesses. The network technologies are the main enablers that connect the computing devices and resources together to collect, process and share vital information locally as well as globally. The network technologies provide efficient, flexible and seamless communication while maximizing productivity and resources for our day-to-day lives and business operations. For all its importance, this domain has evolved drastically, from the traditional wired networks to Bluetooth, infrared-waves, micro-waves, radio-waves and satellite networks. Nowadays, network technologies are not only restricted to computer laboratories, offices or homes; many other diverse areas have been witnessed where network technologies are being used based on the applications and needs, such as vehicular ad-hoc networks, underwater networks, and the Internet of Things.

Along with the hardware-based and physical network technologies, a lot of research has been carried out by researchers from academia and industry to develop emerging software-based network technologies, such as network software architectures, middleware, and protocol stacks. The software-based network technologies become the main driving force behind the paradigm shift in this domain and have invented many new network technologies such as grid computing, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, software defined networks, content centric networks and so on. On the other hand, a lot of efforts have been made in cellular network technologies to improve the user experience and as a consequence, emerging cellular network technologies like LTE, VoLTE and 5G have been invented. Due to its demand and importance in present and future scenarios, numerous efforts have been done in the networking domain by the researchers, a lot of work is still ongoing, and many more possibilities have yet to be explored. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of advancements related to the network technologies and further investigate several ongoing research challenges for the ease of users. With this goal in mind, Research Advances in Network Technologies presents the most recent and notable research on network technologies.

In current digital era, information is an important asset for our daily life as well as for small and large-scale businesses. The network technologies are the main enablers that connect the computing devices and resources together to collect, process and share vital information locally as well as globally. The network technologies provide efficient, flexible and seamless communication while maximizing productivity and resources for our day-to-day lives and business operations. For all its importance, this domain has evolved drastically, from the traditional wired networks to Bluetooth, infrared-waves, micro-waves, radio-waves and satellite networks. Nowadays, network technologies are not only restricted to computer laboratories, offices or homes; many other diverse areas have been witnessed where network technologies are being used based on the applications and needs, such as vehicular ad-hoc networks, underwater networks, and the Internet of Things.

Along with the hardware-based and physical network technologies, a lot of research has been carried out by researchers from academia and industry to develop emerging software-based network technologies, such as network software architectures, middleware, and protocol stacks. The software-based network technologies become the main driving force behind the paradigm shift in this domain and have invented many new network technologies such as grid computing, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, software defined networks, content centric networks and so on. On the other hand, a lot of efforts have been made in cellular network technologies to improve the user experience and as a consequence, emerging cellular network technologies like LTE, VoLTE and 5G have been invented. Due to its demand and importance in present and future scenarios, numerous efforts have been done in the networking domain by the researchers, a lot of work is still ongoing, and many more possibilities have yet to be explored. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of advancements related to the network technologies and further investigate several ongoing research challenges for the ease of users. With this goal in mind, Research Advances in Network Technologies presents the most recent and notable research on network technologies.

Researchers and scientists have invested a great deal of effort into developing computers and other devices to be more capable of doing a wider range of tasks. As a result, the potential of computers to do a wide range of tasks in different environments, at varying speeds, and in smaller forms is growing dramatically every day. Currently, there is a race to create robots or computers with human-level intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or software to think like a human being. The study of the human brain, specifically how humans learn, make decisions, and react when trying to solve issues, is the basis of AI. The creation of intelligent software and systems, or intelligent computing (IC), is the outcome of AI studies. An IC system can perceive, reason, learn, and use language. In IC systems, AI and other cutting-edge techniques are employed to create system intelligence. IC has been applied to almost every area of computer science, including networking, software engineering, gaming, robotics, expert systems, natural language processing, computer vision, image processing, and data science. In modern times, IC is also employed to tackle a wide range of challenging issues in numerous disciplines, such as weather forecasting, agriculture science, medicine, and economics. This book offers the most recent advancements in both IC and AI for all these reasons.

