Rainer Dietrich - Böcker

All accidents and incidents at the workplace, and the resulting consequences, are tied to human beings and their actions. Although their avoidance has been a crucial part of training in aviation for the past twenty years, it has been largely ignored in many other occupations with team structures similar to those in aviation. In such professions and workplaces, those involved are under high stress, with enormous workloads, simultaneously completing mental and motor tasks, facing unexpected situations involving great risk, and with uncertain final outcomes. The goal of researchers is to find ways to minimize human error and to understand the interaction amongst the members of the team fulfilling the task. Specialized training programmes, good management and clear rules that lay out which member is responsible for making decisions can be the first steps to reducing and managing such errors. This book is a major result of the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation's 6th Berlin Colloquium, ’Interaction in High Risk Environments’, hosted in 2002 by the Psycholinguistic Group of the Humbolt University Institute for German Language and Linguistics. This group is affiliated with the ongoing research group ’Group Interaction in High Risk Environments (GIHRE)’ sponsored by the Foundation based in Ladenburg, Germany. The Colloquium brings together experts from aerospace, clinical medicine, nuclear power, psychology, linguistics and psycholinguistics, to include fields that have yet to be a major focus of scientific investigations. Together, the authors explore scientific advances with direct application to a range of high risk environments. The aim is to address the issues and root causes of error and lack of teamwork by combining the knowledge of scientific experts with experience gained in different fields of industry and public life. Chapters span space travel, risk in the cockpit, safety in medicine, nuclear submarine salvage, large construction sites, police

What governs the way in which people work together and handle technology in high risk environments? The understanding of decision making, communication and the other dimensions of team interaction within aircrews and other teams in highly stressful situations, is based on a multitude of diverse factors, each with its own literature and individual studies. This book is about how teams function in just such situations, providing a uniquely integrated and interdisciplinary account of the dynamics and main explanatory factors of team interaction under high workload. The book stems from the interdisciplinary research project 'Group Interaction in High Risk Environments' (GIHRE), a Collegium of the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation. The goals of the project, and therefore the book, are to investigate, analyze and understand the behavior of professional groups working in high risk environments and to develop practical suggestions for enhancing performance. A central focus of this book is how groups in these professions deal with the factors that can threaten the safety and effectiveness of their task performance, whether these factors are part of the environment or part of the team itself. Four representative workplaces were investigated in three broad settings: in aviation, the cockpit of a commercial airliner; in medicine, the operating room and the intensive care unit of a hospital; in nuclear power, the control room of a nuclear power plant. The international and interdisciplinary composition of the Collegium ensures the book features a variety of different methodological and conceptual approaches, which are brought to bear at both theoretical and practical levels. Readers working in all related fields will find value in the case descriptions, the academic synthesis of the similarities between them, and ways to approach new challenges; specialists in applied psychology, human factors and technical management will gain new insights.

What governs the way in which people work together and handle technology in high risk environments? The understanding of decision making, communication and the other dimensions of team interaction within aircrews and other teams in highly stressful situations, is based on a multitude of diverse factors, each with its own literature and individual studies. This book is about how teams function in just such situations, providing a uniquely integrated and interdisciplinary account of the dynamics and main explanatory factors of team interaction under high workload. The book stems from the interdisciplinary research project 'Group Interaction in High Risk Environments' (GIHRE), a Collegium of the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation. The goals of the project, and therefore the book, are to investigate, analyze and understand the behavior of professional groups working in high risk environments and to develop practical suggestions for enhancing performance. A central focus of this book is how groups in these professions deal with the factors that can threaten the safety and effectiveness of their task performance, whether these factors are part of the environment or part of the team itself. Four representative workplaces were investigated in three broad settings: in aviation, the cockpit of a commercial airliner; in medicine, the operating room and the intensive care unit of a hospital; in nuclear power, the control room of a nuclear power plant. The international and interdisciplinary composition of the Collegium ensures the book features a variety of different methodological and conceptual approaches, which are brought to bear at both theoretical and practical levels. Readers working in all related fields will find value in the case descriptions, the academic synthesis of the similarities between them, and ways to approach new challenges; specialists in applied psychology, human factors and technical management will gain new insights.

