San Murugesan – författare

“Ultimately, this is a remarkable book, a practical testimonial, and a comprehensive bibliography rolled into one. It is a single, bright sword cut across the various murky green IT topics. And if my mistakes and lessons learned through the green IT journey are any indication, this book will be used every day by folks interested in greening IT.” — Simon Y. Liu, Ph.D. & Ed.D., Editor-in-Chief, IT Professional Magazine, IEEE Computer Society, Director, U.S. National Agricultural Library

This book presents a holistic perspective on Green IT by discussing its various facets and showing how to strategically embrace it

Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices examines various ways of making computing and information systems greener – environmentally sustainable -, as well as several means of using Information Technology (IT) as a tool and an enabler to improve the environmental sustainability. The book focuses on both greening of IT and greening by IT – complimentary approaches to attaining environmental sustainability.   In a single volume, it   comprehensively covers several key aspects of Green IT - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption -, and presents a clear approach to greening IT encompassing green use, green disposal, green design, and green manufacturing. It also illustrates how to strategically apply green IT in practice in several areas.

Key Features:

Presents a comprehensive coverage of key topics of importance and practical relevance  - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption Highlights several useful approaches to embracing green IT in several areas Features chapters written by accomplished experts from industry and academia who have first-hand knowledge and expertise in specific areas of green IT Presents a set of review and discussion questions for each chapter that will help the readers to examine and explore the green IT domain further Includes a companion website providing  resources for further information and presentation slides

This book will be an invaluable resource for IT Professionals, academics, students, researchers, project leaders/managers, IT business executives, CIOs, CTOs and anyone interested in Green IT and harnessing it to enhance our environment.

“Ultimately, this is a remarkable book, a practical testimonial, and a comprehensive bibliography rolled into one. It is a single, bright sword cut across the various murky green IT topics. And if my mistakes and lessons learned through the green IT journey are any indication, this book will be used every day by folks interested in greening IT.” — Simon Y. Liu, Ph.D. & Ed.D., Editor-in-Chief, IT Professional Magazine, IEEE Computer Society, Director, U.S. National Agricultural Library

This book presents a holistic perspective on Green IT by discussing its various facets and showing how to strategically embrace it

Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices examines various ways of making computing and information systems greener – environmentally sustainable -, as well as several means of using Information Technology (IT) as a tool and an enabler to improve the environmental sustainability. The book focuses on both greening of IT and greening by IT – complimentary approaches to attaining environmental sustainability.   In a single volume, it   comprehensively covers several key aspects of Green IT - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption -, and presents a clear approach to greening IT encompassing green use, green disposal, green design, and green manufacturing. It also illustrates how to strategically apply green IT in practice in several areas.

Key Features:

Presents a comprehensive coverage of key topics of importance and practical relevance  - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption Highlights several useful approaches to embracing green IT in several areas Features chapters written by accomplished experts from industry and academia who have first-hand knowledge and expertise in specific areas of green IT Presents a set of review and discussion questions for each chapter that will help the readers to examine and explore the green IT domain further Includes a companion website providing  resources for further information and presentation slides

This book will be an invaluable resource for IT Professionals, academics, students, researchers, project leaders/managers, IT business executives, CIOs, CTOs and anyone interested in Green IT and harnessing it to enhance our environment.

The Encyclopedia of Cloud Computing provides IT professionals, educators, researchers and students with a compendium of cloud computing knowledge. Authored by a spectrum of subject matter experts in industry and academia, this unique publication, in a single volume, covers a wide range of cloud computing topics, including technological trends and developments, research opportunities, best practices, standards, and cloud adoption. Providing multiple perspectives, it also addresses questions that stakeholders might have in the context of development, operation, management, and use of clouds. Furthermore, it examines cloud computing''s impact now and in the future.

The encyclopedia presents 56 chapters logically organized into 10 sections. Each chapter covers a major topic/area with cross-references to other chapters and contains tables, illustrations, side-bars as appropriate. Furthermore, each chapter presents its summary at the beginning and backend material, references and additional resources for further information.