Researchers and scientists have invested a great deal of effort into developing computers and other devices to be more capable of doing a wider range of tasks. As a result, the potential of computers to do a wide range of tasks in different environments, at varying speeds, and in smaller forms is growing dramatically every day. Currently, there is a race to create robots or computers with human-level intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or software to think like a human being. The study of the human brain, specifically how humans learn, make decisions, and react when trying to solve issues, is the basis of AI. The creation of intelligent software and systems, or intelligent computing (IC), is the outcome of AI studies. An IC system can perceive, reason, learn, and use language. In IC systems, AI and other cutting-edge techniques are employed to create system intelligence. IC has been applied to almost every area of computer science, including networking, software engineering, gaming, robotics, expert systems, natural language processing, computer vision, image processing, and data science. In modern times, IC is also employed to tackle a wide range of challenging issues in numerous disciplines, such as weather forecasting, agriculture science, medicine, and economics. This book offers the most recent advancements in both IC and AI for all these reasons.

In the present technological age, information is a valuable resource for both small and large enterprises as well as for our daily lives. The key enablers that link computer resources and devices together to gather, process, and distribute crucial data both locally and worldwide are network technologies. For our daily lives and commercial operations, network technologies offer effective, adaptable, and seamless communication while maximizing productivity and resources.

Due to its significance, this field has undergone a significant evolution in the past few decades, moving away from traditional wired networks and toward Bluetooth, infrared, microwave, radio, and satellite networks. These days, network technologies are not employed only in computer labs, businesses, or homes; a wide range of domains, such as vehicular ad hoc networks, mobile ad hoc networks, and the Internet of Things, have been seen using network technologies.

Researchers from academia and industry have worked hard to build and develop software-based network technologies, such as middleware, protocol stacks, and network software architectures, in addition to hardware-based and physical network technologies. The paradigm shift in this field is being driven primarily by software-based network technologies, which have also given rise to numerous new network innovations, including grid computing, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, software-defined networks, and content-centric networks. Significant efforts have been made in cellular network technologies to boost the user experience, and as a result, new cellular network technologies, including LTE, VoLTE, and 5G, have also been developed.

Efforts continue to be made by researchers in these networking fields due to the demand for and importance of these technologies in present and future situations. Many of these efforts are still in progress, and there are still possibilities that need to be investigated. As a result, it’s important to stay up to date on network technology developments and look into further research difficulties that need to be resolved for the benefit of users. This book will present the most recent and leading research in the field of network technologies in order to achieve solutions for various problems that exist in this domain.

In the present technological age, information is a valuable resource for both small and large enterprises as well as for our daily lives. The key enablers that link computer resources and devices together to gather, process, and distribute crucial data both locally and worldwide are network technologies. For our daily lives and commercial operations, network technologies offer effective, adaptable, and seamless communication while maximizing productivity and resources.

Due to its significance, this field has undergone a significant evolution in the past few decades, moving away from traditional wired networks and toward Bluetooth, infrared, microwave, radio, and satellite networks. These days, network technologies are not employed only in computer labs, businesses, or homes; a wide range of domains, such as vehicular ad hoc networks, mobile ad hoc networks, and the Internet of Things, have been seen using network technologies.

Researchers from academia and industry have worked hard to build and develop software-based network technologies, such as middleware, protocol stacks, and network software architectures, in addition to hardware-based and physical network technologies. The paradigm shift in this field is being driven primarily by software-based network technologies, which have also given rise to numerous new network innovations, including grid computing, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, software-defined networks, and content-centric networks. Significant efforts have been made in cellular network technologies to boost the user experience, and as a result, new cellular network technologies, including LTE, VoLTE, and 5G, have also been developed.

Efforts continue to be made by researchers in these networking fields due to the demand for and importance of these technologies in present and future situations. Many of these efforts are still in progress, and there are still possibilities that need to be investigated. As a result, it’s important to stay up to date on network technology developments and look into further research difficulties that need to be resolved for the benefit of users. This book will present the most recent and leading research in the field of network technologies in order to achieve solutions for various problems that exist in this domain.

