This represents the third volume in a series on cancer markers pub- lished by the Humana Press. The first volume, published in 1980, stressed the relationship of development and cancer as reflected in the production of markers by cancer that are also produced by normal cells during fetal development. The concept that cancer represents a problem of differentiation was introduced by Barry Pierce in describing differenti- ation of teratocarcinomas. Highlighted were lymphocyte markers, alphafetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ectopic hormones, enzymes and isozymes, pregnancy proteins, and fibronectin. The second volume, published in 1982 and coedited with Britta Wahren, focused on the diagnostic use of oncological markers in human cancers, which were systematically treated on an organ by organ basis. At that time, the application of monoclonal antibodies to the identification of cancer markers was still in a very preliminary stage. A general introduc- tion to monoclonal antibodies to human tumor antigens was given there by William Raschke, and other authors included coverage of those mark- ers then detectable by monoclonal antibodies in their chapters.

This represents the third volume in a series on cancer markers pub- lished by the Humana Press. The first volume, published in 1980, stressed the relationship of development and cancer as reflected in the production of markers by cancer that are also produced by normal cells during fetal development. The concept that cancer represents a problem of differentiation was introduced by Barry Pierce in describing differenti- ation of teratocarcinomas. Highlighted were lymphocyte markers, alphafetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ectopic hormones, enzymes and isozymes, pregnancy proteins, and fibronectin. The second volume, published in 1982 and coedited with Britta Wahren, focused on the diagnostic use of oncological markers in human cancers, which were systematically treated on an organ by organ basis. At that time, the application of monoclonal antibodies to the identification of cancer markers was still in a very preliminary stage. A general introduc- tion to monoclonal antibodies to human tumor antigens was given there by William Raschke, and other authors included coverage of those mark- ers then detectable by monoclonal antibodies in their chapters.

Information about histocompatibility antigens is expanding so rapidly that it is difficult to remain abreast of aB advances. In these volumes, we have made an effort to bring together the most current work on topics that have generated most of the re cent advances and discussions. We have asked each author to present and interpret his most current work, and we have judiciously refrained from imposing our own prejudices and viewpoints. Although there is obvious overlap in some individual topics, we have encouraged this to provide the reader with as many different and some­ times opposing viewpoints as possible. This approach will, we liope, give a broad overview of current ideas in the field. We wish to thank all contributors for their timely and exciting manu­ scripts, and we sincerely hope that the reader will benefit from these volumes. R. A. Reisfeld S. Ferrone La Jolla ix Contents I. Serology and Genetics Chapter 1 Studies of HLA-DR Antigens by Complement Fixation Jacques M. Colombani, Laurent Degos, Virginia Lepage, Helene Dastot, Muriel Reboul, and Pierre Lethielleux 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Material and Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. 1. Screening for Anti-HLA-DR Complement-Fixing Sera . . . . . . . . 4 3. 2. Expression of HLA-A, -B and -DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes during Phytohemagglutinin Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3. Expression of HLA-A, -B and -DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes during Concanavalin A Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. 4.

Information about histocompatibility antigens is expanding so rapidly that it is difficult to remain abreast of aB advances. In these volumes, we have made an effort to bring together the most current work on topics that have generated most of the re cent advances and discussions. We have asked each author to present and interpret his most current work, and we have judiciously refrained from imposing our own prejudices and viewpoints. Although there is obvious overlap in some individual topics, we have encouraged this to provide the reader with as many different and some­ times opposing viewpoints as possible. This approach will, we liope, give a broad overview of current ideas in the field. We wish to thank all contributors for their timely and exciting manu­ scripts, and we sincerely hope that the reader will benefit from these volumes. R. A. Reisfeld S. Ferrone La Jolla ix Contents I. Serology and Genetics Chapter 1 Studies of HLA-DR Antigens by Complement Fixation Jacques M. Colombani, Laurent Degos, Virginia Lepage, Helene Dastot, Muriel Reboul, and Pierre Lethielleux 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Material and Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. 1. Screening for Anti-HLA-DR Complement-Fixing Sera . . . . . . . . 4 3. 2. Expression of HLA-A, -B and -DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes during Phytohemagglutinin Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3. Expression of HLA-A, -B and -DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes during Concanavalin A Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. 4.

Information about histocompatibility antigens is expanding so rapidly that of all advances. In these volumes, we have it is difficult to remain abreast made an effort to bring together the most current work on topics that have generated most of the recent advances and discussions. We have asked each author to present and interpret his most current work, and we have judiciously refrained from imposing our own prejudices and viewpoints. Although there is obvious overlap in some individual topics, we have encouraged this to provide the reader with as many different and some­ times opposing viewpoints as possible. This approach will, we hope, give a broad overview of current ideas in the field. We wish to thank all contributors for their timely and exciting manu­ scripts, and we sincerely hope that the reader will benefit from these volumes. R. A. Reisfeld S. Ferrone La Jolla vii Contents I. Role of Histocompatibility Antigens in Cell-Cell Interaction Chapter 1 Histocompatibility Antigens and the T-Cell Repertoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Harald von Boehmer 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. H-2 Restriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 1. H-2 Restriction of T Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 2. B Cells Are Not H-2-Restricted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. H-2-Linked Ir Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. 1. Influence on the T-Cell Repertoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. 2. H-2-Gene Complementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. 3. TheB-Cell Repertoire Is Not Directly Influenced by H-2-Linked Ir Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4. Frequency of Cells Specific for Allogeneic H-2 Antigens . . . . . . . . 12 4. 1. Allospecific T Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4. 2. Allospecific B Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

