Rakesh K. Gupta – författare

This book covers issues related to imaging features of various CNS infections and defines the use of newer techniques such as magnetization transfer imaging, spectroscopy, and diffusion-weighted imaging in various infections.

An analysis of polymer and composite rheology. This second edition covers flow properties of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, and general principles and applications of all phases of polymer rheology, with new chapters on the rheology of particulate and fibre composites. It also includes new and expanded detail on polymer blends and emulsions, foams, reacting systems, and flow through porous media as well as composite processing operations.

The science of rheology and its applications have grown steadily. Although polymers dominated in the past, the applications to foods have become increasingly important over the last four decades. The complexity of food rheology has not only generated increased interest among academics, but it has also led to an increased recognition of its importance in the food industry. Emphasizing physics rather than mathematics, Polymer and Food Rheology: Volume 1, Applications to Single-Phase Systems focuses on rheological characteristics and properties of single substances and homogeneous mixtures. It introduces fundamental principles, types of flows, types of instruments, their theory, capabilities, limitations, and sources of error. Both sophisticated rheometers and simple devices and their uses are considered.This book discusses the types of material functions (properties) obtained from the different types of measurements and techniques: shear viscosity, normal stress differences, dynamic mechanical properties, and extensional viscosityIt uses selected data of polymers and foods to illustrate the types of behaviors one could expect from these materialsIt shows the effect of polymer structure, such as molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, long chain branching, temperature, pressure, and deformation rate on the material properties, using published data on LDPE, HDPE, and LLDPE; the applicability of these relationships to foods is also discussedIt links the measurement techniques to practical applications such as the choice, processing, and design of polymers and foodsIt explains concepts such as entanglement, shear thinning, extensional strain hardening, melt strength, time-temperature superposition, among others and their relevance to practical applicationsIt describes the theory behind selected constitutive equations, their utility in modeling, and applicationsThis text is aimed at researchers and industrial practitioners in materials and chemical engineering as well as chemistry.

An analysis of polymer and composite rheology. This second edition covers flow properties of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, and general principles and applications of all phases of polymer rheology, with new chapters on the rheology of particulate and fibre composites. It also includes new and expanded detail on polymer blends and emulsions, foams, reacting systems, and flow through porous media as well as composite processing operations.

Reflecting the exceptional growth in the use of nanostructured materials for an increasing range of industrial applications, Polymer Nanocomposites Handbook comprehensively covers the synthesis of nanomaterials that act as the building blocks of polymer nanocomposites and polymers that act as matrix materials. From early history to new technologies, the book guides readers through the development of nanocomposites and their broad and rapidly developing applications from flame retardant properties to advances in polymer compounding. Using examples from today’s leading academic and industrial research labs, top scientists provide in-depth discussions of the science, processing, and technology that have accompanied nanocomposites’ ascension into the world of chemical and materials science. With nineteen chapters authored by world leaders in nanocomposite research, this handbook provides diverse and authoritative coverage on the scientific underpinnings and revolutionary discoveries related to this promising field.

Graphite, Graphene, and Their Polymer Nanocomposites presents a compilation of emerging research trends in graphene-based polymer nanocomposites (GPNC). International researchers from several disciplines share their expertise about graphene, its properties, and the behavior of graphene-based composites. Possibly the first published monograph of its kind, this book provides a comprehensive snapshot of graphite, graphene, and their PNCs, including the underlying physics and chemistry, and associated applications. Beginning with an introduction to natural and synthetic graphite, the precursors to graphene, the text describes their properties, characterization techniques, and prominent commercial applications.The focus then moves to graphene and its unique features, and techniques for its characterization. The chapters cover advances in electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, as well as exfoliation routes to produce graphene and graphite nanoplatelets for polymer composites. They also explore commercial use of graphene-based materials, such as emerging clean energy and pulse laser applications, and use as nanofillers in epoxy-based composites. The authors provide an overview of nanofillers and address two methods for GPNC preparation as well as specialized properties of GPNC. With its multidisciplinary approach, this book provides a broader scientific and engineering perspective necessary for meaningful advancements to take place.

