Economic sanctions are court-imposed financial obligations aimed at punishing offenders (fines), funding the government (costs/fees, forfeitures), and compensating victims (restitution). These sanctions have been at the forefront of criminal justice reform in the past few years, and major legal and policy developments concerning such sanctions are under way across the country.Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice provides an in-depth overview on how economic sanctions are currently being used in the United States to address the multiple goals of criminal sentencing. Featuring 15 empirical studies conducted in Pennsylvania by author R. Barry Ruback, the book investigates the societal, legal, and psychological impacts of economic sanctions in sentencing and corrections, including punishment, reintegration into the community, and the treatment of crime victims. The book analyzes judges' and probation officers' decision-making when imposing and monitoring economic sanctions, and it examines how paying these financial obligations relates to offenders' recidivism. These analyses are tied to the issues of poverty and its intersection with race, including the disproportionate burden of sanctions placed on minority groups. Ending with opportunities for future research and alternatives to monetary sanctions, Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice is a go-to resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of legal psychology, criminal justice, and law advocating for what is fair and effective for victims, offenders, and society.

Economic sanctions are court-imposed financial obligations aimed at punishing offenders (fines), funding the government (costs/fees, forfeitures), and compensating victims (restitution). These sanctions have been at the forefront of criminal justice reform in the past few years, and major legal and policy developments concerning such sanctions are under way across the country.Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice provides an in-depth overview on how economic sanctions are currently being used in the United States to address the multiple goals of criminal sentencing. Featuring 15 empirical studies conducted in Pennsylvania by author R. Barry Ruback, the book investigates the societal, legal, and psychological impacts of economic sanctions in sentencing and corrections, including punishment, reintegration into the community, and the treatment of crime victims. The book analyzes judges'' and probation officers'' decision-making when imposing and monitoring economic sanctions, and it examines how paying these financial obligations relates to offenders'' recidivism. These analyses are tied to the issues of poverty and its intersection with race, including the disproportionate burden of sanctions placed on minority groups. Ending with opportunities for future research and alternatives to monetary sanctions, Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice is a go-to resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of legal psychology, criminal justice, and law advocating for what is fair and effective for victims, offenders, and society.

Economic sanctions are court-imposed financial obligations aimed at punishing offenders (fines), funding the government (costs/fees, forfeitures), and compensating victims (restitution). These sanctions have been at the forefront of criminal justice reform in the past few years, and major legal and policy developments concerning such sanctions are under way across the country.Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice provides an in-depth overview on how economic sanctions are currently being used in the United States to address the multiple goals of criminal sentencing. Featuring 15 empirical studies conducted in Pennsylvania by author R. Barry Ruback, the book investigates the societal, legal, and psychological impacts of economic sanctions in sentencing and corrections, including punishment, reintegration into the community, and the treatment of crime victims. The book analyzes judges'' and probation officers'' decision-making when imposing and monitoring economic sanctions, and it examines how paying these financial obligations relates to offenders'' recidivism. These analyses are tied to the issues of poverty and its intersection with race, including the disproportionate burden of sanctions placed on minority groups. Ending with opportunities for future research and alternatives to monetary sanctions, Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice is a go-to resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of legal psychology, criminal justice, and law advocating for what is fair and effective for victims, offenders, and society.

"The book achieves its goal of encouraging the reader to think broadly about how the consequences of violent victimization can be measured, understood, and prevented. The authors also achieve their goal of emphasizing the need for multiple research methods and multiple theoretical perspectives for understanding the effects and implications of violent crime. The book would certainly be a useful resource for students studying psychology or criminology, and is likely to be of interest to professionals who work with victims of violent crime."--CRIME PREVENTION AND COMMUNITY SAFETY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALWhat are the effects that violent crime has on our everyday lives, both in terms of the individual victims and their larger community? This unique text draws from both the fields of criminology and psychology to provide a comprehensive examination of the two major areas that are most significantly effected by violent crime - the crime victims themselves and the larger sphere of their families, friends, neighborhoods, and communities. Beginning with a discussion of the how we measure and study violent victimization, the authors R. Barry Ruback and Martie P. Thompson, look at the immediate and long-term impact violent acts has upon the direct victims. Social and Psychological Consequences of Violent Victimization examines "secondary victims"- family members, neighbors, friends, and the professional involved with investigating and prosecuting the crime and helping the victim, and also impacts of violent crime on neighborhoods and communities. The authors conclude with recommendations of effective interventions that can be made at the levels of the individual, the community, and the criminal justice and mental health systems.