This represents the third volume in a series on cancer markers pub- lished by the Humana Press. The first volume, published in 1980, stressed the relationship of development and cancer as reflected in the production of markers by cancer that are also produced by normal cells during fetal development. The concept that cancer represents a problem of differentiation was introduced by Barry Pierce in describing differenti- ation of teratocarcinomas. Highlighted were lymphocyte markers, alphafetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ectopic hormones, enzymes and isozymes, pregnancy proteins, and fibronectin. The second volume, published in 1982 and coedited with Britta Wahren, focused on the diagnostic use of oncological markers in human cancers, which were systematically treated on an organ by organ basis. At that time, the application of monoclonal antibodies to the identification of cancer markers was still in a very preliminary stage. A general introduc- tion to monoclonal antibodies to human tumor antigens was given there by William Raschke, and other authors included coverage of those mark- ers then detectable by monoclonal antibodies in their chapters.

This represents the third volume in a series on cancer markers pub- lished by the Humana Press. The first volume, published in 1980, stressed the relationship of development and cancer as reflected in the production of markers by cancer that are also produced by normal cells during fetal development. The concept that cancer represents a problem of differentiation was introduced by Barry Pierce in describing differenti- ation of teratocarcinomas. Highlighted were lymphocyte markers, alphafetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ectopic hormones, enzymes and isozymes, pregnancy proteins, and fibronectin. The second volume, published in 1982 and coedited with Britta Wahren, focused on the diagnostic use of oncological markers in human cancers, which were systematically treated on an organ by organ basis. At that time, the application of monoclonal antibodies to the identification of cancer markers was still in a very preliminary stage. A general introduc- tion to monoclonal antibodies to human tumor antigens was given there by William Raschke, and other authors included coverage of those mark- ers then detectable by monoclonal antibodies in their chapters.

Information about histocompatibility antigens is expanding so rapidly that it is difficult to remain abreast of aB advances. In these volumes, we have made an effort to bring together the most current work on topics that have generated most of the re cent advances and discussions. We have asked each author to present and interpret his most current work, and we have judiciously refrained from imposing our own prejudices and viewpoints. Although there is obvious overlap in some individual topics, we have encouraged this to provide the reader with as many different and some­ times opposing viewpoints as possible. This approach will, we liope, give a broad overview of current ideas in the field. We wish to thank all contributors for their timely and exciting manu­ scripts, and we sincerely hope that the reader will benefit from these volumes. R. A. Reisfeld S. Ferrone La Jolla ix Contents I. Serology and Genetics Chapter 1 Studies of HLA-DR Antigens by Complement Fixation Jacques M. Colombani, Laurent Degos, Virginia Lepage, Helene Dastot, Muriel Reboul, and Pierre Lethielleux 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Material and Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. 1. Screening for Anti-HLA-DR Complement-Fixing Sera . . . . . . . . 4 3. 2. Expression of HLA-A, -B and -DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes during Phytohemagglutinin Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3. Expression of HLA-A, -B and -DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes during Concanavalin A Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. 4.

Information about histocompatibility antigens is expanding so rapidly that it is difficult to remain abreast of aB advances. In these volumes, we have made an effort to bring together the most current work on topics that have generated most of the re cent advances and discussions. We have asked each author to present and interpret his most current work, and we have judiciously refrained from imposing our own prejudices and viewpoints. Although there is obvious overlap in some individual topics, we have encouraged this to provide the reader with as many different and some­ times opposing viewpoints as possible. This approach will, we liope, give a broad overview of current ideas in the field. We wish to thank all contributors for their timely and exciting manu­ scripts, and we sincerely hope that the reader will benefit from these volumes. R. A. Reisfeld S. Ferrone La Jolla ix Contents I. Serology and Genetics Chapter 1 Studies of HLA-DR Antigens by Complement Fixation Jacques M. Colombani, Laurent Degos, Virginia Lepage, Helene Dastot, Muriel Reboul, and Pierre Lethielleux 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Material and Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. 1. Screening for Anti-HLA-DR Complement-Fixing Sera . . . . . . . . 4 3. 2. Expression of HLA-A, -B and -DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes during Phytohemagglutinin Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3. Expression of HLA-A, -B and -DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes during Concanavalin A Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. 4.

Information about histocompatibility antigens is expanding so rapidly that of all advances. In these volumes, we have it is difficult to remain abreast made an effort to bring together the most current work on topics that have generated most of the recent advances and discussions. We have asked each author to present and interpret his most current work, and we have judiciously refrained from imposing our own prejudices and viewpoints. Although there is obvious overlap in some individual topics, we have encouraged this to provide the reader with as many different and some­ times opposing viewpoints as possible. This approach will, we hope, give a broad overview of current ideas in the field. We wish to thank all contributors for their timely and exciting manu­ scripts, and we sincerely hope that the reader will benefit from these volumes. R. A. Reisfeld S. Ferrone La Jolla vii Contents I. Role of Histocompatibility Antigens in Cell-Cell Interaction Chapter 1 Histocompatibility Antigens and the T-Cell Repertoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Harald von Boehmer 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. H-2 Restriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 1. H-2 Restriction of T Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 2. B Cells Are Not H-2-Restricted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. H-2-Linked Ir Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. 1. Influence on the T-Cell Repertoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. 2. H-2-Gene Complementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. 3. TheB-Cell Repertoire Is Not Directly Influenced by H-2-Linked Ir Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4. Frequency of Cells Specific for Allogeneic H-2 Antigens . . . . . . . . 12 4. 1. Allospecific T Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4. 2. Allospecific B Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .