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Del 9325 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Programming Languages
19th Brazilian Symposium SBLP 2015, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, September 24-25, 2015, Proceedings
Häftad, Engelska, 2015
446 kr
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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Progamming Languages, SBLP 2015, held in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in September 2015. They deal with fundamental principles and innovations in the design and implementation of programming languages and systems.
555 kr
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP'99, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands in March 1999 as part of ETAPS'99.The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 44 submissions. Among the topics addressed are program logics, data structures, sequential programming, type systems, language interoperation, C programming, sequential Java, constraint programming, code splicing, parsing, and static incrementalization.
Advanced Functional Programming
Third International School, AFP'98, Braga, Portugal, September 12-19, 1998, Revised Lectures
Häftad, Engelska, 1999
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Inthisvolumeyouwill?ndthelecturenotescorrespondingtothepres- rd tationsgivenatthe3 summerschoolonAdvancedFunctionalProgramming, heldinBraga,PortugalfromSeptember12-19,1998. ThisschoolwasprecededbyearlieronesinB?astad(1995,Sweden,LNCS925) andOlympia,WA(1996,USA,LNCS1129). Thegoalofthisseriesofschoolsis tobringrecentdevelopmentsintheareaoffunctionalprogrammingtoalarge groupofstudents. Thenotesarepublishedinordertoenableindividuals,small studygroups,andlecturerstobecomeacquaintedwithrecentworkinthefast developingareaoffunctionalprogramming. Whatmadethisschoolparticularlyinterestingwasthefactthatalllectures introducedusefulsoftware,thatwasusedbythestudentsintheclassestoget hands-onexperiencewiththesubjectstaught. Weurgereadersofthisvolumeto downloadthelatestversionofthissoftwarefromtheInternetandtrytodothe exercisesfromthetextthemselves;theproofoftheprogramisinthetyping. The?rstlecture,onSortingMorphisms,servesasagentleintroductiontothe thingstocome. Ifyouhavealwaysbeenafraidoftheword"morphism",andyou havebeenwonderingwhatcatamorphisms,anamorphisms,hylomorphims,and paramorphimswereabout,thisisthepapertoread?rst;youwilldiscoverthat theyaremerelynamesforrecursionpatternsthatoccuroverandoveragainwhen writingfunctionalprograms.Thealgorithmsinthepaperareallaboutsorting, andsinceyouarelikelytoknowthosealgorithmsbyheartalready,seeingthem structuredandanalyzedinanovelwayshouldserveasamotivationtoreadon tothesecondlecture. Thesecondlecture,onGenericProgramming,isalmostabookinabook. ThenotescanbeseenastheculminatingpointoftheSTOP-project,sponsored bytheDutchgovernmentattheendofthe80'sandthebeginningofthe90's. Its overallgoalwasthedevelopmentofacalculationalwayofderivingprograms. The projecthasprovideddeeperinsightintorealfunctionalprogrammingandinto thetheorybehindmanythingscommonlywrittenbyfunctionalprogrammers. Oneofthemainachievementsoftheprojecthasbeentomakepeopleaware ofthefactthatmanyalgorithmscanbedescribedinadata-independentway. ThePolyPsystemintroducedinthesenotesisoneofthetranslationstothe Haskell-worldofthistheoreticalunderpinning. Thethirdlecture,onGenericProgramTransformation,canalsobeseenas anapplicationofthetheoryintroducedinlecturetwo. Manye?ciency-improving programtransformationscanbeperformedinamechanicalway,andthesewould nothavebeenpossiblewithoutinsightintothecorrectnessofsuchtransfor- tionsgainedinthelectureonGenericProgramming.Thefourthlecture,onDesigningandImplementingCombinatorLanguages, introducesaneasytowriteformalismforwritingdownthecatamorphismsint- ducedinearlierchapters. Itisshownhowquitecomplicatedcatamorphisms,that at?rstsightseemratherforbiddingbymakingextensiveuseofhigher-orderdo- VI Preface mains,canactuallybedevelopedinastep-wisefashion,usinganattributegr- marview;itisfurthermoreshownhowtorelatethiswayofprogrammingwith conceptsfromtheobject-orientedworldthusmakingclearwhatthestrengths andweaknessesofeachworldare. The?fthlecture,titledUsingMetaML:AStagedProgrammingLanguage, introducestheconceptofpartialevaluation. Itservesasanotherinstanceof thequestfor"themostgenericofwritingprogramsatthelowestcost". The stagingtechniquesshowhowcoststhatwereintroducedbyaddingextralevels ofabstraction,maybemovedfromrun-timetocompile-time. Ithasbeencommonknowledgetousersofmodernfunctionallanguagesthat thetypesystemcanbeagreathelpinshorteningprogramsandreducingerrors. Intheextremeonemightseeatypeasapredicatecapturingtheproperties ofanyexpressionwiththattype.InthesixthlectureonCayenne-Spiceup yourProgrammingwithDependentTypesitisshowninwhatdirectionfunctional languagesaremostlikelytodevelop,andwhatmaybeexpectedofthenewtype systemstobeintroduced. Thelastlecture,titledHaskellasanAutomationController,showsthat writingfunctionalprogramsdoesnothavetoimplythatoneisboundtoremain isolatedfromtherestoftheworld. Beingabletocommunicatewithsoftware writtenbyothersinauniformway,isprobablyoneofthemostinteresting newdevelopmentsincurrentcomputerscience. Itappearsthattheconceptofa monadtogetherwiththeHaskelltypingrules,isquiteadequatetodescribethe interfacebetweenHaskellprogramsandtheouterworld. Finallywewanttothankeveryonewhocontributedtothisschoolandmade itsuchasuccessfulevent:sponsors,localsystemmanagers,localorganizers, students,andlastbutnotleastthelecturers. Weareconvincedthateveryone presentattheschoolenjoyedthiseventasmuchaswedid,andweallhopethat youwillfeelsomeofthespiritofthiseventwhenstudyingtheselecturenotes.March1999 DoaitseSwierstra PedroHenriques Jos'eOliveira VII Sponsorship Theschoolhasreceivedgeneroussponsorshipfrom: FCT-Fundac",aoparaaCienciaeTecnologia,Minist'eriodaCienciae Tecnologia AdegaCooperativadePontedeLima AgenciaAbreu CGD-CaixaGeraldeDep'ositos CIUM-CentrodeInform'aticadaUniversidadedoMinho DI-DepartamentodeInform'aticadaUniversidadedoMinho GEPL-GrupodeEspeci?cac",aoeProcessamentodeLinguagens LESI-Direc,c"aodeCursodeEngenhariadeSistemaseInform'atica Enabler Lactolima Latic'?niosdasMarinhas,Lda NovabasePorto-SistemasdeInforma,c"aoSA PrimaveraSoftware ProjectoCamila-GrupodeM'etodosFormais Sidereus-SistemasdeInforma,c"aoeConsultoriaInformat'icaLda SIBS-SociedadeInterbanc'ariadeServico,s VieiradeCastro LocalCommittee: Jos'eAlmeida,Minho Lu'?sBarbosa,Minho Jos'eBarros,Minho M. Joao " Frade,Minho PedroHenriques,Minho F. M'arioMartins,Minho F. LuisNeves,Minho CarlaOliveira,Minho JorgePinto,Lix JorgeRocha,Minho CesarRodrigues,Minho Joa"oSaraiva,Minho M. Joa"s. Its overallgoalwasthedevelopmentofacalculationalwayofderivingprograms. The projecthasprovideddeeperinsightintorealfunctionalprogrammingandinto thetheorybehindmanythingscommonlywrittenbyfunctionalprogrammers.Oneofthemainachievementsoftheprojecthasbeentomakepeopleaware ofthefactthatmanyalgorithmscanbedescribedinadata-independentway. ThePolyPsystemintroducedinthesenotesisoneofthetranslationstothe Haskell-worldofthistheoreticalunderpinning. Thethirdlecture,onGenericProgramTransformation,canalsobeseenas anapplicationofthetheoryintroducedinlecturetwo. Manye?ciency-improving programtransformationscanbeperformedinamechanicalway,andthesewould nothavebeenpossiblewithoutinsightintothecorrectnessofsuchtransfor- tionsgainedinthelectureonGenericProgramming. Thefourthlecture,onDesigningandImplementingCombinatorLanguages, introducesaneasytowriteformalismforwritingdownthecatamorphismsint- ducedinearlierchapters. Itisshownhowquitecomplicatedcatamorphisms,that