The Encyclopedia of Cloud Computing provides IT professionals, educators, researchers and students with a compendium of cloud computing knowledge. Authored by a spectrum of subject matter experts in industry and academia, this unique publication, in a single volume, covers a wide range of cloud computing topics, including technological trends and developments, research opportunities, best practices, standards, and cloud adoption. Providing multiple perspectives, it also addresses questions that stakeholders might have in the context of development, operation, management, and use of clouds. Furthermore, it examines cloud computing''s impact now and in the future.

The encyclopedia presents 56 chapters logically organized into 10 sections. Each chapter covers a major topic/area with cross-references to other chapters and contains tables, illustrations, side-bars as appropriate. Furthermore, each chapter presents its summary at the beginning and backend material, references and additional resources for further information.

The Encyclopedia of Cloud Computing provides IT professionals, educators, researchers and students with a compendium of cloud computing knowledge. Authored by a spectrum of subject matter experts in industry and academia, this unique publication, in a single volume, covers a wide range of cloud computing topics, including technological trends and developments, research opportunities, best practices, standards, and cloud adoption. Providing multiple perspectives, it also addresses questions that stakeholders might have in the context of development, operation, management, and use of clouds. Furthermore, it examines cloud computing's impact now and in the future.The encyclopedia presents 56 chapters logically organized into 10 sections. Each chapter covers a major topic/area with cross-references to other chapters and contains tables, illustrations, side-bars as appropriate. Furthermore, each chapter presents its summary at the beginning and backend material, references and additional resources for further information.

EMERGING COMPUTING PARADIGMS A holistic overview of major new computing paradigms of the 21st Century In Emerging Computing Paradigms: Principles, Advances and Applications, international scholars offer a compendium of essential knowledge on new promising computing paradigms. The book examines the characteristics and features of emerging computing technologies and provides insight into recent technological developments and their potential real-world applications that promise to shape the future. This book is a useful resource for all those who wish to quickly grasp new concepts of, and insights on, emerging computer paradigms and pursue further research or innovate new novel applications harnessing these concepts. Key Features Presents a comprehensive coverage of new technologies that have the potential to shape the future of our world—quantum computing, computational intelligence, advanced wireless networks and blockchain technologyRevisits mainstream ideas now being widely adopted, such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT) and cybersecurityOffers recommendations and practical insights to assist the readers in the application of these technologies Aimed at IT professionals, educators, researchers, and students, Emerging Computing Paradigms: Principles, Advances and Applications is a comprehensive resource to get ahead of the curve in examining and exploiting emerging new concepts and technologies. Business executives will also find the book valuable and gain an advantage over competitors in harnessing the concepts examined therein.

EMERGING COMPUTING PARADIGMS

A holistic overview of major new computing paradigms of the 21st Century

In Emerging Computing Paradigms: Principles, Advances and Applications, international scholars offer a compendium of essential knowledge on new promising computing paradigms. The book examines the characteristics and features of emerging computing technologies and provides insight into recent technological developments and their potential real-world applications that promise to shape the future.

This book is a useful resource for all those who wish to quickly grasp new concepts of, and insights on, emerging computer paradigms and pursue further research or innovate new novel applications harnessing these concepts.

Key Features

Presents a comprehensive coverage of new technologies that have the potential to shape the future of our world—quantum computing, computational intelligence, advanced wireless networks and blockchain technology Revisits mainstream ideas now being widely adopted, such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT) and cybersecurity Offers recommendations and practical insights to assist the readers in the application of these technologies

Aimed at IT professionals, educators, researchers, and students, Emerging Computing Paradigms: Principles, Advances and Applications is a comprehensive resource to get ahead of the curve in examining and exploiting emerging new concepts and technologies. Business executives will also find the book valuable and gain an advantage over competitors in harnessing the concepts examined therein.