In the digital age, information is the most vital asset and network technologies are the invisible threads that connect our world. From homes and businesses to smart cities and autonomous vehicles, these technologies enable seamless communication, efficient data processing, and intelligent decision-making across a wide range of applications. Research Advances in Network Technologies: Volume 3 offers a comprehensive exploration of modern network technologies, tracing their evolution from traditional wired systems to cutting-edge wireless solutions such as Bluetooth, satellite networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The book delves into the transformative impact of software-defined networking, cloud and edge computing, and next-generation cellular technologies like LTE, VoLTE, and 5G. Bridging theory and practice, the book presents real-world case studies, emerging research trends, and future directions in the field. It highlights the contributions of academia and industry in shaping the networked world and addresses the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

This book:

This book is intended for academics, researchers, developers, engineers, and practitioners engaged in or interested in the research, design, and applications of modern network technologies. It also serves as a valuable reference for professionals working in the domain of computer and cellular networks, and as a resource for graduate and postgraduate students in computer science and engineering, information technology, and electronics and communication engineering.

As computers and intelligent machines evolve at an unprecedented pace, the quest to replicate human intelligence in software and systems has become a defining challenge of our time. Research Advances in Intelligent Computing: Volume 3 explores this dynamic field, where artificial intelligence (AI) and computational models converge to create systems capable of learning, reasoning, and problem solving. Drawing inspiration from human cognition, intelligent computing (IC) integrates AI techniques such as machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, and swarm intelligence to build adaptive, efficient, and autonomous systems. These technologies are now at the heart of innovations across disciplines—from robotics and natural language processing to agriculture, medicine, and economics. This book presents a comprehensive view of the latest advancements in IC, offering both foundational knowledge and practical insights. It is designed to serve as a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals seeking to understand and apply IC techniques in real-world scenarios.

This book:• Showcases recent, impactful applications of IC across diverse domains, supported by detailed case studies.• Offers deep insights into the latest research developments and outlines promising areas for future exploration in IC.• Combines theoretical foundations with algorithmic, simulation-based, and implementation-oriented research to provide a holistic understanding of IC systems.• Balances foundational theory for beginners with practical simulations and real-life implementations for intermediate and advanced readers.

As computers and intelligent machines evolve at an unprecedented pace, the quest to replicate human intelligence in software and systems has become a defining challenge of our time. Research Advances in Intelligent Computing: Volume 3 explores this dynamic field, where artificial intelligence (AI) and computational models converge to create systems capable of learning, reasoning, and problem solving. Drawing inspiration from human cognition, intelligent computing (IC) integrates AI techniques such as machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, and swarm intelligence to build adaptive, efficient, and autonomous systems. These technologies are now at the heart of innovations across disciplines—from robotics and natural language processing to agriculture, medicine, and economics. This book presents a comprehensive view of the latest advancements in IC, offering both foundational knowledge and practical insights. It is designed to serve as a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals seeking to understand and apply IC techniques in real-world scenarios.

This book:• Showcases recent, impactful applications of IC across diverse domains, supported by detailed case studies.• Offers deep insights into the latest research developments and outlines promising areas for future exploration in IC.• Combines theoretical foundations with algorithmic, simulation-based, and implementation-oriented research to provide a holistic understanding of IC systems.• Balances foundational theory for beginners with practical simulations and real-life implementations for intermediate and advanced readers.

In the digital age, information is the most vital asset and network technologies are the invisible threads that connect our world. From homes and businesses to smart cities and autonomous vehicles, these technologies enable seamless communication, efficient data processing, and intelligent decision-making across a wide range of applications. Research Advances in Network Technologies: Volume 3 offers a comprehensive exploration of modern network technologies, tracing their evolution from traditional wired systems to cutting-edge wireless solutions such as Bluetooth, satellite networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The book delves into the transformative impact of software-defined networking, cloud and edge computing, and next-generation cellular technologies like LTE, VoLTE, and 5G. Bridging theory and practice, the book presents real-world case studies, emerging research trends, and future directions in the field. It highlights the contributions of academia and industry in shaping the networked world and addresses the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

This book:

This book is intended for academics, researchers, developers, engineers, and practitioners engaged in or interested in the research, design, and applications of modern network technologies. It also serves as a valuable reference for professionals working in the domain of computer and cellular networks, and as a resource for graduate and postgraduate students in computer science and engineering, information technology, and electronics and communication engineering.

