R. J. C. Harris – författare

Cell Growth and Cell Division documents the proceedings of a symposium on cell growth and division in bacterial, plant, and animal systems held at the Institute of Histology in Liège, 19-24 May 1962. Both the biochemical and the cytological aspects of the subject matter are well treated. This book points out the problems which are currently receiving the most attention and the experimental approaches which are being developed. It is hoped that this work will stimulate further research in the field. The book contains 18 chapters and begins with a study on independent cycles of cell division and DNA synthesis in Tetrahymena. Subsequent chapters deal with topics such as cell division and growth in synchronized flagellates; intercellular regulation of meiosis and mitosis; the patterns of growth and synthesis during the cell cycle of the fission yeast S. pombe; and of cleavage of animal cells.

Cytogenetics of Cells in Culture documents the proceedings of a symposium that aimed to not only establish guideposts to the direction of the most recent progress in the rapidly developing field of cybegenetics, but to cross-pollinate, in the best Mendelian tradition, the thinking of widely recognized leaders in this field with the current ideas of their colleagues, within the intimacy of this small meeting. The contributors to this symposium emphasized (1) new techniques to detect patterns of DNA replication, to better understand cellular control mechanisms, and to perform chromosome analyses with automated instrumentation; (2) the effects of cell hybridization and of noxious substances such as radiation, chemical agents, and viruses on chromosomal patterns; and (3) the influence of altered chromosomal complement on the survival of cells to long-term tissue culture or to ionizing radiation treatment. It is hoped that the products of the many stimulating discussions which ensued during the 3-day gatherings will stimulate increased vigor and proliferation of research by the participants. It is further hoped that the publication of this volume will infect the reader with new concepts and ideas which will eventually broaden views of cytogenetics.

Biological Organization at the Cellular and Supercellular Level provides information on some of the most intriguing problems of cell biology. This book discusses the models for gene function as well as the simple mechanisms found in bacteria. Organized into 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the model for the regulation of DNA replication. This text then examines the specific properties of an organism, which arise from its catalytic constitution. Other chapters consider the experiments to test whether enzyme induction is accompanied by an increase in the rate of synthesis of the specific messenger RNA corresponding to the structural gene that controls the induced enzyme. This book discusses as well the comparison of the properties of the two types of CO2-sensitive flies, namely, the non-stabilized and the stabilized. The final chapter deals with the morphological or structural aspects of biological organization. This book is a valuable resource for geneticists, embryologists, and cancerologists.

Cytogenetics of Cells in Culture is a compendium of papers that deals with techniques to detect patterns of DNA replication, cellular control mechanisms, and chromosome analyses with automated instrumentation. Some papers discuss the effects of cell hybridization and of noxious substances such as radiation, chemical agents, and viruses on chromosomal patterns. Other papers focus on the influence of altered chromosomal complement on the survival of cells to long-term tissue culture or to ionizing radiation treatment. A couple of papers points out that naturally occurring chromosomal abnormalities in mammalian populations are relatively rare and are not necessarily associated with physical defects or disease. One paper notes that chromosomes in cells with different functions have different patterns of replication in which the changes are small and hidden. The chromosomes will usually be neutralized showing little of the characteristic pattern of replication or condensation during the early cleavage stages, that will later change into differentiated characteristic ways for each tissue type. Another paper describes chromosome breakage associated with viruses and DNA inhibitors. The compendium can prove beneficial for biochemists, micro-biologists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology or physiology.

Cell Growth and Cell Division is a collection of papers dealing with the biochemical and cytological aspects of cell development and changes in bacterial, plant, and animal systems. One paper discusses studies on the nuclear and cytoplasmic growth of ten different strains of the genus Blepharisma, in which different types of nutrition at high and low temperatures alter the species to the extent that they became morphologically indistinguishable. The paper describes the onset of death at high and low temperatures as being preceded by a decrease in the size of the cytoplasm and a corresponding decrease in the size of the macronucleus. The moribund organisms, still possessing structure, are motionless with no distinguishable macronuclear materials. Another paper presents the response of meiotic and mitotic cells to azaguanine, chloramphenicol, ethionine, and 5-methyltryptophan. The paper describes the failure of spindle action, arrest of second division, inhibition of cytokinesis, aberrant wall synthesis, and alterations in chromosome morphology in meiosis cells. In the case of mitosis, a single enzyme—thymidine phosphorylase—shows that reagents which inhibit protein synthesis also inhibit the appearance of that enzyme if the reagent is applied one day before it normally appears. Other papers discuss control mechanisms for chromosome reproduction in the cell cycle, as well as the force of cleavage of the dividing sea urchin egg. The collection can prove valuable for bio-chemists, cellular biologists, micro-biologists, and developmental biologists.

The Interpretation of Ulstrastructure is a collection of papers dealing with techniques in ulstrastructural research such as in fixation, reversed staining, ultrastructure in embryos and in plants, control of observations by light microscopy, and cytochemistry at the electron microscope level. One paper describes various fixatives used on rat liver tissue including a standard osmium tetroxide solution, pure melted osmium tetroxide, and strong osmium tetroxide solutions in carbon tetrachloride. Another paper points out that the use of electron micrographs of the cell nucleus and chromosomes should include approaches to chromosome analysis. For the investigator studying the three dimensional organization of chromosomes, his approaches should include classical cytology and cytogenetics, chemical and cytochemical studies on nuclei, as well as chemical and physical analysis of nucleic acid and nucleoprotein molecules. Several papers discuss the study of natural and artificial DNA-plasma by thin sections, an assessment of negative staining techniques for revealing ultrastructure, and other approaches in the study of biological ultrastructure by high-resolution electron microscopy. The collection will benefit microbiologists, biotechnologists, and academicians connected with the biological sciences.