EMERGING COMPUTING PARADIGMS

A holistic overview of major new computing paradigms of the 21st Century

In Emerging Computing Paradigms: Principles, Advances and Applications, international scholars offer a compendium of essential knowledge on new promising computing paradigms. The book examines the characteristics and features of emerging computing technologies and provides insight into recent technological developments and their potential real-world applications that promise to shape the future.

This book is a useful resource for all those who wish to quickly grasp new concepts of, and insights on, emerging computer paradigms and pursue further research or innovate new novel applications harnessing these concepts.

Key Features

Presents a comprehensive coverage of new technologies that have the potential to shape the future of our world—quantum computing, computational intelligence, advanced wireless networks and blockchain technology Revisits mainstream ideas now being widely adopted, such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT) and cybersecurity Offers recommendations and practical insights to assist the readers in the application of these technologies

Aimed at IT professionals, educators, researchers, and students, Emerging Computing Paradigms: Principles, Advances and Applications is a comprehensive resource to get ahead of the curve in examining and exploiting emerging new concepts and technologies. Business executives will also find the book valuable and gain an advantage over competitors in harnessing the concepts examined therein.

“Ultimately, this is a remarkable book, a practical testimonial, and a comprehensive bibliography rolled into one. It is a single, bright sword cut across the various murky green IT topics. And if my mistakes and lessons learned through the green IT journey are any indication, this book will be used every day by folks interested in greening IT.”— Simon Y. Liu, Ph.D. & Ed.D., Editor-in-Chief, IT Professional Magazine, IEEE Computer Society, Director, U.S. National Agricultural LibraryThis book presents a holistic perspective on Green IT by discussing its various facets and showing how to strategically embrace itHarnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices examines various ways of making computing and information systems greener – environmentally sustainable -, as well as several means of using Information Technology (IT) as a tool and an enabler to improve the environmental sustainability. The book focuses on both greening of IT and greening by IT – complimentary approaches to attaining environmental sustainability.   In a single volume, it   comprehensively covers several key aspects of Green IT - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption -, and presents a clear approach to greening IT encompassing green use, green disposal, green design, and green manufacturing. It also illustrates how to strategically apply green IT in practice in several areas.Key Features: Presents a comprehensive coverage of key topics of importance and practical relevance  - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoptionHighlights several useful approaches to embracing green IT in several areasFeatures chapters written by accomplished experts from industry and academia who have first-hand knowledge and expertise in specific areas of green ITPresents a set of review and discussion questions for each chapter that will help the readers to examine and explore the green IT domain furtherIncludes a companion website providing  resources for further information and presentation slidesThis book will be an invaluable resource for IT Professionals, academics, students, researchers, project leaders/managers, IT business executives, CIOs, CTOs and anyone interested in Green IT and harnessing it to enhance our environment.

This book provides an overview of the emerging smart connected world, and discusses the roles and the usage of underlying semantic computing and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies.

This book provides an overview of the emerging smart connected world, and discusses the roles and the usage of underlying semantic computing and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies.

The book comprises ten chapters overall, grouped in two parts. Part I “Smart Connected World: Overview and Technologies” consists of seven chapters and provides a holistic overview of the smart connected world and its supporting tools and technologies. Part II “Applications and Case Studies” consists of three chapters that describe applications and case studies in manufacturing, smart cities, health, and more. Each chapter is self-contained and can be read independently; taken together, readers get a bigger picture of the technological and application landscape of the smart connected world.

This book is of interest for researchers, lecturers, and practitioners in Semantic Web, IoT and related fields. It can serve as a reference for instructors and students takingcourses in hybrid computing getting abreast of cutting edge and future directions of a connected ecosystem. It will also benefit industry professionals like software engineers or data scientists, by providing a synergy between Web technologies and applications.

