R. Droh Ladies and gentlemen. dear friends and colleagues. we welcome you very cordially to our symposium "Innovations in Management and Technic and Pharmacol­ ogy". We are very glad that you have come to Liidenscheid and we do hope that our programme will fulfil your expectations. We decided to hold this symposium, because it is getting more and more dif­ ficult to select innovations at international congresses around the world which are important for our clinical work. Now and in the future our intention is to present the actual state of technology. management and pharmacology. We would be very glad to receive your suggestions for further symposia. The industry has the same problems as we have. They do not only have to search for those things which can be realized and which are desirable, but also for those things which can be sold. But the industry must also be stimulated by the inventors and by the users, so we want to bring together the industry, the physicians and the inventors for fruitful discussions. And we hope that in the fu­ ture the industry will provide us more quickly with those technical and organiz­ ational aids that we need. We want the indu~try no longer running behind the market but heading the market. At present too many interesting developments are killed by so-called market analysis, in the beliefing that such analysis can always prove what cannot be sold. In anaesthesia many companies are always busy with the same product.

This volume contains the lectures and discussion papers presented at the II. In­ ternational Symposium on Innovations in Management, Technology and Phar­ macology held on 26-28 May 1984 in Liidenscheid. This symposium delt with fur­ ther developments in the sector of the closed-circuit system; non-invasive mea­ surement and monitoring systems; new aspects of cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology; oxygen-transporting substances; and particular questions in pharma­ cology. The purpose of this meeting was to allow a mutual international exchange of news on interesting new developments, particularly as these relate to the closed-circuit system, and the encouragement of further scientific developments. It must be made clear that the large-scale introduction of the closed-circuit sys­ tem has to be the occasion of completely new quality standards both in anesthesia and in all related technological sectors, combined with the highest demands in terms of precision and measuring techniques. The conventional and still quite crude clinical anesthetic procedures will have to make way for much more phys­ iological, micromolecular precision techniques, which will compare with our present methods rather in the same way as a microelectrode to a spear and will allow new levels of achievement in anesthesiology. All our tasks will need to be rethought and thoroughly understood from these aspects. Some anesthesists, physiologists and engineers already see the closed-circuit system as a challenge, while for others this system will still mean a great deal of work and creativity be­ fore the problems are finally solved in the future.

Das vorliegende Werk stellt eine Materialsammlung aus Vortragen zweier Internationaler Symposien dar, die sich mit den naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen tiber Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung von Musik, mit mogli- chen therapeutischen Anwendungen sowie mit geisteswissenschaftlichen Aspekten beschaftigen. Die Ftille des inzwischen wissenschaftlich gesicherten Materials legt die Inauguration des Begriffes "Musikmedizin" nahe, wobei hiermit die medi- zinische Anwendung von Musik gemeint ist. Musiktherapie im eigentlichen Sinne ist als psychotherapeutisches Ver- fahren ein Teilgebiet der Musikmedizin. Es solI nicht verkannt werden, daB noch umfangreiche Studien erforder- lich sind, urn klinisch zuverlassige Daten tiber Zusammensetzung, Dosie- rung und Applikationsweise musikalischer Reize bzw. musikalischer Sub- strukturen innerhalb einer "musikalischen Apotheke" moglich zu machen. Die vorliegende Materialsammlung solI ein erster Schritt in diese Richtung sem. Fur Anregung und Kritik sind die Herausgeber jederzeit dankbar. R. 5PINTGE und R.DROH Ltidenscheid, November 1986 v Preface This book contains a selection of papers presented at two international symposia addressing the scientific principles underlying the perception and mental processing of music, the possibilities of the use of music in therapy, and also considerations from the point of view of the fine arts. The body of this material, which has been scientifically verified, is closely connected to the introduction of the concept of "music medicine", by wich is meant the use of music for medical purposes. As a psychotherapeutic method, music therapy as such is a subdivision of music medicine.

Sportliche Höchstleistungen werden heute oft nur noch unter Schmerzen erbracht und viele Sporttreibende leiden unter schmerzhaften Bewegungs- und Leistungseinschränkungen. Der mit großen Schmerzen verbundene Tod einer begabten Hochleistungssportlerin ging in jüngster Vergangenheit durch alle Medien. In diesem Buch wird erstmals der aktuelle Themenbereich Schmerz und Sport aus interdisziplinärer Sicht umfassend abgehandelt. Sportmediziner, Orthopäden, Physiologen, Schmerz- und Physiotherapeuten, Psychologen, Trainer und Sportler vermitteln in ihren Beiträgen wichtige Hinweise für eine richtige und schmerzfreie Sportausübung und eine interdisziplinäre schmerztherapeutische Versorgung der sporttreibenden Bevölkerung. Außerdem wird die Frage angesprochen, inwieweit es vertretbar ist, das physiologische Warnsignal Schmerz durch ärztliche und andere Maßnahmen auszuschalten. Ein aktuelles Buch zu einem aktuellen Thema.