Diseases once believed to be confined to the tropics, such as parasitic, mycobacterial, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections are still a major cause of mortality and moribidity in the tropics, yet can affect the developed world in an era of increased global travel and migration. Neuroimaging technique developments over the last several decades have helped clinicians better understand and diagnose these conditions. Experts from tropical countries share their experiences regarding tropical disorders, some of which are rare in the western world, but possible to appear in patients and not readily recognized by specialists not familiar with these diseases.

Topics in this issue include: Relevance of neuroimaging in the diagnosis and management of tropical neurologic disorders; Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Tuberculosis; Parasitic diseases of nervous system; Neuroimaging in Post-infectious Demyelination and Nutritional Disorders of the Central Nervous System; CNS Fungal Infections in the Tropics; Neuroimaging Epilepsy in the Tropics; Neuroimaging in Cranio-Vertebral Anomalies as seen in Tropics; Vascular Brain Pathologies; Neurobrucellosis; Hirayama Disease; Transverse Myelitis; and Pyomyositis.

Central nervous system (CNS) infections continue to pose a serious problem in health care even with improved knowledge and treatment. Despite the introduction of newer antimicrobial agents and diagnostic techniques, the morbidity and mortality associated with CNS infections remain high. The morbidity associated with CNS infections may be even more important than the death rate especially in developing countries as neurological sequelae may deprive the survivors of intellect and physical ability, demeaning the quality of life and burdening health resources and social services. MR imaging is an important integral part of the protocol for the management of CNS infections and MR spectroscopy is increasingly being utilized in its management. This work is an attempt to provide a comprehensive review of imaging and spectroscopy of the commonly encountered CNS infections in the clinical practice in developing and developed countries. The first chapter deals with basic physical principles of MR imaging and spectroscopy that will help beginners to understand the technical terms used in subsequent chapters. The remaining 10 chapters deal with clinical, pathological, MR imaging and spectroscopy features and their applications in CNS infections. This will help in giving a comprehensive understanding to readers with a background in clinical, radiological, basic MRI, and neurological sciences. The T2 hypointense lesions are a real diagnostic dilemma especially in developing countries for which an algorithm has been suggested in the concluding chapter.

Exploring the chemistry of synthesis, mechanisms of polymerization, reaction engineering of step-growth and chain-growth polymerization, polymer characterization, thermodynamics and structural, mechanical, thermal and transport behavior of polymers as melts, solutions and solids, Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering, Third Edition covers essential concepts and breakthroughs in reactor design and polymer production and processing. It contains modern theories and real-world examples for a clear understanding of polymer function and development. This fully updated edition addresses new materials, applications, processing techniques, and interpretations of data in the field of polymer science. It discusses the conversion of biomass and coal to plastics and fuels, the use of porous polymers and membranes for water purification, and the use of polymeric membranes in fuel cells. Recent developments are brought to light in detail, and there are new sections on the improvement of barrier properties of polymers, constitutive equations for polymer melts, additive manufacturing and polymer recycling. This textbook is aimed at senior undergraduate students and first year graduate students in polymer engineering and science courses, as well as professional engineers, scientists, and chemists. Examples and problems are included at the end of each chapter for concept reinforcement.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a scan that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.This book is a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis and management of neurological infectious diseases using MRI. Divided into four sections, the text begins with an introduction to tropical diseases of the central nervous system, and their epidemiology.The second section provides in depth coverage of the technique of MRI, from the basic principles, to clinical application and more advanced features.The following sections describe use of the technique for both infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, HIV and parasitic diseases; and noninfectious conditions, such as stroke, poisoning and epilepsy.Each chapter features numerous MRI and pathological images and extensive references. Key pointsComprehensive guide to diagnosis and management of neurological infectious diseases in tropics using MRIIn depth coverage of the technique, from basics to more advanced aspectsCovers MRI for both infectious and noninfectious conditionsIncludes nearly 300 MRI and pathological images