Roger Prud'homme – författare

The aim of this book is to relate fluid flows to chemical reactions. It focuses on the establishment of consistent systems of equations with their boundary conditions and interfaces, which allow us to model and deal with complex situations.Chapter 1 is devoted to simple fluids, i.e. to a single chemical constituent. The basic principles of incompressible and compressible fluid mechanics, are presented in the most concise and educational manner possible, for perfect or dissipative fluids. Chapter 2 relates to the flows of fluid mixtures in the presence of chemical reactions. Chapter 3 is concerned with interfaces and lines. Interfaces have been the subject of numerous publications and books for nearly half a century. Lines and curvilinear media are less known Several appendices on mathematical notation, thermodynamics and mechanics methods are grouped together in Chapter 4.This summary presentation of the basic equations of simple fluids, with exercises and their solutions, as well as those of chemically reacting flows, and interfaces and lines will be very useful for graduate students, engineers, teachers and scientific researchers in many domains of science and industry who wish to investigate problems of reactive flows. Portions of the text may be used in courses or seminars on fluid mechanics.

The aim of this book is to relate fluid flows to chemical reactions. It focuses on the establishment of consistent systems of equations with their boundary conditions and interfaces, which allow us to model and deal with complex situations.Chapter 1 is devoted to simple fluids, i.e. to a single chemical constituent. The basic principles of incompressible and compressible fluid mechanics, are presented in the most concise and educational manner possible, for perfect or dissipative fluids. Chapter 2 relates to the flows of fluid mixtures in the presence of chemical reactions. Chapter 3 is concerned with interfaces and lines. Interfaces have been the subject of numerous publications and books for nearly half a century. Lines and curvilinear media are less known Several appendices on mathematical notation, thermodynamics and mechanics methods are grouped together in Chapter 4.This summary presentation of the basic equations of simple fluids, with exercises and their solutions, as well as those of chemically reacting flows, and interfaces and lines will be very useful for graduate students, engineers, teachers and scientific researchers in many domains of science and industry who wish to investigate problems of reactive flows. Portions of the text may be used in courses or seminars on fluid mechanics.

Contents

1. Flows in Nozzles.2. Chemical Reactors.3. Laminar and Turbulent Flames.Appendix 1. Dimensionless Numbers, Similarity.Appendix 2. Thermodynamic Functions.Appendix 3. Concepts of Turbulence.Appendix 4. Thermodynamic functions for a mixture in disequilibrium.Appendix 5. Notion of bifurcation.Appendix 6. Confined flame.Appendix 7. Limits of Validity of the First-order Expansions for Diffusion Flames.

Contents

1. Flows in Nozzles.2. Chemical Reactors.3. Laminar and Turbulent Flames.Appendix 1. Dimensionless Numbers, Similarity.Appendix 2. Thermodynamic Functions.Appendix 3. Concepts of Turbulence.Appendix 4. Thermodynamic functions for a mixture in disequilibrium.Appendix 5. Notion of bifurcation.Appendix 6. Confined flame.Appendix 7. Limits of Validity of the First-order Expansions for Diffusion Flames.

This book - a sequel of previous publications Flows and Chemical Reactions, Chemical Reactions Flows in Homogeneous Mixtures and Chemical Reactions and Flows in Heterogeneous Mixtures - is devoted to flows with chemical reactions in the electromagnetic field.

The first part, entitled basic equations, consists of four chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of the equations of electromagnetism in Minkowski spacetime. This presentation is extended to balance equations, first in homogeneous media unpolarized in the second chapter and homogeneous fluid medium polarized in the third chapter. Chapter four is devoted to heterogeneous media in the presence of electromagnetic field. Balance equations at interfaces therein.

The second part of this volume is entitled applications. It also includes four chapters. Chapter five provides a study of the action of fields on fire. Chapter six deals with a typical application for the Peltier effect, chapter seven is devoted to metal-plasma interaction, especially in the Langmuir probe and finally Chapter Eight deals with the propulsion Hall effect.

Are given in appendix supplements the laws of balance with electromagnetic field and described the methodology for establishing one-dimensional equations for flow comprising active walls as is the case in some Hall effect thrusters.

This book - a sequel of previous publications ''Flows and Chemical Reactions'' and ''Chemical Reactions in Flows and Homogeneous Mixtures'' - is devoted to flows with chemical reactions in heterogeneous environments. Heterogeneous media in this volume include interfaces and lines. They may be the site of radiation. Each type of flow is the subject of a chapter in this volume.

We consider first, in Chapter 1, the question of the generation of environments biphasic individuals: dusty gas, mist, bubble flow. Chapter 2 is devoted to the study at the mesoscopic scale: particle-fluid exchange of momentum and heat with determination of the respective exchange coefficients. In Chapter 3, we establish simplified equations of macroscopic balance for mass, for the momentum and energy, in the case of particles of one size (monodisperse suspension). Radiative phenomena are presented in Chapter 5.