The opportunistic network is an emerging and recent area of research. To make this research area more adaptable for practical and industrial use, there is a need to further investigate several research challenges in all aspects of opportunistic networks. Therefore, Opportunistic Networks: Fundamentals, Applications and Emerging Trends provides theoretical, algorithmic, simulation, and implementation-based research developments related to fundamentals, applications, and emerging research trends in opportunistic networks.

The book follows a theoretical approach to describe fundamentals to beginners and incorporates a practical approach depicting the implementation of real-life applications to intermediate and advanced readers. This book is beneficial for academicians, researchers, developers, and engineers who work in or are interested in the fields related to opportunistic networks, delay tolerant networks, and intermittently connected ad hoc networks. This book also serves as a reference book for graduate and postgraduate courses in computer science, computer engineering, and information technology streams.

The opportunistic network is an emerging and recent area of research. To make this research area more adaptable for practical and industrial use, there is a need to further investigate several research challenges in all aspects of opportunistic networks. Therefore, Opportunistic Networks: Fundamentals, Applications and Emerging Trends provides theoretical, algorithmic, simulation, and implementation-based research developments related to fundamentals, applications, and emerging research trends in opportunistic networks.

The book follows a theoretical approach to describe fundamentals to beginners and incorporates a practical approach depicting the implementation of real-life applications to intermediate and advanced readers. This book is beneficial for academicians, researchers, developers, and engineers who work in or are interested in the fields related to opportunistic networks, delay tolerant networks, and intermittently connected ad hoc networks. This book also serves as a reference book for graduate and postgraduate courses in computer science, computer engineering, and information technology streams.

The Internet of things (IoT) is a network of connected physical objects or things that are working along with sensors, wireless transceiver modules, processors, and software required for connecting, processing, and exchanging data among the other devices over the Internet. These objects or things are devices ranging from simple handheld devices to complex industrial heavy machines. A thing in IoT can be any living or non-living object that can be provided capabilities to sense, process, and exchange data over a network. The IoT provides people with the ability to handle their household works to industrial tasks smartly and efficiently without the intervention of another human. The IoT provides smart devices for home automation as well as business solutions for delivering insights into everything from real-time monitoring of working systems to supply chain and logistics operations. The IoT has become one of the most prominent technological inventions of the 21st century.

Due to the versatility of IoT devices, there are numerous real-world applications of the IoT in various domains such as smart home, smart city, health care, agriculture, industry, and transportation. The IoT has emerged as a paradigm-shifting technology that is influencing various industries. Many companies, governments, and civic bodies are shifting to IoT applications to improve their works and to become more efficient. The world is slowly transforming toward a "smart world" with smart devices. As a consequence, it shows many new opportunities coming up in the near "smart" future for IoT professionals. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of advancements related to IoT applications and further investigate several research challenges related to the applicability of IoT in different domains to make it more adaptable for practical and industrial use. With this goal, this book provides the most recent and prominent applications of IoT in different domains as well as issues and challenges in developing IoT applications for various new domains.

The Internet of things (IoT) is a network of connected physical objects or things that are working along with sensors, wireless transceiver modules, processors, and software required for connecting, processing, and exchanging data among the other devices over the Internet. These objects or things are devices ranging from simple handheld devices to complex industrial heavy machines. A thing in IoT can be any living or non-living object that can be provided capabilities to sense, process, and exchange data over a network. The IoT provides people with the ability to handle their household works to industrial tasks smartly and efficiently without the intervention of another human. The IoT provides smart devices for home automation as well as business solutions for delivering insights into everything from real-time monitoring of working systems to supply chain and logistics operations. The IoT has become one of the most prominent technological inventions of the 21st century.

