Robert R. Duke's Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary provides comprehensive dictionary entries for Hebrew and Aramaic words occurring 10 times or more for Hebrew words and 5 times or more for Aramaic words. Each entry provides a complete overview of the term and then helpfully ties the word's meaning to references and examples from the Hebrew Bible, aiding vocabulary memorization. An essential reference tool, it includes:All Hebrew words occurring 10 times or moreAll Aramaic words occurring 5 times or moreExamples of the word's usage in the Old TestamentEntries from several paleo-Hebrew texts, including the Dead Sea ScrollsThe dictionary is an essential reference for beginning, intermediate, and advanced readers of biblical Hebrew.

The Visions of Amram (4Q543–547), five copies of an Aramaic text found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, stems from the pre-Hasmonean period and provides evidence of a highly variegated society in early Judaism. In this book, Robert R. Duke offers a new reading of all the fragments and an in-depth discussion of their significance, illuminating a time period in Jewish history that needs more understanding and culminating in a suggested social location for its production. Duke concludes that 4Q543–547 was written by a disenfranchised group of priests who resided in Hebron. The importance of the patriarchal burials, chronology, endogamy, the figure of Moses, and angelology argue for a priestly group, whose members were also influenced by apocalyptic thinking. The suggestion of Hebron as the geographical location for this group is based on the theories of George Nickelsburg’s and David Suter’s work on 1 Enoch. Pre-Hasmonean Judaism was an intense time of dialogue and disagreement, and 4Q543–547 is one more item to consider in reconstructing these social realities.

Robert R. Duke's Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary provides comprehensive dictionary entries for Hebrew and Aramaic words occurring 10 times or more for Hebrew words and 5 times or more for Aramaic words. Each entry provides a complete overview of the term and then helpfully ties the word's meaning to references and examples from the Hebrew Bible, aiding vocabulary memorization. An essential reference tool, it includes:All Hebrew words occurring 10 times or moreAll Aramaic words occurring 5 times or moreExamples of the word's usage in the Old TestamentEntries from several paleo-Hebrew texts, including the Dead Sea ScrollsThe dictionary is an essential reference for beginning, intermediate, and advanced readers of biblical Hebrew.

The Visions of Amram (4Q543–547), five copies of an Aramaic text found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, stems from the pre-Hasmonean period and provides evidence of a highly variegated society in early Judaism. In this book, Robert R. Duke offers a new reading of all the fragments and an in-depth discussion of their significance, illuminating a time period in Jewish history that needs more understanding and culminating in a suggested social location for its production. Duke concludes that 4Q543–547 was written by a disenfranchised group of priests who resided in Hebron. The importance of the patriarchal burials, chronology, endogamy, the figure of Moses, and angelology argue for a priestly group, whose members were also influenced by apocalyptic thinking. The suggestion of Hebron as the geographical location for this group is based on the theories of George Nickelsburg’s and David Suter’s work on 1 Enoch. Pre-Hasmonean Judaism was an intense time of dialogue and disagreement, and 4Q543–547 is one more item to consider in reconstructing these social realities.