This book covers the most important topics on the emerging field of the smart connected world. The contributions from leading active researchers and practitioners in the field are thought provoking and can help in learning and further research. The book is a valuable resource that will benefit academics and industry. It will lead to further research and advancement of the field. Bharat K. Bhargava, Professor of Computer Science, Purdue University, United States

This book provides an overview of the emerging smart connected world, and discusses the roles and the usage of underlying semantic computing and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies.

Inlessthanadecadeofexistence,theWebhasreachedatrulystaggeringstage, demonstratedbythescope,thereach,andthesizeofWeb-basedapplications andactivities. Concentratinginitiallyoninformationdissemination,thescopeof theapplicationsisnowlimitedonlybyourimagination. Thereachisconstantly expandingandsoarethenumberandsizeoftheapplications,alongwiththe underlyingcomplexity,rangeofpurposes,andthetimeneededtodevelopand maintainthem. Atthesametime,thedevelopmentandmaintenanceprocesses ofWebapplicationshavenotprogressedatasu?cientlyrapidpacetomeetthese challengesanddemands. Consequently,thelikelihoodisthatWebapplication developmentwillgetintoacrisisanditisnothardtoimaginethatthiswould dwarfthe'softwarecrisis'identi?edlongagointhe1960s. WebEngineeringaimstoavertthispotentialcrisisbygeneratingaproactive approachtothesuccessfuldevelopmentofWeb-basedsystemsandapplications. WebEngineeringinvolvestheuseofscienti?c,engineering,andmanagement principlesandsystematicapproacheswiththeaimofsuccessfullydeveloping, deploying,andmaintaininghighqualityWeb-basedsystemsandapplications. WebEngineering,initscurrentform,isanearlyattempttoidentifythes- ni?cantissuesandproblems,andtheirsolutions,indevelopingWeb-basedapp- cations.Asweseeit,WebEngineeringisnotyetestablishedasafulldiscipline norhasitdevelopedanidenti?ableorstableform,sinceeverythingconnected withtheWebisstillinastateof?ux. Oneonlyhastolookatthenumberof variedactivitiesthattheWorldWideWebConsortiumisengagedintorealise thatastableWebenvironment,andhenceprovenmethodsfordevelopmental activitiesbasedontheWeb,isstillsomedistanceaway. OurearlyforaysintotheWebarena,withtheconstantexcitementofnew developmentsandchallenges,forcefullybroughttomindourentryintothec- puting?eld,almostthreedecadesago. Atthattime,comparedtowhatthe technologycoulddo,oure?ortsincomputerizingpayrollandaccountingapp- cationsinrealityseemedpunyanddisappointing. TheWeb,ontheotherhand, didnotseemshackled,inawaythatearlycomputingwas,tothesebure- craticandunimaginativewaysofconductinghumanandorganizationala?airs. Itseemedthattheorganizational,spatial,andphysicalconstraintswereabout toloosen,ifnotdisappear,altogether. Andyet,whenwelookedaroundatthewayWebsitesandapplicationswere beingdeveloped,itseemedtousthattheearlypatternofhaphazarddev- opment,minimaltesting,andlackofattentiontothemaintenanceissuesthat characterisedthe'softwarecrisis'werestillverymuchwithus.Itwasasthough the'newgeneration'insistedonmakingthesamemistakesasitsparents! Thisfeelingofd'ej'avuledustoquestionthenatureofWeb-basedandW- relatedactivities. Ofcourse,wewerenotalone,aswesoondiscovered. The resultiswhatisbeingcalledWebEngineeringwhichhadits?rstintroduction inaworkshopattheSeventhWorldWideWeb(WWW7)conferenceinBrisbane