This book - a sequel of previous publications ''Flows and Chemical Reactions'' and ''Chemical Reactions in Flows and Homogeneous Mixtures'' - is devoted to flows with chemical reactions in heterogeneous environments. Heterogeneous media in this volume include interfaces and lines. They may be the site of radiation. Each type of flow is the subject of a chapter in this volume.

We consider first, in Chapter 1, the question of the generation of environments biphasic individuals: dusty gas, mist, bubble flow. Chapter 2 is devoted to the study at the mesoscopic scale: particle-fluid exchange of momentum and heat with determination of the respective exchange coefficients. In Chapter 3, we establish simplified equations of macroscopic balance for mass, for the momentum and energy, in the case of particles of one size (monodisperse suspension). Radiative phenomena are presented in Chapter 5.

This book - a sequel of previous publications Flows and Chemical Reactions, Chemical Reactions Flows in Homogeneous Mixtures and Chemical Reactions and Flows in Heterogeneous Mixtures - is devoted to flows with chemical reactions in the electromagnetic field.

The first part, entitled basic equations, consists of four chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of the equations of electromagnetism in Minkowski spacetime. This presentation is extended to balance equations, first in homogeneous media unpolarized in the second chapter and homogeneous fluid medium polarized in the third chapter. Chapter four is devoted to heterogeneous media in the presence of electromagnetic field. Balance equations at interfaces therein.

The second part of this volume is entitled applications. It also includes four chapters. Chapter five provides a study of the action of fields on fire. Chapter six deals with a typical application for the Peltier effect, chapter seven is devoted to metal-plasma interaction, especially in the Langmuir probe and finally Chapter Eight deals with the propulsion Hall effect.

Are given in appendix supplements the laws of balance with electromagnetic field and described the methodology for establishing one-dimensional equations for flow comprising active walls as is the case in some Hall effect thrusters.

Interfaces are present in most fluid mechanics problems. They not only denote phase separations and boundary conditions, but also thin flames and discontinuity waves. Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces 3 firstly positions models as relative to applications (i.e. pollution, drops for propulsion, wind power, etc.), then emphasizes the importance of social consequences.

Chapter 1 examines the questions raised by simulation of a pollutant''s concentration degradation in permanent 2D flow using the finite element method. Chapter 2 considers an approximate analytical solution for mixed injection regimes, which acts on drop vaporization frequency response. Chapter 3 examines the case of an incompressible external flow of uniform speed at infinity, leading the liquid in the drop by friction. Chapter 4 gives a summary of combustion-based weapons and their effects. Chapter 5 then looks at the shifting interface in spacetime. Chapter 6 limits itself to two key concepts: the first is that of capillary interfaces where surface tension is present even at equilibrium, the second is that of thin flames which only exist outside of equilibrium, but which can be considered as generalized interfaces. Chapter 7 challenges the idea of constituents of matter, leading to radically transforming chemistry. Chapter 8 is concerned by the modeling of partial wetting by macroscopic approach in discrete mechanics. Chapter 9 states a numerical method of finished differences, making it possible to calculate the variables describing an average flow. Chapter 10 considers circulation in the vessels of the human body. Chapter 11 contributes by generalizing the classical series solution for initial boundary value problems of the 1D reaction-diffusion equations on any finite interval of the real line.

Interfaces are present in most fluid mechanics problems. They not only denote phase separations and boundary conditions, but also thin flames and discontinuity waves. Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces 3 firstly positions models as relative to applications (i.e. pollution, drops for propulsion, wind power, etc.), then emphasizes the importance of social consequences.

Chapter 1 examines the questions raised by simulation of a pollutant''s concentration degradation in permanent 2D flow using the finite element method. Chapter 2 considers an approximate analytical solution for mixed injection regimes, which acts on drop vaporization frequency response. Chapter 3 examines the case of an incompressible external flow of uniform speed at infinity, leading the liquid in the drop by friction. Chapter 4 gives a summary of combustion-based weapons and their effects. Chapter 5 then looks at the shifting interface in spacetime. Chapter 6 limits itself to two key concepts: the first is that of capillary interfaces where surface tension is present even at equilibrium, the second is that of thin flames which only exist outside of equilibrium, but which can be considered as generalized interfaces. Chapter 7 challenges the idea of constituents of matter, leading to radically transforming chemistry. Chapter 8 is concerned by the modeling of partial wetting by macroscopic approach in discrete mechanics. Chapter 9 states a numerical method of finished differences, making it possible to calculate the variables describing an average flow. Chapter 10 considers circulation in the vessels of the human body. Chapter 11 contributes by generalizing the classical series solution for initial boundary value problems of the 1D reaction-diffusion equations on any finite interval of the real line.