Due to the versatility of IoT devices, there are numerous real-world applications of the IoT in various domains such as smart home, smart city, health care, agriculture, industry, and transportation. The IoT has emerged as a paradigm-shifting technology that is influencing various industries. Many companies, governments, and civic bodies are shifting to IoT applications to improve their works and to become more efficient. The world is slowly transforming toward a "smart world" with smart devices. As a consequence, it shows many new opportunities coming up in the near "smart" future for IoT professionals. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of advancements related to IoT applications and further investigate several research challenges related to the applicability of IoT in different domains to make it more adaptable for practical and industrial use. With this goal, this book provides the most recent and prominent applications of IoT in different domains as well as issues and challenges in developing IoT applications for various new domains.

Since the invention of computers and other similar machines, scientists and researchers have been trying very hard to enhance their capabilities to perform various tasks. As a result, the capabilities of computers are growing exponentially day by day in terms of diverse working domains, versatile jobs, processing speed, and reduced size. Now, we are in the race to make these machines as intelligent as human beings. Artificial intelligence (AI) came up as a way of making a computer or computer software think in a similar manner to the way that humans think. AI is inspired by the study of human brain, including how humans think, learn, decide, and act while trying to solve a problem. The outcomes of this study are the basis of developing intelligent software and systems or intelligent computing (IC).

An IC system has the capabilities of reasoning, learning, problem-solving, perception, and linguistic intelligence. IC systems consist of AI techniques as well as other emerging techniques that make a system intelligent. The use of IC has been seen in almost every sub-domain of computer science such as networking, software engineering, gaming, natural language processing, computer vision, image processing, data science, robotics, expert systems, and security. Nowadays, IC is also useful for solving various complex problems in diverse domains such as for predicting disease in medical science, predicting land fertility or crop productivity in agricultural science, predicting market growth in economics, and weather forecasting.

For all these reasons, this book presents the advances in AI techniques, under the umbrella of IC. In this context, the book includes recent research that has been done in the areas of machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, fuzzy systems, and so on. This book discusses recent theoretical, algorithmic, simulation, and implementation-based advancements related to IC.

Since the invention of computers and other similar machines, scientists and researchers have been trying very hard to enhance their capabilities to perform various tasks. As a result, the capabilities of computers are growing exponentially day by day in terms of diverse working domains, versatile jobs, processing speed, and reduced size. Now, we are in the race to make these machines as intelligent as human beings. Artificial intelligence (AI) came up as a way of making a computer or computer software think in a similar manner to the way that humans think. AI is inspired by the study of human brain, including how humans think, learn, decide, and act while trying to solve a problem. The outcomes of this study are the basis of developing intelligent software and systems or intelligent computing (IC).

An IC system has the capabilities of reasoning, learning, problem-solving, perception, and linguistic intelligence. IC systems consist of AI techniques as well as other emerging techniques that make a system intelligent. The use of IC has been seen in almost every sub-domain of computer science such as networking, software engineering, gaming, natural language processing, computer vision, image processing, data science, robotics, expert systems, and security. Nowadays, IC is also useful for solving various complex problems in diverse domains such as for predicting disease in medical science, predicting land fertility or crop productivity in agricultural science, predicting market growth in economics, and weather forecasting.

For all these reasons, this book presents the advances in AI techniques, under the umbrella of IC. In this context, the book includes recent research that has been done in the areas of machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, fuzzy systems, and so on. This book discusses recent theoretical, algorithmic, simulation, and implementation-based advancements related to IC.

In current digital era, information is an important asset for our daily life as well as for small and large-scale businesses. The network technologies are the main enablers that connect the computing devices and resources together to collect, process and share vital information locally as well as globally. The network technologies provide efficient, flexible and seamless communication while maximizing productivity and resources for our day-to-day lives and business operations. For all its importance, this domain has evolved drastically, from the traditional wired networks to Bluetooth, infrared-waves, micro-waves, radio-waves and satellite networks. Nowadays, network technologies are not only restricted to computer laboratories, offices or homes; many other diverse areas have been witnessed where network technologies are being used based on the applications and needs, such as vehicular ad-hoc networks, underwater networks, and the Internet of Things.