in1998. IthasnowbecomeaserieswithmoreworkshopsatWWW8(Toronto, VI Preface 1999)andWWW9(Amsterdam,2000),andalsoattheInternationalConference onSoftwareEngineering(ICSE99)in1999inLosAngelesandICSE2000in Limerick,Ireland. AnotherworkshopisscheduledforWWW10inHongKong inMay2001. Themainpurposebehindtheseworkshopshasbeentoshareandpoolthe collectiveexperienceofpeople,bothacademicsandpractitioners,whoare- tivelyworkingonWeb-basedsystems. Theworkshopshavegenerallyconsisted ofkeynoteaddresses,peer-reviewedcontributedpapers,andsessionsofopen discussions. About This Book Inthisvolume,weprovideaconsolidatedviewofrecentwork,highlightingdev- opmentsandadvancesintheareaofWebEngineering. Thisselectionofpapers drawsmainlyfromthelastthreeworkshops,heldinconjunctionwithICSE1999, WWW9,andICSE2000.Wealsopresentalistofadditional,usefulresourceson WebEngineeringsuchasbooks,specialissues,articles,andWebsites. Ouraim istoprovideabookthatwillbeaconvenientandusefulreferencetoallthe researchers,practitioners,andstudentsinterestedinWebapplicationdevel- ment. WebEngineeringtakesitsinspirationfromSoftwareEngineering. Atthe sametime,itisalsoanexplicitacknowledgementofthemulti-dimensionalnature ofWebapplications,encompassingtechnicalcomputing,informationstruct- ing,navigationandmanagement,networkperformanceandsecurity,legaland socialissues,graphicdesign,multiplicityofuserpro?les,andthevariedope- tionalenvironments. Accordingly,thepapersinthisvolumecoverperspectives onWebEngineering,navigationandadaptivity,designaspects,acceptancec- teriaforWeb-basedsystems,developmentandmanagementofWebsitesand Web-basedapplications,Webmetrics,andcasestudies. Forconvenience,thepapersareorganizedin?vesections:1)Introduction andPerspectives,2)ManagingInformationontheWeb,3)Web-BasedSystems Development,4)DesignforPerformance,WebMetrics,andTesting,and5) WebMaintenanceandReuse.Intheirownways,allthepapersareforwa- looking,tryingtoanticipateproblems,creatingtools,experimentinginnovel ways,wideningtheareasofapplications,andre-examiningparadigms. Inother words,thepapersrepresentasharedattitudeofbeinginclusiveratherthan focusingnarrowly. WebEngineeringisaforwardlookingandcollaborativediscipline. The- persinthiscompendium,takenindividually,representonlythetipoftheiceberg ofworldwideWebdevelopment. Together,theymakeasigni?cantcontribution totheevolutionofamoresystematicapproachtoWebdevelopment. Thec- pendiumhasbeenmadepossiblebythemanypeoplewhosharetheseviews. We hopethereaderswilljoinusintheseendeavors. January2001 SanMurugesan YogeshDeshpande Table of Contents WebEngineering:IntroductionandPerspectives WebEngineering:IntroductionandPerspectives-identi?edlongagointhe1960s. WebEngineeringaimstoavertthispotentialcrisisbygeneratingaproactive approachtothesuccessfuldevelopmentofWeb-basedsystemsandapplications. WebEngineeringinvolvestheuseofscienti?c,engineering,andmanagement principlesandsystematicapproacheswiththeaimofsuccessfullydeveloping, deploying,andmaintaininghighqualityWeb-basedsystemsandapplications.WebEngineering,initscurrentform,isanearlyattempttoidentifythes- ni?cantissuesandproblems,andtheirsolutions,indevelopingWeb-basedapp- cations. Asweseeit,WebEngineeringisnotyetestablishedasafulldiscipline norhasitdevelopedanidenti?ableorstableform,sinceeverythingconnected withtheWebisstillinastateof?ux. Oneonlyhastolookatthenumberof variedactivitiesthattheWorldWideWebConsortiumisengagedintorealise