R. L. Snyder - Böcker

Defect and Microstructure Analysis by Diffraction is focused on extracting information on the real structure of materials from their diffraction patterns. The primary features of a powder diffraction pattern are determined by the "idealized" periodic nature of the crystal structure. With the advent of computer automation the techniques for carrying out qualitative, quantitative and structure analysis based on the primary pattern features rapidly matured. In general, the deviations of a particular specimen, from the ideal or perfect crystal structure, cause diffraction peak profiles to broaden and sometimes to become asymmetric. Thus, information on the real structure or microstructure of a specimen can be obtained from a careful study of the diffraction line profiles. The evolving techniques for microstructure analysis from diffraction patterns such as micro-strain, crystallite size, macro-strain and preferred orientation analysis require an ever more detailed understanding of the effects of crystallographic mistakes on peak assymmetry and the effect of the distribution of small crystallites on the tails of diffraction peaks. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental theory and techniques for microstructure analysis from diffraction patterns and summarizes the current state of the art. This complete survey lays the foundation for the next and last major development in this field: the extraction of the full information in a powder pattern by the simulation of the full experimental pattern. The goal of this branch of science is to extract all of the information locked in the powder diffraction pattern including: the types and densities of stacking faults, the strain field produced by each, the anisotropic crystallite size and orientation, along with the size and strain distributions of each phase in a specimen. This book provides a complete summary of the developments of the twentieth century and points the way.

This book represents the proceedings of the second inter­ disciplinary conference on materials characterization held from July 30 through August 3, 1984 at the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University. The conference was the 20th in the University Series on Ceramic Science, instituted in 1964 by Alfred University, the University of California at Berkeley, North Carolina State University and Notre Dame University. Volume I of the proceedings of the first conference using this interdisciplinary approach to materials characterization was published as "Advances in Materials Characterization", edited by D. R. Rossington, R. A. Condrate and R. L. Snyder, and was listed as volume 15 of the Materials Science Research series of Plenum Press (New York, 1983). The purpose of bringing together scientists from a wide range of disciplines to present and discuss the latest developments in their fields is to promote cross fertilization. The first conference of this type and its resulting volume of proceedings stimulated a significant dialogue between disciplines concerning the characterization of materials, therefore indicating a need for a continuing series of such conferences. Characterization lies at the core of materials science.