Robert Wuthnow – författare

A billion-dollar a year polling industry claims to tell us not only which political candidates will win, but also how we are practicing our faith. Polls and surveys on American religion tell us how many Americans went to church last week, whether Americans have been born again, if there is a war on Christmas, if atheists are winning, if miracles happen, and if Jesus is as popular as Harry Potter. No matter the topic, pollsters always seem to have the answer.Robert Wuthnow questions why it has become easy to take all of these results for granted. Response rates have plummeted, push polls done by robotic-calling machines have become more frequent, and sampling has become more difficult. A large majority of the public doubts that polls can be trusted.Inventing American Religion argues that the time has come for serious questions to be asked about the polling industry's role in American religion. The book contextualizes the place of polls and surveys in American religion, stepping back in time and looking at how this method of seeking information began. By tracing its history, examining the powerful rise of polling, and tackling the difficult questions of how polls and surveys should be thought of in American religion today, Wuthnow's book looks into how these factors have made the industry what it is today.

Robert Wuthnow contributes to those reflections on religion that are cropping up at the end of the millennium by offering a sobering, realistic, and hopeful assessment of where the church is now, and where the church is heading.

Wuthnow, a noted sociologist of religion, here improves our understanding of kindness in American life, and how people became kind and caring. He examines a cross-section of young volunteers to see how habits are cultivated before adulthood, and paints a compelling picture of the role of families, mentors, and institutions in the moral life of teenagers. In doing so he sheds light on the true nature of voluntarism and moral education.

America's churches have fallen on hard times. But this crisis, says Wuthnow, is more than economic; it is at bottom spiritual. He points to both the failure of the clergy to confront their financial problems head-on, and their neglect of the real spiritual needs of their predominantly middle-class congregations. He offers specific suggestions for more effective ministry.

Are human rights universal or the product of specific cultures? Is democracy a necessary condition for the achievement of human rights in practice? And when, if ever, is it legitimate for external actors to impose their understandings of human rights upon particular countries? In the contemporary context of globalization, these questions have a salient religious dimension. Religion intersects with global human rights agendas in multiple ways, including: whether ''universal'' human rights are in fact an imposition of Christian understandings; whether democracy, the ''rule of the people,'' is compatible with God's law; and whether international efforts to enforce human rights including religious freedom amount to an illicit imperialism. This book brings together leading specialists across disciplines for the first major survey of the religious politics of human rights across the world's major regions, political systems, and faith traditions. The authors take a bottom-up approach and focus particularly on hot-button issues like human rights in Islam, Falun Gong in China, and religion in the former Soviet Union. Each essay examines the interaction of human rights and religion in practice and the challenges they pose for national and international policymakers.

Are human rights universal or the product of specific cultures? Is democracy a necessary condition for the achievement of human rights in practice? And when, if ever, is it legitimate for external actors to impose their understandings of human rights upon particular countries? In the contemporary context of globalization, these questions have a salient religious dimension. Religion intersects with global human rights agendas in multiple ways, including: whether ''universal'' human rights are in fact an imposition of Christian understandings; whether democracy, the ''rule of the people,'' is compatible with God's law; and whether international efforts to enforce human rights including religious freedom amount to an illicit imperialism. This book brings together leading specialists across disciplines for the first major survey of the religious politics of human rights across the world's major regions, political systems, and faith traditions. The authors take a bottom-up approach and focus particularly on hot-button issues like human rights in Islam, Falun Gong in China, and religion in the former Soviet Union. Each essay examines the interaction of human rights and religion in practice and the challenges they pose for national and international policymakers.

How does religious faith contribute to happiness? The usual answer is that religious belief relieves the anxieties of ordinary life and that religious belonging provides emotional support. But a growing body of literature suggests that happiness is more complicated than that. Happiness is not only a feeling. It is a practice that we engage in actively, that we attempt to manage, and that is in many ways managed for us -- by social norms and institutions.In Nurturing Happiness, Robert Wuthnow develops the concept of emotional practice and locates it in the sociological literature on practice theory. He describes how American faith leaders at pivotal moments in their history attempted to nurture -- and control -- their adherents' thoughts about happiness and their experiences of it. He shows how religious authorities used their discursive power to draw moral distinctions among kinds of happiness and their institutional power to manage where it took place and how it was expressed. And he demonstrates that religious authorities' efforts to nurture happiness, while not always effective, played a crucial role in faith communities' adaptation to changing social conditions.This book describes these adaptations in colonial-era arguments about heavenly joy and virtuous living, nineteenth-century revival meetings and festive events, Progressive-era advocacy for useful service, recent efforts to link play with transcendence and to associate joyful spirituality with personal discipline, and current responses to the fallout from illicit pursuits of happiness. Nurturing Happiness is required reading for anyone interested in understanding how religious faith relates to happiness.

