Sarah Boslaugh – författare

Secondary data play an increasingly important role in epidemiology and public health research and practice; examples of secondary data sources include national surveys such as the BRFSS and NHIS, claims data for the Medicare and Medicaid systems, and public vital statistics records. Although a wealth of secondary data is available, it is not always easy to locate and access appropriate data to address a research or policy question. This practical guide circumvents these difficulties by providing an introduction to secondary data and issues specific to its management and analysis, followed by an enumeration of major sources of secondary data in the United States. Entries for each data source include the principal focus of the data, years for which it is available, history and methodology of the data collection process, and information about how to access the data and supporting materials, including relevant details about file structure and format.

Secondary data play an increasingly important role in epidemiology and public health research and practice; examples of secondary data sources include national surveys such as the BRFSS and NHIS, claims data for the Medicare and Medicaid systems, and public vital statistics records. Although a wealth of secondary data is available, it is not always easy to locate and access appropriate data to address a research or policy question. This practical guide circumvents these difficulties by providing an introduction to secondary data and issues specific to its management and analysis, followed by an enumeration of major sources of secondary data in the United States. Entries for each data source include the principal focus of the data, years for which it is available, history and methodology of the data collection process, and information about how to access the data and supporting materials, including relevant details about file structure and format.

Written in clear, nontechnical language, this investigation of drug resistance provides readers with an overview of the scientific issues, the current scope of the problem nationally and globally, and the measures that can be taken to combat this public health crisis.Drug resistance—the reduction in the effectiveness of a particular medicine (particularly antimicrobials) in treating a disease or condition—is considered one of the most pressing issues in medicine today. This problem is likely to have profound impacts on society in the decades to come. This understandable, single-volume book explores the history of drug resistance, explains how drug resistance occurs, cites the most problematic examples, identifies the potential consequences, and describes how drug resistance can be prevented. It also pays attention to current issues and controversies surrounding this topic, such as the role of the industrialized food system in breeding antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli.The coverage includes up-to-date information about specific diseases like tuberculosis, malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), for which drug resistance is a particular issue. Readers will understand how human behavior, such as patient non-adherence to treatment and physician over-prescription of antibiotics, have served to foster drug resistance. A selection of primary documents sourced from organizations such as the World Health Organization, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will serve those interested in pursuing more detailed research on particular topics.

Transgender individuals face unique challenges when it comes to their physical, psychological, and social health and well-being. This accessible reference investigates these concerns in depth, offering readers insights into topics such as discrimination and access to health care.Although transgender individuals have always existed, their fight for acceptance and equal rights is just beginning. Within this larger context, one area of emerging concern is their health—physical, psychological, and social. From legislation determining public restroom access to insurance coverage of hormone therapy for transitioning individuals to harassment and discrimination, transgender people face a number of challenges that can negatively affect their well-being.A part of Greenwood's Health and Medical Issues Today series, Part I of this book explores definitions of sex and gender, the history of transgender awareness and activism, physical and psychological health concerns specific to transgender individuals, and how identifying as transgender can have different effects on individuals' health at different stages in their life. Part II examines issues and controversies related to the health and well-being of transgender individuals. Part III provides a variety of useful materials, including case studies, a timeline of critical events, a glossary, and a directory of resources.

Genetic testing has provided important clues to understanding our health, but it has also raised many ethical, legal, and medical questions and concerns. This book explores the breadth of genetic testing, its possibilities, and the controversies that surround its use.The mapping of the human genome has paved the way for a variety of genetic tests. Expectant mothers can have their fetus screened for a variety of genetic abnormalities, and couples worried that they might be carriers for a genetic disorder can be tested before deciding to have children. Women can be screened for the BRCA2 gene that has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer. Individuals curious about their ancestry can find out more about their heritage. Genetic testing can also be used to establish paternity and help solve crimes.This book explores the history of genetic testing, including the rise of direct-to-consumer tests, and outlines the current applications and contexts in which genetic testing is performed. It delves deep into the ethical, legal, financial, medical, and psychological issues and controversies that surround genetic testing. It also provides a variety of useful materials, including case studies, a timeline of critical events, and a directory of resources.

Offering a comprehensive yet accessible look at organ donation and transplantation, this book examines the scientific, medical, social, legal, and ethical issues surrounding it. Readers will discover how new technologies and medical advances are shaping the future of organ donation.Donated organs and tissues have improved or saved the lives of hundreds of thousands of individuals, but these life-changing procedures also raise many logistical and ethical questions. How can organs be effectively allocated to those in need? Should individuals be allowed to purchase organs from living donors? What role does religion and culture play in someone's decision to donate or accept an organ? Will new technologies like bioprinting change the future of organ donation? This book answers all these questions and more.