thatastableWebenvironment,andhenceprovenmethodsfordevelopmental activitiesbasedontheWeb,isstillsomedistanceaway. OurearlyforaysintotheWebarena,withtheconstantexcitementofnew developmentsandchallenges,forcefullybroughttomindourentryintothec- puting?eld,almostthreedecadesago. Atthattime,comparedtowhatthe technologycoulddo,oure?ortsincomputerizingpayrollandaccountingapp- cationsinrealityseemedpunyanddisappointing. TheWeb,ontheotherhand, didnotseemshackled,inawaythatearlycomputingwas,tothesebure- craticandunimaginativewaysofconductinghumanandorganizationala?airs. Itseemedthattheorganizational,spatial,andphysicalconstraintswereabout toloosen,ifnotdisappear,altogether.Andyet,whenwelookedaroundatthewayWebsitesandapplicationswere beingdeveloped,itseemedtousthattheearlypatternofhaphazarddev- opment,minimaltesting,andlackofattentiontothemaintenanceissuesthat characterisedthe'softwarecrisis'werestillverymuchwithus. Itwasasthough the'newgeneration'insistedonmakingthesamemistakesasitsparents! Thisfeelingofd'ej'avuledustoquestionthenatureofWeb-basedandW- relatedactivities. Ofcourse,wewerenotalone,aswesoondiscovered. The resultiswhatisbeingcalledWebEngineeringwhichhadits?rstintroduction inaworkshopattheSeventhWorldWideWeb(WWW7)conferenceinBrisbane in1998. IthasnowbecomeaserieswithmoreworkshopsatWWW8(Toronto, VI Preface 1999)andWWW9(Amsterdam,2000),andalsoattheInternationalConference onSoftwareEngineering(ICSE99)in1999inLosAngelesandICSE2000in Limerick,Ireland. AnotherworkshopisscheduledforWWW10inHongKong inMay2001. Themainpurposebehindtheseworkshopshasbeentoshareandpoolthe collectiveexperienceofpeople,bothacademicsandpractitioners,whoare- tivelyworkingonWeb-basedsystems. Theworkshopshavegenerallyconsisted ofkeynoteaddresses,peer-reviewedcontributedpapers,andsessionsofopen discussions.About This Book Inthisvolume,weprovideaconsolidatedviewofrecentwork,highlightingdev- opmentsandadvancesintheareaofWebEngineering. Thisselectionofpapers drawsmainlyfromthelastthreeworkshops,heldinconjunctionwithICSE1999, WWW9,andICSE2000. Wealsopresentalistofadditional,usefulresourceson WebEngineeringsuchasbooks,specialissues,articles,andWebsites. Ouraim istoprovideabookthatwillbeaconvenientandusefulreferencetoallthe researchers,practitioners,andstudentsinterestedinWebapplicationdevel- ment. WebEngineeringtakesitsinspirationfromSoftwareEngineering. Atthe sametime,itisalsoanexplicitacknowledgementofthemulti-dimensionalnature ofWebapplications,encompassingtechnicalcomputing,informationstruct- ing,navigationandmanagement,networkperformanceandsecurity,legaland socialissues,graphicdesign,multiplicityofuserpro?les,andthevariedope- tionalenvironments. Accordingly,thepapersinthisvolumecoverperspectives onWebEngineering,navigationandadaptivity,designaspects,acceptancec- teriaforWeb-basedsystems,developmentandmanagementofWebsitesand Web-basedapplications,Webmetrics,andcasestudies. Forconvenience,thepapersareorganizedin?vesections:1)Introduction andPerspectives,2)ManagingInformationontheWeb,3)Web-BasedSystems Development,4)DesignforPerformance,WebMetrics,andTesting,and5) WebMaintenanceandReuse.Intheirownways,allthepapersareforwa- looking,tryingtoanticipateproblems,creatingtools,experimentinginnovel ways,wideningtheareasofapplications,andre-examiningparadigms. Inother words,thepapersrepresentasharedattitudeofbeinginclusiveratherthan