How does religious faith contribute to happiness? The usual answer is that religious belief relieves the anxieties of ordinary life and that religious belonging provides emotional support. But a growing body of literature suggests that happiness is more complicated than that. Happiness is not only a feeling. It is a practice that we engage in actively, that we attempt to manage, and that is in many ways managed for us -- by social norms and institutions.In Nurturing Happiness, Robert Wuthnow develops the concept of emotional practice and locates it in the sociological literature on practice theory. He describes how American faith leaders at pivotal moments in their history attempted to nurture -- and control -- their adherents' thoughts about happiness and their experiences of it. He shows how religious authorities used their discursive power to draw moral distinctions among kinds of happiness and their institutional power to manage where it took place and how it was expressed. And he demonstrates that religious authorities' efforts to nurture happiness, while not always effective, played a crucial role in faith communities' adaptation to changing social conditions.This book describes these adaptations in colonial-era arguments about heavenly joy and virtuous living, nineteenth-century revival meetings and festive events, Progressive-era advocacy for useful service, recent efforts to link play with transcendence and to associate joyful spirituality with personal discipline, and current responses to the fallout from illicit pursuits of happiness. Nurturing Happiness is required reading for anyone interested in understanding how religious faith relates to happiness.

Robert Wuthnow has been praised as one of ¨the country's best social scientists¨ by columnist David Brooks, who hails his writing as ¨tremendously valuable.¨ The New York Times calls him ¨temperate, balanced, compassionate,¨ adding, öne can't but admire Mr. Wuthnow's views.¨ A leading authority on religion, he now addresses one of the most profound subjects: the end of the world.In Be Very Afraid, Wuthnow examines the human response to existential threats--once a matter for theology, but now looming before us in multiple forms. Nuclear weapons, pandemics, global warming: each threatens to destroy the planet, or at least to annihilate our species. Freud, he notes, famously taught that the standard psychological response to an overwhelming danger is denial. In fact, Wuthnow writes, the opposite is true: we seek ways of positively meeting the threat, of doing something--anything--even if it's wasteful and time-consuming. The atomic era that began with the bombing of Hiroshima sparked a flurry of activity, ranging from duck-and-cover drills, basement bomb shelters, and marches for a nuclear freeze. All were arguably ineffectual, yet each sprang from an innate desire to take action. It would be one thing if our responses were merely pointless, Wuthnow observes, but they can actually be harmful. Both the public and policymakers tend to model reactions to grave threats on how we met previous ones. The response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, for example, echoed the Cold War--citizens went out to buy duct tape, mimicking 1950s-era civil defense measures, and the administration launched two costly conflicts overseas. Offering insight into our responses to everything from An Inconvenient Truth to the bird and swine flu epidemics, Robert Wuthnow provides a profound new understanding of the human reaction to existential vulnerability.

Robert Wuthnow has been praised as one of "the country's best social scientists" by columnist David Brooks, who hails his writing as "tremendously valuable." The New York Times calls him "temperate, balanced, compassionate," adding, "one can't but admire Mr. Wuthnow's views." A leading authority on religion, he now addresses one of the most profound subjects: the end of the world.In Be Very Afraid, Wuthnow examines the human response to existential threats--once a matter for theology, but now looming before us in multiple forms. Nuclear weapons, pandemics, global warming: each threatens to destroy the planet, or at least to annihilate our species. Freud, he notes, famously taught that the standard psychological response to an overwhelming danger is denial. In fact, Wuthnow writes, the opposite is true: we seek ways of positively meeting the threat, of doing something--anything--even if it's wasteful and time-consuming. The atomic era that began with the bombing of Hiroshima sparked a flurry of activity, ranging from duck-and-cover drills, basement bomb shelters, and marches for a nuclear freeze. All were arguably ineffectual, yet each sprang from an innate desire to take action. It would be one thing if our responses were merely pointless, Wuthnow observes, but they can actually be harmful. Both the public and policymakers tend to model reactions to grave threats on how we met previous ones. The response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, for example, echoed the Cold War--citizens went out to buy duct tape, mimicking 1950s-era civil defense measures, and the administration launched two costly conflicts overseas.Offering insight into our responses to everything from An Inconvenient Truth to the bird and swine flu epidemics, Robert Wuthnow provides a profound new understanding of the human reaction to existential vulnerability.