This volume contains the lectures and discussion papers presented at the II. In­ ternational Symposium on Innovations in Management, Technology and Phar­ macology held on 26-28 May 1984 in Liidenscheid. This symposium delt with fur­ ther developments in the sector of the closed-circuit system; non-invasive mea­ surement and monitoring systems; new aspects of cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology; oxygen-transporting substances; and particular questions in pharma­ cology. The purpose of this meeting was to allow a mutual international exchange of news on interesting new developments, particularly as these relate to the closed-circuit system, and the encouragement of further scientific developments. It must be made clear that the large-scale introduction of the closed-circuit sys­ tem has to be the occasion of completely new quality standards both in anesthesia and in all related technological sectors, combined with the highest demands in terms of precision and measuring techniques. The conventional and still quite crude clinical anesthetic procedures will have to make way for much more phys­ iological, micromolecular precision techniques, which will compare with our present methods rather in the same way as a microelectrode to a spear and will allow new levels of achievement in anesthesiology. All our tasks will need to be rethought and thoroughly understood from these aspects. Some anesthesists, physiologists and engineers already see the closed-circuit system as a challenge, while for others this system will still mean a great deal of work and creativity be­ fore the problems are finally solved in the future.

Sportliche Höchstleistungen werden heute oft nur noch unter Schmerzen erbracht und viele Sporttreibende leiden unter schmerzhaften Bewegungs- und Leistungseinschränkungen. Der mit großen Schmerzen verbundene Tod einer begabten Hochleistungssportlerin ging in jüngster Vergangenheit durch alle Medien. In diesem Buch wird erstmals der aktuelle Themenbereich Schmerz und Sport aus interdisziplinärer Sicht umfassend abgehandelt. Sportmediziner, Orthopäden, Physiologen, Schmerz- und Physiotherapeuten, Psychologen, Trainer und Sportler vermitteln in ihren Beiträgen wichtige Hinweise für eine richtige und schmerzfreie Sportausübung und eine interdisziplinäre schmerztherapeutische Versorgung der sporttreibenden Bevölkerung. Außerdem wird die Frage angesprochen, inwieweit es vertretbar ist, das physiologische Warnsignal Schmerz durch ärztliche und andere Maßnahmen auszuschalten. Ein aktuelles Buch zu einem aktuellen Thema.

R. Droh Ladies and gentlemen. dear friends and colleagues. we welcome you very cordially to our symposium "Innovations in Management and Technic and Pharmacol­ ogy". We are very glad that you have come to Liidenscheid and we do hope that our programme will fulfil your expectations. We decided to hold this symposium, because it is getting more and more dif­ ficult to select innovations at international congresses around the world which are important for our clinical work. Now and in the future our intention is to present the actual state of technology. management and pharmacology. We would be very glad to receive your suggestions for further symposia. The industry has the same problems as we have. They do not only have to search for those things which can be realized and which are desirable, but also for those things which can be sold. But the industry must also be stimulated by the inventors and by the users, so we want to bring together the industry, the physicians and the inventors for fruitful discussions. And we hope that in the fu­ ture the industry will provide us more quickly with those technical and organiz­ ational aids that we need. We want the indu~try no longer running behind the market but heading the market. At present too many interesting developments are killed by so-called market analysis, in the beliefing that such analysis can always prove what cannot be sold. In anaesthesia many companies are always busy with the same product.

This volume contains the lectures and discussion papers presented at the II. In­ ternational Symposium on Innovations in Management, Technology and Phar­ macology held on 26-28 May 1984 in Liidenscheid. This symposium delt with fur­ ther developments in the sector of the closed-circuit system; non-invasive mea­ surement and monitoring systems; new aspects of cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology; oxygen-transporting substances; and particular questions in pharma­ cology. The purpose of this meeting was to allow a mutual international exchange of news on interesting new developments, particularly as these relate to the closed-circuit system, and the encouragement of further scientific developments. It must be made clear that the large-scale introduction of the closed-circuit sys­ tem has to be the occasion of completely new quality standards both in anesthesia and in all related technological sectors, combined with the highest demands in terms of precision and measuring techniques. The conventional and still quite crude clinical anesthetic procedures will have to make way for much more phys­ iological, micromolecular precision techniques, which will compare with our present methods rather in the same way as a microelectrode to a spear and will allow new levels of achievement in anesthesiology. All our tasks will need to be rethought and thoroughly understood from these aspects. Some anesthesists, physiologists and engineers already see the closed-circuit system as a challenge, while for others this system will still mean a great deal of work and creativity be­ fore the problems are finally solved in the future.