focusingnarrowly. WebEngineeringisaforwardlookingandcollaborativediscipline. The- persinthiscompendium,takenindividually,representonlythetipoftheiceberg ofworldwideWebdevelopment. Together,theymakeasigni?cantcontribution totheevolutionofamoresystematicapproachtoWebdevelopment. Thec- pendiumhasbeenmadepossiblebythemanypeoplewhosharetheseviews. We hopethereaderswilljoinusintheseendeavors. January2001 SanMurugesan YogeshDeshpande Table of Contents WebEngineering:IntroductionandPerspectives WebEngineering:IntroductionandPerspectives-Overview...1 WebEngineering:ANewDisciplineforDevelopment ofWeb-BasedSystems...3 SanMurugesan,YogeshDeshpande,SteveHansenandAthulaGinige WebEngineering:BeyondCS,ISandSEEvolutionary andNon-engineeringPerspectives...14 YogeshDeshpande,SanMurugesanandSteveHansen WebEngineeringinAction...24 AthulaGinige Web-BasedSystemsDevelopment:Processand Methodology Web-BasedSystemsDevelopment:ProcessandMethodology-Overview...33 CorporateWebDevelopment: FromProcessInfancytoMaturity-ACaseStudy...36 YogeshDeshpandeandAthulaGinige ApplyingCross-FunctionalEvolutionaryMethodologies toWebDevelopment...48 KennethS. Norton DevelopmentandEvolutionofWeb-Applications UsingtheWebCompositionProcessModel...58 MartinGaedkeandGuntramGraf .. EngineeringtheWebforMultimedia...77 SavithaSrinivasan,DulcePonceleon,ArnonAmir,BrianBlanchard andDragutinPetkovic ModellingSecurityPoliciesinHypermediaandWeb-BasedApplications...90 PalomaD'?az,IgnacioAedoandFivosPanetsos Web-BasedInformationSystemsDevelopment- AUserCenteredEngineeringApproach...105 ChristopheGnaho RapidServiceDevelopment:AnIntegralApproach toe-BusinessEngineering...119 WilJanssenandMaartenSteen VIII Table of Contents ManagingInformationontheWeb ManagingInformationontheWeb-identi?edlongagointhe1960s. WebEngineeringaimstoavertthispotentialcrisisbygeneratingaproactive approachtothesuccessfuldevelopmentofWeb-basedsystemsandapplications. WebEngineeringinvolvestheuseofscienti?c,engineering,andmanagement principlesandsystematicapproacheswiththeaimofsuccessfullydeveloping, deploying,andmaintaininghighqualityWeb-basedsystemsandapplications.WebEngineering,initscurrentform,isanearlyattempttoidentifythes- ni?cantissuesandproblems,andtheirsolutions,indevelopingWeb-basedapp- cations. Asweseeit,WebEngineeringisnotyetestablishedasafulldiscipline norhasitdevelopedanidenti?ableorstableform,sinceeverythingconnected withtheWebisstillinastateof?ux. Oneonlyhastolookatthenumberof variedactivitiesthattheWorldWideWebConsortiumisengagedintorealise thatastableWebenvironment,andhenceprovenmethodsfordevelopmental activitiesbasedontheWeb,isstillsomedistanceaway. OurearlyforaysintotheWebarena,withtheconstantexcitementofnew developmentsandchallenges,forcefullybroughttomindourentryintothec- puting?eld,almostthreedecadesago. Atthattime,comparedtowhatthe technologycoulddo,oure?ortsincomputerizingpayrollandaccountingapp- cationsinrealityseemedpunyanddisappointing. TheWeb,ontheotherhand, didnotseemshackled,inawaythatearlycomputingwas,tothesebure- craticandunimaginativewaysofconductinghumanandorganizationala?airs. Itseemedthattheorganizational,spatial,andphysicalconstraintswereabout toloosen,ifnotdisappear,altogether.Andyet,whenwelookedaroundatthewayWebsitesandapplicationswere beingdeveloped,itseemedtousthattheearlypatternofhaphazarddev- opment,minimaltesting,andlackofattentiontothemaintenanceissuesthat