What is Public religion? How does it manifest the sacred? These are the fundamental questions Robert Wuthnow addresses in Producing the Sacred.Wuthnow uses as a guiding assumption the idea that cultural expressions, religious or otherwise, do not simply happen but are produced. He considers the major kinds of organizations that produce public religion--congregations, hierarchies, special interests, academies, and public rituals--showing how these organizational vehicles shape public religion's messages and how specific types of religious organization draw resources from their environments. He also reveals the implicit and unintended ways in which sacredness is expressed in modern society.  A volume in the series Public Expressions of Religion in America

First published in 1984, Cultural Analysis is a systematic examination of the theories of culture contained in the writings of four contemporary social theorists: Peter L. Berger, Mary Douglas, Michel Foucault, and Jürgen Habermas.This study of their work clarifies their contributions to the analysis of culture and shows the converging assumptions that the authors believe are laying the foundation for a new approach to the study of culture. The focus is specifically on culture, a concept that remains subject to ambiguities of treatment, and concentrates on questions concerning the definition and content of culture, its construction, its relations with social conditions, and the manner in which it may be changing. The books demonstrates how these writers have made strides towards defining culture as an objective element of social interaction which can be subjected to critical investigation.

First published in 1984, Cultural Analysis is a systematic examination of the theories of culture contained in the writings of four contemporary social theorists: Peter L. Berger, Mary Douglas, Michel Foucault, and Jürgen Habermas.This study of their work clarifies their contributions to the analysis of culture and shows the converging assumptions that the authors believe are laying the foundation for a new approach to the study of culture. The focus is specifically on culture, a concept that remains subject to ambiguities of treatment, and concentrates on questions concerning the definition and content of culture, its construction, its relations with social conditions, and the manner in which it may be changing. The books demonstrates how these writers have made strides towards defining culture as an objective element of social interaction which can be subjected to critical investigation.

"Meaning and Moral Order" goes beyond classical, neoclassical, and poststructural theories of culture in its attempt to move away from problems of meaning to a more objective concept of culture. Innovative, controversial, challenging, it will compel scholars to rethink many of the assumptions on which the study of ideology, ritual, religion, science, and culture have been based.

The evolution of American spirituality over the past fifty years is the subject of Robert Wuthnow's engrossing new book. Wuthnow uses in-depth interviews and a broad range of resource materials to show how Americans, from teenagers to senior citizens, define their spiritual journeys. His findings are a telling reflection of the changes in beliefs and lifestyles that have occurred throughout the United States in recent decades. Wuthnow reconstructs the social and cultural reasons for an emphasis on a spirituality of dwelling (houses of worship, denominations, neighborhoods) during the 1950s. Then in the 1960s a spirituality of seeking began to emerge, leading individuals to go beyond established religious institutions. In subsequent chapters Wuthnow examines attempts to reassert spiritual discipline, encounters with the sacred (such as angels and near-death experiences), and the development of the 'inner self'. His final chapter discusses a spirituality of practice, an alternative for people who are uncomfortable within a single religious community and who want more than a spirituality of endless seeking.The diversity of contemporary American spirituality comes through in the voices of the interviewees. Christians, Jews, Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus, and Native Americans are included, as are followers of occult practices, New Age religions, and other eclectic groups. Wuthnow also notes how politicized spirituality, evangelical movements, and resources such as Twelve-Step programs and mental health therapy influence definitions of religious life today. Wuthnow's landmark book, "The Restructuring of American Religion" (1988), documented the changes in institutional religion in the United States; now "After Heaven" explains the changes in personal spirituality that have come to shape our religious life. Moreover, it is a compelling and insightful guide to understanding American culture at century's end.

Robert Wuthnow and John H. Evans bring together a stellar collection of essays that paints a contemporary portrait of American Protestantism--a denomination that has remained quietly, but firmly, influential in the public sphere. Mainline Protestants may have steered clear of the controversial, attention-grabbing tactics of the Religious Right, but they remain culturally influential and continue to impact American society through political action and the provision of social services. The contributors to this volume address religion's larger role in society and cover such topics as welfare, ecology, family, civil rights, and homosexuality. Pioneering, timely, and meticulously researched, The Quiet Hand of God will be an essential reference to the dynamics of American religion well into the twenty-first century.