at?rstsightseemratherforbiddingbymakingextensiveuseofhigher-orderdo- VI Preface mains,canactuallybedevelopedinastep-wisefashion,usinganattributegr- marview;itisfurthermoreshownhowtorelatethiswayofprogrammingwith conceptsfromtheobject-orientedworldthusmakingclearwhatthestrengths andweaknessesofeachworldare. The?fthlecture,titledUsingMetaML:AStagedProgrammingLanguage, introducestheconceptofpartialevaluation.Itservesasanotherinstanceof thequestfor"themostgenericofwritingprogramsatthelowestcost". The stagingtechniquesshowhowcoststhatwereintroducedbyaddingextralevels ofabstraction,maybemovedfromrun-timetocompile-time. Ithasbeencommonknowledgetousersofmodernfunctionallanguagesthat thetypesystemcanbeagreathelpinshorteningprogramsandreducingerrors. Intheextremeonemightseeatypeasapredicatecapturingtheproperties ofanyexpressionwiththattype. InthesixthlectureonCayenne-Spiceup yourProgrammingwithDependentTypesitisshowninwhatdirectionfunctional languagesaremostlikelytodevelop,andwhatmaybeexpectedofthenewtype systemstobeintroduced. Thelastlecture,titledHaskellasanAutomationController,showsthat writingfunctionalprogramsdoesnothavetoimplythatoneisboundtoremain isolatedfromtherestoftheworld. Beingabletocommunicatewithsoftware writtenbyothersinauniformway,isprobablyoneofthemostinteresting newdevelopmentsincurrentcomputerscience. Itappearsthattheconceptofa monadtogetherwiththeHaskelltypingrules,isquiteadequatetodescribethe interfacebetweenHaskellprogramsandtheouterworld.Finallywewanttothankeveryonewhocontributedtothisschoolandmade itsuchasuccessfulevent:sponsors,localsystemmanagers,localorganizers, students,andlastbutnotleastthelecturers. Weareconvincedthateveryone presentattheschoolenjoyedthiseventasmuchaswedid,andweallhopethat youwillfeelsomeofthespiritofthiseventwhenstudyingtheselecturenotes. March1999 DoaitseSwierstra PedroHenriques Jos'eOliveira VII Sponsorship Theschoolhasreceivedgeneroussponsorshipfrom: FCT-Fundac"caoparaaCienciaeTecnologia,Minist'eriodaCienciae Tecnologia AdegaCooperativadePontedeLima AgenciaAbreu CGD-CaixaGeraldeDep'ositos CIUM-CentrodeInform'aticadaUniversidadedoMinho DI-DepartamentodeInform'aticadaUniversidadedoMinho GEPL-GrupodeEspeci?cac"caoeProcessamentodeLinguagens LESI-Direccc"aodeCursodeEngenhariadeSistemaseInform'atica Enabler Lactolima Latic'?niosdasMarinhas,Lda NovabasePorto-SistemasdeInformacc"aoSA PrimaveraSoftware ProjectoCamila-GrupodeM'etodosFormais Sidereus-SistemasdeInformacc"aoeConsultoriaInformat'icaLda SIBS-SociedadeInterbanc'ariadeServicocs VieiradeCastro LocalCommittee: Jos'eAlmeida,Minho Lu'?sBarbosa,Minho Jos'eBarros,Minho M. Joao " Frade,Minho PedroHenriques,Minho F. M'arioMartins,Minho F.LuisNeves,Minho CarlaOliveira,Minho JorgePinto,Lix JorgeRocha,Minho CesarRodrigues,Minho Joa"oSaraiva,Minho M. Joa"oVaranda,Minho IX TableofContents SortingMorphisms...1 LexAugusteijn 1 Introduction...1 2 MorphismsonLists...2 2. 1 TheListCatamorphism...2 2. 2 TheListAnamorphism...4 2. 3 TheListHylomorphism...5 2. 4 InsertionSort...6 2. 5 SelectionSorts...7 3 LeafTrees...9 3. 1 TheLeaf-TreeCatamorphism...9 3. 2 TheLeaf-TreeAnamorphism...10 3. 3 TheLeaf-TreeHylomorphism...11 3. 4 MergeSort...12 4 BinaryTrees...13 4. 1 TheTreeCatamorphism...13 4. 2 TheTreeAnamorphism...14 4. 3 TheTreeHylomorphism...14 4. 4 Quicksort...15 4. 5 HeapSort...16 5 Paramorphisms...18 5. 1 TheListParamorphism...18 5. 2 InsertAsParamorphism...18 5. 3 RemoveAsParamorphism...19 6 GeneralizingDataStructures...20 6. 1 GeneralizingQuicksort...20 6. 2 GeneralizingHeapSort...21 7 Conclusions...23 GenericProgramming-AnIntroduction-...28 RolandBackhouse,PatrikJansson,JohanJeuring,LambertMeertens 1 Introduction...