Ran Tao – författare
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5 produkter
5 produkter
Meritocracy or Patronage?
Political Foundations of China's Economic Transition
Inbunden, Engelska, 2024
748 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
This study interrogates the theoretical and empirical validities of two dominant theories about Chinese state in the post-Mao period. The authors argue that the meritocratic view has under-theorized the innate contradiction between officials' personal competence and political loyalty. In order to survive political struggles, political leaders need to rely on patronage networks to recruit followers and solidify trust, often at the expense of official competence. The popular view also misrepresents China's cadre assessment system in several important ways. The authors supplement this theoretical and anecdotal evidence with a systematic study of provincial level officials between 1978 and 2020. Contrary to the meritocratic view, leaders' economic performance does not increase their promotion chances. Work ties with central leaders, on the other hand, have provided provincial officials with advantage in promotion. This study contributes to general theories of autocratic state and inform the debate about autocratic growth in the political economy literature.
232 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
This study interrogates the theoretical and empirical validities of two dominant theories about Chinese state in the post-Mao period. The authors argue that the meritocratic view has under-theorized the innate contradiction between officials' personal competence and political loyalty. In order to survive political struggles, political leaders need to rely on patronage networks to recruit followers and solidify trust, often at the expense of official competence. The popular view also misrepresents China's cadre assessment system in several important ways. The authors supplement this theoretical and anecdotal evidence with a systematic study of provincial level officials between 1978 and 2020. Contrary to the meritocratic view, leaders' economic performance does not increase their promotion chances. Work ties with central leaders, on the other hand, have provided provincial officials with advantage in promotion. This study contributes to general theories of autocratic state and inform the debate about autocratic growth in the political economy literature.
660 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
2 069 kr
Skickas inom 11-20 vardagar
There are mainly two types of addition: substance addiction (e.g., nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, heroin, stimulants, etc.) and non-substance addiction (e.g., gambling, computer gaming, Internet, etc.).
Del 1495 - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Substance and Non-substance Addiction
Inbunden, Engelska, 2025
1 987 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book focuses on the similarities and distinctions between substance and non-substance addictions, offering a detailed discussion of their mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. It addresses selected prospects that will shape future studies on addiction. Addiction is a global problem that costs millions of lives tremendous damage year after year. These two primary types of addictions share certain common mechanisms, which involve a dysfunction of the neural reward system and specific gene transcription factors. While they also have key differences. The information is covered in this book systematically and provides readers with a better understanding of drug and behavioral addictions. This book is valuable for researchers, students and anyone who are interested in additions research.In this 2nd edition, all chapters have been updated, and new chapters are added. The new chapter covers research in recent years, on the role of neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, opioid, glutamate and norepinephrine in substance addiction and non-substance addiction, in order to provide a fuller discussion on the similarities and differences in their neurobiological mechanisms.