In a provocative book that explores the fascinating link between the creative and the sacred, Robert Wuthnow claims that artists have become the spiritual vanguard of our time. Drawing on in-depth interviews with painters, sculptors, writers, singers, dancers, and actors, Wuthnow includes the spiritual insights of accomplished artists who have gained prominence as Broadway performers, gospel singers, jazz musicians, poets, Native American painters, weavers, dancers, and installation artists. He profiles such national figures as novelist Madeleine L'Engle, playwright Tony Kushner, photographer Andres Serrano, sculptor Greg Wyatt, dancer Carla DeSola, and woodcarver David Ellsworth. Situating these artists' reflections in the context of wider cultural ferment, Wuthnow argues that spirituality is coming increasingly to focus on the inherently ineffable character of the sacred--what artists refer to as divine mystery. As growing numbers of Americans doubt the adequacy of religious creeds in defining the sacred, they are turning to artists who seek a more intuitive sense of the sacred through symbols and imagery.These artists provide rich insights into the social and cultural problems of our time. Many have been shaped by the growing ethnic, racial, and religious diversity of the United States. Many are at the cutting edge of new thinking about body, mind, and spirit, and many are seeking ways to integrate their understandings of spirituality with interests in nature and preserving the environment. For readers interested in exploring contemporary spirituality or engaged in spiritual pursuits of their own, this engaging, elegantly written, and erudite book will answer many questions about the changing moral and spiritual role of creativity and the arts.

In "Boundless Faith", the first book to look systematically at American Christianity in relation to globalization, Robert Wuthnow shows that American Christianity is increasingly influenced by globalization and is, in turn, playing a larger role in other countries and in U.S. policies and programs abroad. These changes, he argues, can be seen in the growth of support at home for missionaries and churches in other countries and in the large number of Americans who participate in short-term volunteer efforts abroad. These outreaches include building orphanages, starting microbusinesses, and setting up computer networks. Drawing on a comprehensive survey that was conducted for this book, as well as several hundred in-depth interviews with church leaders, Wuthnow refutes several prevailing stereotypes: that U.S. churches have turned away from the global church and overseas missions, that congregations only look inward, and that the growing voice of religion in areas of foreign policy is primarily evangelical. This fresh and revealing book encourages Americans to pay attention to the grass-roots mechanisms by which global ties are created and sustained.

The United States is one of the most highly educated societies on earth, and also one of the most religious. In "The God Problem", Robert Wuthnow examines how middle class Americans juggle the seemingly paradoxical relationship between faith and reason. Based on exceptionally rich and candid interviews with approximately two hundred people from various faiths, this book dispels the most common explanations: that Americans are adept at keeping religion and intellect separate, or that they are a nation of "joiners". Instead, Wuthnow argues, we do this - not by coming up with rational proofs for the existence of God - but by adopting subtle usages of language that keep us from making unreasonable claims about God. In an illuminating narrative that reveals the complex negotiations many undertake in order to be religious in the modern world, Wuthnow probes the ways of talking that occur in prayers, in discussions about God, in views of heaven, in understandings of natural catastrophes and personal tragedies, and in attempts to reconcile faith with science.

The late 1960s and early 1970s marked an era of profound social experimentation and cultural transformation. This period saw an explosion of countercultural movements, ranging from communes and alternative family structures to radical political organizations like SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) and SLA (Symbionese Liberation Army). Alongside these visible upheavals, subtler shifts occurred in societal attitudes toward sexuality, race, religion, and politics, reflecting a broader reimagining of fundamental social norms. These changes collectively signify a pivotal moment in American history, with enduring implications for understanding social conflict and transformation.This book seeks to explain the underlying forces driving these shifts by focusing on what we term the "new consciousness"—a cultural evolution that legitimized and encouraged social experimentation. Departing from traditional analyses that attribute unrest to economic or institutional strains, this study explores symbolic cultural constructions and their role in reshaping societal values. By emphasizing how individuals interpret their circumstances rather than solely examining objective conditions, we align with theoretical traditions like those of Weber and symbolic interactionism. Our inquiry examines four dominant meaning systems in American culture—Theism, Individualism, Social Determinism, and Mysticism—and their varying relationships with social experimentation, aiming to uncover how these symbolic frameworks influence attitudes, behaviors, and societal change.This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1976.

Experimentation in American Religion: The New Mysticism and Their Implications for the Churches explores the emergence of new religious movements in America, particularly those outside the traditional Judeo-Christian framework. Wuthnow examines these movements in the context of the societal shifts during the 20th century, focusing on why they gained popularity, especially among groups that traditional religions had struggled to engage, such as college students, young people, and the educated. These new religions often draw from Eastern spiritual practices, the occult, and humanistic ideals, challenging the dominance of conventional Western religious traditions.The book uses a sociological approach, relying on random-sample surveys to analyze patterns in religious commitment, focusing on social factors such as education, age, and background. Although the study acknowledges the limitations of sociological data in fully capturing the nuances of religious belief, it aims to provide insight into the social context of these new religious movements and why certain individuals are attracted to them. The author avoids adhering to any single sociological theory, recognizing that different types of new religious movements, such as yoga, astrology, and psychic phenomena, require distinct explanations. This work is part of a larger project to understand the changing religious landscape in America, building on the research conducted by Wuthnow and others at the Survey Research Center.This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1978.

Experimentation in American Religion: The New Mysticism and Their Implications for the Churches explores the emergence of new religious movements in America, particularly those outside the traditional Judeo-Christian framework. Wuthnow examines these movements in the context of the societal shifts during the 20th century, focusing on why they gained popularity, especially among groups that traditional religions had struggled to engage, such as college students, young people, and the educated. These new religions often draw from Eastern spiritual practices, the occult, and humanistic ideals, challenging the dominance of conventional Western religious traditions.The book uses a sociological approach, relying on random-sample surveys to analyze patterns in religious commitment, focusing on social factors such as education, age, and background. Although the study acknowledges the limitations of sociological data in fully capturing the nuances of religious belief, it aims to provide insight into the social context of these new religious movements and why certain individuals are attracted to them. The author avoids adhering to any single sociological theory, recognizing that different types of new religious movements, such as yoga, astrology, and psychic phenomena, require distinct explanations. This work is part of a larger project to understand the changing religious landscape in America, building on the research conducted by Wuthnow and others at the Survey Research Center.This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1978.

The late 1960s and early 1970s marked an era of profound social experimentation and cultural transformation. This period saw an explosion of countercultural movements, ranging from communes and alternative family structures to radical political organizations like SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) and SLA (Symbionese Liberation Army). Alongside these visible upheavals, subtler shifts occurred in societal attitudes toward sexuality, race, religion, and politics, reflecting a broader reimagining of fundamental social norms. These changes collectively signify a pivotal moment in American history, with enduring implications for understanding social conflict and transformation.This book seeks to explain the underlying forces driving these shifts by focusing on what we term the "new consciousness"—a cultural evolution that legitimized and encouraged social experimentation. Departing from traditional analyses that attribute unrest to economic or institutional strains, this study explores symbolic cultural constructions and their role in reshaping societal values. By emphasizing how individuals interpret their circumstances rather than solely examining objective conditions, we align with theoretical traditions like those of Weber and symbolic interactionism. Our inquiry examines four dominant meaning systems in American culture—Theism, Individualism, Social Determinism, and Mysticism—and their varying relationships with social experimentation, aiming to uncover how these symbolic frameworks influence attitudes, behaviors, and societal change.This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1976.

In this volume, six prominent writers from different disciplines strive to analyze the Presbyterian predicament and to offer solutions. The authors each approach this theme from a different angle, resulting in a varied and highly informative look at the state of the Presbyterian Church.Through its examination of American Presbyterianism, the Presbyterian Presence series illuminates patterns of change in mainstream Protestantism and American religious and cultural life in the twentieth century.

It has become common to lament Americans' tendency to pursue individual interests apart from any institutional association. But to those who charge that Americans are at home watching television rather than getting involved in their communities, Robert Wuthnow answers that while certain kinds of civic engagement may be declining, innovative new forms are taking their place.Acknowledging that there has been a significant change in group affiliations--away from traditional civic organizations--Wuthnow shows that there has been a corresponding movement toward affiliations that respond to individual needs and collective concerns. Many Americans are finding new and original ways to help one another through short-term task-oriented networks. Some are combining occupational skills with community interests in nonprofit and voluntary associations. Others use communication technologies, such as the World Wide Web, to connect with like-minded people in distant locations. And people are joining less formal associations, such as support groups and lobbying efforts, within their home communities.People are still connected, but because of the realities of daily life, they form "loose connections." These more fluid groups are better suited to dealing with today's needs than the fraternal orders and ladies' auxiliaries of the past. Wuthnow looks at the challenges that must be faced if these innovative forms of civic involvement are to flourish, and calls for resources to be made available to strengthen the more constructive and civic dimensions of these organizations. This book helps us to understand and encourage the community spirit of today.

Sociologist Robert Wuthnow notes remarkable similarities in the social conditions surrounding three of the greatest challenges to the status quo in the development of modern society—the Protestant Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the rise of Marxist socialism.

A look at how support groups have affected American society argues that, although support groups provide a warmth and security that holds society together, they can lead to an unhealthy self-absorption and a trivialized sense of what is sacred.

Drawing on a new survey of more than two thousand working Americans, the author of Christianity in the 21st Century explores the relationship between religious faith and attitudes toward work and money to examine Americans' ambivalence toward materialism and consumerism.

The description for this book, The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith since World War II, will be forthcoming.