Along with the hardware-based and physical network technologies, a lot of research has been carried out by researchers from academia and industry to develop emerging software-based network technologies, such as network software architectures, middleware, and protocol stacks. The software-based network technologies become the main driving force behind the paradigm shift in this domain and have invented many new network technologies such as grid computing, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, software defined networks, content centric networks and so on. On the other hand, a lot of efforts have been made in cellular network technologies to improve the user experience and as a consequence, emerging cellular network technologies like LTE, VoLTE and 5G have been invented. Due to its demand and importance in present and future scenarios, numerous efforts have been done in the networking domain by the researchers, a lot of work is still ongoing, and many more possibilities have yet to be explored. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of advancements related to the network technologies and further investigate several ongoing research challenges for the ease of users. With this goal in mind, Research Advances in Network Technologies presents the most recent and notable research on network technologies.

In current digital era, information is an important asset for our daily life as well as for small and large-scale businesses. The network technologies are the main enablers that connect the computing devices and resources together to collect, process and share vital information locally as well as globally. The network technologies provide efficient, flexible and seamless communication while maximizing productivity and resources for our day-to-day lives and business operations. For all its importance, this domain has evolved drastically, from the traditional wired networks to Bluetooth, infrared-waves, micro-waves, radio-waves and satellite networks. Nowadays, network technologies are not only restricted to computer laboratories, offices or homes; many other diverse areas have been witnessed where network technologies are being used based on the applications and needs, such as vehicular ad-hoc networks, underwater networks, and the Internet of Things.

Along with the hardware-based and physical network technologies, a lot of research has been carried out by researchers from academia and industry to develop emerging software-based network technologies, such as network software architectures, middleware, and protocol stacks. The software-based network technologies become the main driving force behind the paradigm shift in this domain and have invented many new network technologies such as grid computing, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, software defined networks, content centric networks and so on. On the other hand, a lot of efforts have been made in cellular network technologies to improve the user experience and as a consequence, emerging cellular network technologies like LTE, VoLTE and 5G have been invented. Due to its demand and importance in present and future scenarios, numerous efforts have been done in the networking domain by the researchers, a lot of work is still ongoing, and many more possibilities have yet to be explored. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of advancements related to the network technologies and further investigate several ongoing research challenges for the ease of users. With this goal in mind, Research Advances in Network Technologies presents the most recent and notable research on network technologies.

Researchers and scientists have invested a great deal of effort into developing computers and other devices to be more capable of doing a wider range of tasks. As a result, the potential of computers to do a wide range of tasks in different environments, at varying speeds, and in smaller forms is growing dramatically every day. Currently, there is a race to create robots or computers with human-level intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or software to think like a human being. The study of the human brain, specifically how humans learn, make decisions, and react when trying to solve issues, is the basis of AI. The creation of intelligent software and systems, or intelligent computing (IC), is the outcome of AI studies. An IC system can perceive, reason, learn, and use language. In IC systems, AI and other cutting-edge techniques are employed to create system intelligence. IC has been applied to almost every area of computer science, including networking, software engineering, gaming, robotics, expert systems, natural language processing, computer vision, image processing, and data science. In modern times, IC is also employed to tackle a wide range of challenging issues in numerous disciplines, such as weather forecasting, agriculture science, medicine, and economics. This book offers the most recent advancements in both IC and AI for all these reasons.