characterisedthe'softwarecrisis'werestillverymuchwithus. Itwasasthough the'newgeneration'insistedonmakingthesamemistakesasitsparents! Thisfeelingofd'ej'avuledustoquestionthenatureofWeb-basedandW- relatedactivities. Ofcourse,wewerenotalone,aswesoondiscovered. The resultiswhatisbeingcalledWebEngineeringwhichhadits?rstintroduction inaworkshopattheSeventhWorldWideWeb(WWW7)conferenceinBrisbane in1998. IthasnowbecomeaserieswithmoreworkshopsatWWW8(Toronto, VI Preface 1999)andWWW9(Amsterdam,2000),andalsoattheInternationalConference onSoftwareEngineering(ICSE99)in1999inLosAngelesandICSE2000in Limerick,Ireland. AnotherworkshopisscheduledforWWW10inHongKong inMay2001. Themainpurposebehindtheseworkshopshasbeentoshareandpoolthe collectiveexperienceofpeople,bothacademicsandpractitioners,whoare- tivelyworkingonWeb-basedsystems. Theworkshopshavegenerallyconsisted ofkeynoteaddresses,peer-reviewedcontributedpapers,andsessionsofopen discussions.About This Book Inthisvolume,weprovideaconsolidatedviewofrecentwork,highlightingdev- opmentsandadvancesintheareaofWebEngineering. Thisselectionofpapers drawsmainlyfromthelastthreeworkshops,heldinconjunctionwithICSE1999, WWW9,andICSE2000. Wealsopresentalistofadditional,usefulresourceson WebEngineeringsuchasbooks,specialissues,articles,andWebsites. Ouraim istoprovideabookthatwillbeaconvenientandusefulreferencetoallthe researchers,practitioners,andstudentsinterestedinWebapplicationdevel- ment. WebEngineeringtakesitsinspirationfromSoftwareEngineering. Atthe sametime,itisalsoanexplicitacknowledgementofthemulti-dimensionalnature ofWebapplications,encompassingtechnicalcomputing,informationstruct- ing,navigationandmanagement,networkperformanceandsecurity,legaland socialissues,graphicdesign,multiplicityofuserpro?les,andthevariedope- tionalenvironments. Accordingly,thepapersinthisvolumecoverperspectives onWebEngineering,navigationandadaptivity,designaspects,acceptancec- teriaforWeb-basedsystems,developmentandmanagementofWebsitesand Web-basedapplications,Webmetrics,andcasestudies. Forconvenience,thepapersareorganizedin?vesections:1)Introduction andPerspectives,2)ManagingInformationontheWeb,3)Web-BasedSystems Development,4)DesignforPerformance,WebMetrics,andTesting,and5) WebMaintenanceandReuse.Intheirownways,allthepapersareforwa- looking,tryingtoanticipateproblems,creatingtools,experimentinginnovel ways,wideningtheareasofapplications,andre-examiningparadigms. Inother words,thepapersrepresentasharedattitudeofbeinginclusiveratherthan focusingnarrowly. WebEngineeringisaforwardlookingandcollaborativediscipline. The- persinthiscompendium,takenindividually,representonlythetipoftheiceberg ofworldwideWebdevelopment. Together,theymakeasigni?cantcontribution totheevolutionofamoresystematicapproachtoWebdevelopment. Thec- pendiumhasbeenmadepossiblebythemanypeoplewhosharetheseviews. We hopethereaderswilljoinusintheseendeavors. January2001 SanMurugesan YogeshDeshpande Table of Contents WebEngineering:IntroductionandPerspectives WebEngineering:IntroductionandPerspectives-Overview...1 WebEngineering:ANewDisciplineforDevelopment ofWeb-BasedSystems...3 SanMurugesan,YogeshDeshpande,SteveHansenandAthulaGinige WebEngineering:BeyondCS,ISandSEEvolutionary andNon-engineeringPerspectives...14 YogeshDeshpande,SanMurugesanandSteveHansen WebEngineeringinAction...24 AthulaGinige Web-BasedSystemsDevelopment:Processand Methodology Web-BasedSystemsDevelopment:Process