This book's one-of-a kind focus on both the psychological and social impact of crime makes it an invaluable supplementary text for criminal justice and criminology courses dealing with victimization, violent crimes, and the criminal justice process. The book will also interest professionals in victim services, crime prevention, criminal justice, and social work.

"The book achieves its goal of encouraging the reader to think broadly about how the consequences of violent victimization can be measured, understood, and prevented. The authors also achieve their goal of emphasizing the need for multiple research methods and multiple theoretical perspectives for understanding the effects and implications of violent crime. The book would certainly be a useful resource for students studying psychology or criminology, and is likely to be of interest to professionals who work with victims of violent crime."--CRIME PREVENTION AND COMMUNITY SAFETY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALWhat are the effects that violent crime has on our everyday lives, both in terms of the individual victims and their larger community? This unique text draws from both the fields of criminology and psychology to provide a comprehensive examination of the two major areas that are most significantly effected by violent crime - the crime victims themselves and the larger sphere of their families, friends, neighborhoods, and communities. Beginning with a discussion of the how we measure and study violent victimization, the authors R. Barry Ruback and Martie P. Thompson, look at the immediate and long-term impact violent acts has upon the direct victims. Social and Psychological Consequences of Violent Victimization examines "secondary victims"- family members, neighbors, friends, and the professional involved with investigating and prosecuting the crime and helping the victim, and also impacts of violent crime on neighborhoods and communities. The authors conclude with recommendations of effective interventions that can be made at the levels of the individual, the community, and the criminal justice and mental health systems.

This book's one-of-a kind focus on both the psychological and social impact of crime makes it an invaluable supplementary text for criminal justice and criminology courses dealing with victimization, violent crimes, and the criminal justice process. The book will also interest professionals in victim services, crime prevention, criminal justice, and social work.

Analyzing the findings of 20 studies, involving more than 5,000 people, this book explores the decision making process of the crime victim in the immediate aftermath of victimization. Using a broad range of innovative research techniques, the authors assess the effects of rape, robbery, burglary, and theft on individuals from diverse nationalities and ethnic backgrounds. This work will be of value to people who work directly with crime victims, and to researchers who are interested in the process of decision making under stressful circumstances.

Economic sanctions are court-imposed financial obligations aimed at punishing offenders (fines), funding the government (costs/fees, forfeitures), and compensating victims (restitution). These sanctions have been at the forefront of criminal justice reform in the past few years, and major legal and policy developments concerning such sanctions are under way across the country.Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice provides an in-depth overview on how economic sanctions are currently being used in the United States to address the multiple goals of criminal sentencing. Featuring 15 empirical studies conducted in Pennsylvania by author R. Barry Ruback, the book investigates the societal, legal, and psychological impacts of economic sanctions in sentencing and corrections, including punishment, reintegration into the community, and the treatment of crime victims. The book analyzes judges' and probation officers' decision-making when imposing and monitoring economic sanctions, and it examines how paying these financial obligations relates to offenders' recidivism. These analyses are tied to the issues of poverty and its intersection with race, including the disproportionate burden of sanctions placed on minority groups. Ending with opportunities for future research and alternatives to monetary sanctions, Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice is a go-to resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of legal psychology, criminal justice, and law advocating for what is fair and effective for victims, offenders, and society.

Economic sanctions are court-imposed financial obligations aimed at punishing offenders (fines), funding the government (costs/fees, forfeitures), and compensating victims (restitution). These sanctions have been at the forefront of criminal justice reform in the past few years, and major legal and policy developments concerning such sanctions are under way across the country.Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice provides an in-depth overview on how economic sanctions are currently being used in the United States to address the multiple goals of criminal sentencing. Featuring 15 empirical studies conducted in Pennsylvania by author R. Barry Ruback, the book investigates the societal, legal, and psychological impacts of economic sanctions in sentencing and corrections, including punishment, reintegration into the community, and the treatment of crime victims. The book analyzes judges'' and probation officers'' decision-making when imposing and monitoring economic sanctions, and it examines how paying these financial obligations relates to offenders'' recidivism. These analyses are tied to the issues of poverty and its intersection with race, including the disproportionate burden of sanctions placed on minority groups. Ending with opportunities for future research and alternatives to monetary sanctions, Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice is a go-to resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of legal psychology, criminal justice, and law advocating for what is fair and effective for victims, offenders, and society.