Researchers and scientists have invested a great deal of effort into developing computers and other devices to be more capable of doing a wider range of tasks. As a result, the potential of computers to do a wide range of tasks in different environments, at varying speeds, and in smaller forms is growing dramatically every day. Currently, there is a race to create robots or computers with human-level intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or software to think like a human being. The study of the human brain, specifically how humans learn, make decisions, and react when trying to solve issues, is the basis of AI. The creation of intelligent software and systems, or intelligent computing (IC), is the outcome of AI studies. An IC system can perceive, reason, learn, and use language. In IC systems, AI and other cutting-edge techniques are employed to create system intelligence. IC has been applied to almost every area of computer science, including networking, software engineering, gaming, robotics, expert systems, natural language processing, computer vision, image processing, and data science. In modern times, IC is also employed to tackle a wide range of challenging issues in numerous disciplines, such as weather forecasting, agriculture science, medicine, and economics. This book offers the most recent advancements in both IC and AI for all these reasons.

In the present technological age, information is a valuable resource for both small and large enterprises as well as for our daily lives. The key enablers that link computer resources and devices together to gather, process, and distribute crucial data both locally and worldwide are network technologies. For our daily lives and commercial operations, network technologies offer effective, adaptable, and seamless communication while maximizing productivity and resources.

Due to its significance, this field has undergone a significant evolution in the past few decades, moving away from traditional wired networks and toward Bluetooth, infrared, microwave, radio, and satellite networks. These days, network technologies are not employed only in computer labs, businesses, or homes; a wide range of domains, such as vehicular ad hoc networks, mobile ad hoc networks, and the Internet of Things, have been seen using network technologies.

Researchers from academia and industry have worked hard to build and develop software-based network technologies, such as middleware, protocol stacks, and network software architectures, in addition to hardware-based and physical network technologies. The paradigm shift in this field is being driven primarily by software-based network technologies, which have also given rise to numerous new network innovations, including grid computing, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, software-defined networks, and content-centric networks. Significant efforts have been made in cellular network technologies to boost the user experience, and as a result, new cellular network technologies, including LTE, VoLTE, and 5G, have also been developed.

Efforts continue to be made by researchers in these networking fields due to the demand for and importance of these technologies in present and future situations. Many of these efforts are still in progress, and there are still possibilities that need to be investigated. As a result, it’s important to stay up to date on network technology developments and look into further research difficulties that need to be resolved for the benefit of users. This book will present the most recent and leading research in the field of network technologies in order to achieve solutions for various problems that exist in this domain.

In the present technological age, information is a valuable resource for both small and large enterprises as well as for our daily lives. The key enablers that link computer resources and devices together to gather, process, and distribute crucial data both locally and worldwide are network technologies. For our daily lives and commercial operations, network technologies offer effective, adaptable, and seamless communication while maximizing productivity and resources.

Due to its significance, this field has undergone a significant evolution in the past few decades, moving away from traditional wired networks and toward Bluetooth, infrared, microwave, radio, and satellite networks. These days, network technologies are not employed only in computer labs, businesses, or homes; a wide range of domains, such as vehicular ad hoc networks, mobile ad hoc networks, and the Internet of Things, have been seen using network technologies.

Researchers from academia and industry have worked hard to build and develop software-based network technologies, such as middleware, protocol stacks, and network software architectures, in addition to hardware-based and physical network technologies. The paradigm shift in this field is being driven primarily by software-based network technologies, which have also given rise to numerous new network innovations, including grid computing, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, software-defined networks, and content-centric networks. Significant efforts have been made in cellular network technologies to boost the user experience, and as a result, new cellular network technologies, including LTE, VoLTE, and 5G, have also been developed.

Efforts continue to be made by researchers in these networking fields due to the demand for and importance of these technologies in present and future situations. Many of these efforts are still in progress, and there are still possibilities that need to be investigated. As a result, it’s important to stay up to date on network technology developments and look into further research difficulties that need to be resolved for the benefit of users. This book will present the most recent and leading research in the field of network technologies in order to achieve solutions for various problems that exist in this domain.