Das vorliegende Werk stellt eine Materialsammlung aus Vortragen zweier Internationaler Symposien dar, die sich mit den naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen tiber Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung von Musik, mit mogli- chen therapeutischen Anwendungen sowie mit geisteswissenschaftlichen Aspekten beschaftigen. Die Ftille des inzwischen wissenschaftlich gesicherten Materials legt die Inauguration des Begriffes "Musikmedizin" nahe, wobei hiermit die medi- zinische Anwendung von Musik gemeint ist. Musiktherapie im eigentlichen Sinne ist als psychotherapeutisches Ver- fahren ein Teilgebiet der Musikmedizin. Es solI nicht verkannt werden, daB noch umfangreiche Studien erforder- lich sind, urn klinisch zuverlassige Daten tiber Zusammensetzung, Dosie- rung und Applikationsweise musikalischer Reize bzw. musikalischer Sub- strukturen innerhalb einer "musikalischen Apotheke" moglich zu machen. Die vorliegende Materialsammlung solI ein erster Schritt in diese Richtung sem. Fur Anregung und Kritik sind die Herausgeber jederzeit dankbar. R. 5PINTGE und R.DROH Ltidenscheid, November 1986 v Preface This book contains a selection of papers presented at two international symposia addressing the scientific principles underlying the perception and mental processing of music, the possibilities of the use of music in therapy, and also considerations from the point of view of the fine arts. The body of this material, which has been scientifically verified, is closely connected to the introduction of the concept of "music medicine", by wich is meant the use of music for medical purposes. As a psychotherapeutic method, music therapy as such is a subdivision of music medicine.

Sportliche Höchstleistungen werden heute oft nur noch unter Schmerzen erbracht und viele Sporttreibende leiden unter schmerzhaften Bewegungs- und Leistungseinschränkungen. Der mit großen Schmerzen verbundene Tod einer begabten Hochleistungssportlerin ging in jüngster Vergangenheit durch alle Medien. In diesem Buch wird erstmals der aktuelle Themenbereich Schmerz und Sport aus interdisziplinärer Sicht umfassend abgehandelt. Sportmediziner, Orthopäden, Physiologen, Schmerz- und Physiotherapeuten, Psychologen, Trainer und Sportler vermitteln in ihren Beiträgen wichtige Hinweise für eine richtige und schmerzfreie Sportausübung und eine interdisziplinäre schmerztherapeutische Versorgung der sporttreibenden Bevölkerung. Außerdem wird die Frage angesprochen, inwieweit es vertretbar ist, das physiologische Warnsignal Schmerz durch ärztliche und andere Maßnahmen auszuschalten. Ein aktuelles Buch zu einem aktuellen Thema.

This volume contains the lectures and discussion papers presented at the II. In­ ternational Symposium on Innovations in Management, Technology and Phar­ macology held on 26-28 May 1984 in Liidenscheid. This symposium delt with fur­ ther developments in the sector of the closed-circuit system; non-invasive mea­ surement and monitoring systems; new aspects of cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology; oxygen-transporting substances; and particular questions in pharma­ cology. The purpose of this meeting was to allow a mutual international exchange of news on interesting new developments, particularly as these relate to the closed-circuit system, and the encouragement of further scientific developments. It must be made clear that the large-scale introduction of the closed-circuit sys­ tem has to be the occasion of completely new quality standards both in anesthesia and in all related technological sectors, combined with the highest demands in terms of precision and measuring techniques. The conventional and still quite crude clinical anesthetic procedures will have to make way for much more phys­ iological, micromolecular precision techniques, which will compare with our present methods rather in the same way as a microelectrode to a spear and will allow new levels of achievement in anesthesiology. All our tasks will need to be rethought and thoroughly understood from these aspects. Some anesthesists, physiologists and engineers already see the closed-circuit system as a challenge, while for others this system will still mean a great deal of work and creativity be­ fore the problems are finally solved in the future.

Sportliche Höchstleistungen werden heute oft nur noch unter Schmerzen erbracht und viele Sporttreibende leiden unter schmerzhaften Bewegungs- und Leistungseinschränkungen. Der mit großen Schmerzen verbundene Tod einer begabten Hochleistungssportlerin ging in jüngster Vergangenheit durch alle Medien. In diesem Buch wird erstmals der aktuelle Themenbereich Schmerz und Sport aus interdisziplinärer Sicht umfassend abgehandelt. Sportmediziner, Orthopäden, Physiologen, Schmerz- und Physiotherapeuten, Psychologen, Trainer und Sportler vermitteln in ihren Beiträgen wichtige Hinweise für eine richtige und schmerzfreie Sportausübung und eine interdisziplinäre schmerztherapeutische Versorgung der sporttreibenden Bevölkerung. Außerdem wird die Frage angesprochen, inwieweit es vertretbar ist, das physiologische Warnsignal Schmerz durch ärztliche und andere Maßnahmen auszuschalten. Ein aktuelles Buch zu einem aktuellen Thema.