All accidents and incidents at the workplace, and the resulting consequences, are tied to human beings and their actions. Although their avoidance has been a crucial part of training in aviation for the past twenty years, it has been largely ignored in many other occupations with team structures similar to those in aviation. In such professions and workplaces, those involved are under high stress, with enormous workloads, simultaneously completing mental and motor tasks, facing unexpected situations involving great risk, and with uncertain final outcomes. The goal of researchers is to find ways to minimize human error and to understand the interaction amongst the members of the team fulfilling the task. Specialized training programmes, good management and clear rules that lay out which member is responsible for making decisions can be the first steps to reducing and managing such errors. This book is a major result of the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation's 6th Berlin Colloquium, ’Interaction in High Risk Environments’, hosted in 2002 by the Psycholinguistic Group of the Humbolt University Institute for German Language and Linguistics. This group is affiliated with the ongoing research group ’Group Interaction in High Risk Environments (GIHRE)’ sponsored by the Foundation based in Ladenburg, Germany. The Colloquium brings together experts from aerospace, clinical medicine, nuclear power, psychology, linguistics and psycholinguistics, to include fields that have yet to be a major focus of scientific investigations. Together, the authors explore scientific advances with direct application to a range of high risk environments. The aim is to address the issues and root causes of error and lack of teamwork by combining the knowledge of scientific experts with experience gained in different fields of industry and public life. Chapters span space travel, risk in the cockpit, safety in medicine, nuclear submarine salvage, large construction sites, police

This head volume of the 'Narrating Futures' series defines and identifies Future Narratives. It parses their characteristic features and aims at an abstract classification of the whole corpus, irrespective of its concrete manifestations across the media. Drawing on different theorems and approaches, it offers a unified theory and a poetics of Future Narratives. Locating the media-historical moment of their emergence, this volume paves the way for the following volumes, which deal with how Future Narratives are refracted through different media.

Anhand der leitenden Fragestellung Welche kognitiven Voraussetzungen und Prozesse machen die menschliche Sprachfähigkeit aus? bietet der Band eine umfassende Einführung in die Psycholinguistik. Er präsentiert die folgenden Teilgebiete: Sprachliches Wissen, Spracherwerb, Sprechen, Sprachverstehen sowie Störung und Krankheit des Sprachsystems. Eine umfangreiche Bibliographie und ein Sachregister schließen den Band ab. - Die dritte Auflage wurde vollständig neu bearbeitet sowie aktualisiert und berücksichtigt insbesondere neuere neurowissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse. Im zweifarbigen Layout.

Standardwerk jetzt wieder neu. Der Band gilt als wichtige Einführung in die Themen Spracherwerb, Sprachverstehen, Sprechen und Störung des Sprachsystems. Die 2. Auflage ist jetzt u. a. erweitert um neuere Befunde zu neurobiologischen Methoden und um Erkenntnisse zur Psycholinguistik des Lesens.

1. 1 Anlaß und Ziel Einer, der abends nach Hause kommt, kann sagen Für heute hätten wir's wieder mal geschafft. Er sagt es in der Form des Irrealis, meint aber etwas ganz und gar Reales. Oder man kann sich fragen, ob der Satz Wie sollte denn dein Mann einmal aussehen? dasselbe ausdrückt wie Wie sieht dein Traummann aus? Oder: Welche Modalisierung ist im Spiel, wenn jemand urteilt, daß das Essen genießbar war. Und: Ist der Imperativ ein Modus, und wo liegt eigentlich der Witz in Palmströms messerscharfem Fehlschluß, daß nicht sein kann, was nicht sein darf? Das Kapitel Modalität hat in der Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft viele Seiten, und es steckt noch voller Rätsel. Das erfährt besonders, wer sich mit übergreifenden Regularitäten in komplexen sprachlichen Äußerungen wie Texten befaßt und dabei gerade das Ineinandergreifen der involvierten Teilsysteme berücksichtigen will. Das etwa ist die Ausgangssituation für die folgenden Betrachtun­ gen. Sie sollen dazu beitragen aufzuklären, nach welchen Prinzipien Texte strukturiert sind. Nach allgemeinem Konsens sind dies eben Prin­ zipien unterschiedlicher Reichweite, über unterschiedlichen sprachlichen Entitäten und von unterschiedlicher Relevanz für das Gelingen der Kom­ munikation. Die Gesamtvorstellung, in die die Ergebnisse der folgenden Überlegungen eingefügt werden sollen, ist, daß ein Text - semantisch gesehen - einen komplexen Sachverhalt darstellt, in seinen referentiellen Ausdrücken auf einen Verwendungszusammenhang bezogen ist und prag­ matisch als Erledigung einer kommunikativen Aufgabe verstanden wird.