Ruy González de Clavijo – författare

In the year 1400 the princes of Europe sympathetically were much bestirred, fearing the imminent fall of Constantinople and the extinction of the Eastern Empire. The Ottoman Sultan Bazayid (otherwise Bajazet) was already in possession of almost the whole of what subsequently became Turkey in Europe. The Emperor Manuel still was lord of Constantinople, but beyond the city walls possessed a mere strip of territory along the north coast of the Sea of Marmora, and extending to the Black Sea, a strip some fifty miles in length but under thirty in breadth. Four years before (September 1396) an immense composite crusading army under the leadership of the Count of Nevers (a cousin of king Charles VI of France) had marched against the Turks to the support of king Sigismund of Hungary. But the Christians had been completely routed by Sultan Bayazid at Nicopolis on the lower Danube, an immense number of them had been killed, a lesser number made prisoners (who later had to be ransomed at heavy cost), and Europe in terror, the Emperor Manuel now shut up in Constantinople, all were waiting to learn what the Sultan next would do.From their capital established at Brusa the Turkish Sultans, past and present, had fomented many conspiracies at the Imperial Court.The father of Manuel had been the Emperor John Palaologus (1341a'1391) and Manuel's elder brother Andronicus had at an early age been proclaimed Emperor elect.1 In the days of Bayazid's father Sultan Murad (1360 to 1389) his eldest son Savaji had made a conspiracy with Andronicus whereby these two young princes had purposed to dethrone their respective fathers. The conspiracy miscarried, Savaji was put to death which brought his younger brother Bayazid later to be Sultan, and Andronicus (in company with his young son John) was shut up in the Constantinople State prison, the celebrated Tower of the Anemas. As a result Manuel his younger brother then became heira'apparent and coa'Emperor. But in Constantinople after two years the tables were turned by a palace plot. The Emperor John Palaologus and Manuel found themselves in the Anemas Tower, while Andronicus (with John the younger) assumed the purple.Kaleidoscopic changes again ensued; the old Emperor and Manuel after two years' detention managed to make their escape from durance and regained power: Andronicus was outlawed and banished.Later, however, with John the younger, he was established in the government of Selymbria, a city on the Sea of Marmora, a few miles west of Constantinople, and the peace lasted some years.

Embajada a Samarcanda. Vida y hazañas del gran Tamorlán relata el viaje de Ruy González de Clavijo a Samarcanda, en 1403. Fue a esa ciudad como embajador de Enrique III, con el propósito de conseguir una alianza. Ruy partió del Puerto de Santa María, en Cádiz, estuvo en Constantinopla, Trebizonda y Teherán. Su misión era hablar con el sultán Tamerlán, un gran caudillo mongol.Los reyes cristianos de Europa y España creían que el gran sultán era el único capaz de detener el avance de los turcos en Europa. La muerte del gran Tamorlán hizo de la expedición un viaje lleno de aventuras.Gracias a Embajada a Tamorlán conocemos cómo fue la expedición comandada por Ruy González de Clavijo. Duró casi tres años, desde el 23 de mayo de 1403, día en el que partieron en una carraca desde El Puerto de Santa María, de Cádiz, hasta marzo de 1406, cuando regresaron a Sanlúcar de Barrameda, tras múltiples peripecias.En el libro queda patente la admiración que sintió Clavijo al descubrir Samarcanda. La ciudad era más grande que cualquiera de Castilla, rica, diversa y multicultural, en ella se conjugaba lo mejor de ambos mundos.Embajada a Tamorlán tiene un gran valor histórico. Es el único testimonio europeo que existe sobre la lejana corte mogol. Además contiene abundantes descripciones de los lugares por donde pasó la expedición, con especial mención a Samarcanda. Y se anticipa al viaje de Marco Polo.