Economic sanctions are court-imposed financial obligations aimed at punishing offenders (fines), funding the government (costs/fees, forfeitures), and compensating victims (restitution). These sanctions have been at the forefront of criminal justice reform in the past few years, and major legal and policy developments concerning such sanctions are under way across the country.Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice provides an in-depth overview on how economic sanctions are currently being used in the United States to address the multiple goals of criminal sentencing. Featuring 15 empirical studies conducted in Pennsylvania by author R. Barry Ruback, the book investigates the societal, legal, and psychological impacts of economic sanctions in sentencing and corrections, including punishment, reintegration into the community, and the treatment of crime victims. The book analyzes judges'' and probation officers'' decision-making when imposing and monitoring economic sanctions, and it examines how paying these financial obligations relates to offenders'' recidivism. These analyses are tied to the issues of poverty and its intersection with race, including the disproportionate burden of sanctions placed on minority groups. Ending with opportunities for future research and alternatives to monetary sanctions, Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice is a go-to resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of legal psychology, criminal justice, and law advocating for what is fair and effective for victims, offenders, and society.

"The book achieves its goal of encouraging the reader to think broadly about how the consequences of violent victimization can be measured, understood, and prevented. The authors also achieve their goal of emphasizing the need for multiple research methods and multiple theoretical perspectives for understanding the effects and implications of violent crime. The book would certainly be a useful resource for students studying psychology or criminology, and is likely to be of interest to professionals who work with victims of violent crime."--CRIME PREVENTION AND COMMUNITY SAFETY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALWhat are the effects that violent crime has on our everyday lives, both in terms of the individual victims and their larger community? This unique text draws from both the fields of criminology and psychology to provide a comprehensive examination of the two major areas that are most significantly effected by violent crime - the crime victims themselves and the larger sphere of their families, friends, neighborhoods, and communities. Beginning with a discussion of the how we measure and study violent victimization, the authors R. Barry Ruback and Martie P. Thompson, look at the immediate and long-term impact violent acts has upon the direct victims. Social and Psychological Consequences of Violent Victimization examines "secondary victims"- family members, neighbors, friends, and the professional involved with investigating and prosecuting the crime and helping the victim, and also impacts of violent crime on neighborhoods and communities. The authors conclude with recommendations of effective interventions that can be made at the levels of the individual, the community, and the criminal justice and mental health systems.

This book's one-of-a kind focus on both the psychological and social impact of crime makes it an invaluable supplementary text for criminal justice and criminology courses dealing with victimization, violent crimes, and the criminal justice process. The book will also interest professionals in victim services, crime prevention, criminal justice, and social work.

"The book achieves its goal of encouraging the reader to think broadly about how the consequences of violent victimization can be measured, understood, and prevented. The authors also achieve their goal of emphasizing the need for multiple research methods and multiple theoretical perspectives for understanding the effects and implications of violent crime. The book would certainly be a useful resource for students studying psychology or criminology, and is likely to be of interest to professionals who work with victims of violent crime."--CRIME PREVENTION AND COMMUNITY SAFETY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNALWhat are the effects that violent crime has on our everyday lives, both in terms of the individual victims and their larger community? This unique text draws from both the fields of criminology and psychology to provide a comprehensive examination of the two major areas that are most significantly effected by violent crime - the crime victims themselves and the larger sphere of their families, friends, neighborhoods, and communities. Beginning with a discussion of the how we measure and study violent victimization, the authors R. Barry Ruback and Martie P. Thompson, look at the immediate and long-term impact violent acts has upon the direct victims. Social and Psychological Consequences of Violent Victimization examines "secondary victims"- family members, neighbors, friends, and the professional involved with investigating and prosecuting the crime and helping the victim, and also impacts of violent crime on neighborhoods and communities. The authors conclude with recommendations of effective interventions that can be made at the levels of the individual, the community, and the criminal justice and mental health systems.

This book's one-of-a kind focus on both the psychological and social impact of crime makes it an invaluable supplementary text for criminal justice and criminology courses dealing with victimization, violent crimes, and the criminal justice process. The book will also interest professionals in victim services, crime prevention, criminal justice, and social work.

Analyzing the findings of 20 studies, involving more than 5,000 people, this book explores the decision making process of the crime victim in the immediate aftermath of victimization. Using a broad range of innovative research techniques, the authors assess the effects of rape, robbery, burglary, and theft on individuals from diverse nationalities and ethnic backgrounds. This work will be of value to people who work directly with crime victims, and to researchers who are interested in the process of decision making under stressful circumstances.