In the digital age, information is the most vital asset and network technologies are the invisible threads that connect our world. From homes and businesses to smart cities and autonomous vehicles, these technologies enable seamless communication, efficient data processing, and intelligent decision-making across a wide range of applications. Research Advances in Network Technologies: Volume 3 offers a comprehensive exploration of modern network technologies, tracing their evolution from traditional wired systems to cutting-edge wireless solutions such as Bluetooth, satellite networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The book delves into the transformative impact of software-defined networking, cloud and edge computing, and next-generation cellular technologies like LTE, VoLTE, and 5G. Bridging theory and practice, the book presents real-world case studies, emerging research trends, and future directions in the field. It highlights the contributions of academia and industry in shaping the networked world and addresses the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

This book:

This book is intended for academics, researchers, developers, engineers, and practitioners engaged in or interested in the research, design, and applications of modern network technologies. It also serves as a valuable reference for professionals working in the domain of computer and cellular networks, and as a resource for graduate and postgraduate students in computer science and engineering, information technology, and electronics and communication engineering.

As computers and intelligent machines evolve at an unprecedented pace, the quest to replicate human intelligence in software and systems has become a defining challenge of our time. Research Advances in Intelligent Computing: Volume 3 explores this dynamic field, where artificial intelligence (AI) and computational models converge to create systems capable of learning, reasoning, and problem solving. Drawing inspiration from human cognition, intelligent computing (IC) integrates AI techniques such as machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, and swarm intelligence to build adaptive, efficient, and autonomous systems. These technologies are now at the heart of innovations across disciplines—from robotics and natural language processing to agriculture, medicine, and economics. This book presents a comprehensive view of the latest advancements in IC, offering both foundational knowledge and practical insights. It is designed to serve as a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals seeking to understand and apply IC techniques in real-world scenarios.

This book:• Showcases recent, impactful applications of IC across diverse domains, supported by detailed case studies.• Offers deep insights into the latest research developments and outlines promising areas for future exploration in IC.• Combines theoretical foundations with algorithmic, simulation-based, and implementation-oriented research to provide a holistic understanding of IC systems.• Balances foundational theory for beginners with practical simulations and real-life implementations for intermediate and advanced readers.

As computers and intelligent machines evolve at an unprecedented pace, the quest to replicate human intelligence in software and systems has become a defining challenge of our time. Research Advances in Intelligent Computing: Volume 3 explores this dynamic field, where artificial intelligence (AI) and computational models converge to create systems capable of learning, reasoning, and problem solving. Drawing inspiration from human cognition, intelligent computing (IC) integrates AI techniques such as machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, and swarm intelligence to build adaptive, efficient, and autonomous systems. These technologies are now at the heart of innovations across disciplines—from robotics and natural language processing to agriculture, medicine, and economics. This book presents a comprehensive view of the latest advancements in IC, offering both foundational knowledge and practical insights. It is designed to serve as a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals seeking to understand and apply IC techniques in real-world scenarios.

This book:• Showcases recent, impactful applications of IC across diverse domains, supported by detailed case studies.• Offers deep insights into the latest research developments and outlines promising areas for future exploration in IC.• Combines theoretical foundations with algorithmic, simulation-based, and implementation-oriented research to provide a holistic understanding of IC systems.• Balances foundational theory for beginners with practical simulations and real-life implementations for intermediate and advanced readers.

In the digital age, information is the most vital asset and network technologies are the invisible threads that connect our world. From homes and businesses to smart cities and autonomous vehicles, these technologies enable seamless communication, efficient data processing, and intelligent decision-making across a wide range of applications. Research Advances in Network Technologies: Volume 3 offers a comprehensive exploration of modern network technologies, tracing their evolution from traditional wired systems to cutting-edge wireless solutions such as Bluetooth, satellite networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The book delves into the transformative impact of software-defined networking, cloud and edge computing, and next-generation cellular technologies like LTE, VoLTE, and 5G. Bridging theory and practice, the book presents real-world case studies, emerging research trends, and future directions in the field. It highlights the contributions of academia and industry in shaping the networked world and addresses the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

This book:

This book is intended for academics, researchers, developers, engineers, and practitioners engaged in or interested in the research, design, and applications of modern network technologies. It also serves as a valuable reference for professionals working in the domain of computer and cellular networks, and as a resource for graduate and postgraduate students in computer science and engineering, information technology, and electronics and communication engineering.