Research suggests that approximately 129 million children and 366 million adults worldwide have ADHD. Discover the answers to common questions about living with this neurodevelopmental condition.Part of the Q&A Health Guides series, this book offers a broad introduction to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent yet also misunderstood and stigmatized neurodevelopmental conditions. The book’s 48 questions explore what ADHD is and who is most likely to be affected, common features of ADHD in both children and adults, which biological and environmental factors may contribute to ADHD, how ADHD is diagnosed and managed, and how those living with ADHD can reach their full potential. ADHD: Your Questions Answered addresses these and other topics in a way that both celebrates neurodiversity and acknowledges the many challenges that those with ADHD face.Augmenting the main text, a collection of 5 case studies illustrate key concepts and issues through relatable stories and insightful recommendations. The Common Misconceptions section at the beginning of the volume dispels 5 long-standing myths about ADHD, directing readers to additional information in the text. The glossary defines terms that may be unfamiliar to readers, while the directory of resources curates a list of the most useful books, websites, and other materials. Finally, whether they’re looking for more information about this subject or any other health-related topic, readers can turn to the Guide to Health Literacy section for practical tools and strategies for finding, evaluating, and using credible sources of health information both on and off the internet.

Need to learn statistics as part of your job, or want help passing a statistics course? Statistics in a Nutshell is a clear and concise introduction and reference for anyone who's new to the subject. This book gives you a solid understanding of statistics without being too simple, yet without the numbing complexity of most college texts. Each chapter in this thoroughly revised and expanded edition presents easy-to-follow descriptions illustrated by graphics, formulas, and lots of solved examples. Before you know it, you'll learn to apply statistical reasoning and statistical techniques, from basic concepts of probability and hypothesis testing to multivariate analysis.Statistics in a Nutshell includes: Introductory material - Learn basic concepts of measurement and probability theory, data management for statistical analysis, research design and experimental design, how to write up your own results, and how to critique statistics presented by others Basic inferential statistics - Discover the concepts of hypothesis testing, simple correlation, the distinction between parametric and nonparametric statistics, and learn simple methods of analysis appropriate to dichotomous, categorical, and continuous variables Advanced inferential techniques - Learn the General Linear Model, including analysis of Variance (ANOVA), multiple linear regression, and logistic and multinomial regression Specialized techniques - Use and interpret business and quality improvement statistics, medical and public health statistics, and educational and psychological statistics If you need to know how to perform most common statistical analyses, and how to use a wide range of statistical techniques without getting in over your head, this is the book for you.

Genetic testing has provided important clues to understanding our health, but it has also raised many ethical, legal, and medical questions and concerns. This book explores the breadth of genetic testing, its possibilities, and the controversies that surround its use.The mapping of the human genome has paved the way for a variety of genetic tests. Expectant mothers can have their fetus screened for a variety of genetic abnormalities, and couples worried that they might be carriers for a genetic disorder can be tested before deciding to have children. Women can be screened for the BRCA2 gene that has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer. Individuals curious about their ancestry can find out more about their heritage. Genetic testing can also be used to establish paternity and help solve crimes.This book explores the history of genetic testing, including the rise of direct-to-consumer tests, and outlines the current applications and contexts in which genetic testing is performed. It delves deep into the ethical, legal, financial, medical, and psychological issues and controversies that surround genetic testing. It also provides a variety of useful materials, including case studies, a timeline of critical events, and a directory of resources.

Offering a comprehensive yet accessible look at organ donation and transplantation, this book examines the scientific, medical, social, legal, and ethical issues surrounding it. Readers will discover how new technologies and medical advances are shaping the future of organ donation.Donated organs and tissues have improved or saved the lives of hundreds of thousands of individuals, but these life-changing procedures also raise many logistical and ethical questions. How can organs be effectively allocated to those in need? Should individuals be allowed to purchase organs from living donors? What role does religion and culture play in someone's decision to donate or accept an organ? Will new technologies like bioprinting change the future of organ donation? This book answers all these questions and more.

Research suggests that approximately 129 million children and 366 million adults worldwide have ADHD. Discover the answers to common questions about living with this neurodevelopmental condition.Part of the Q&A Health Guides series, this book offers a broad introduction to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent yet also misunderstood and stigmatized neurodevelopmental conditions. The book’s 48 questions explore what ADHD is and who is most likely to be affected, common features of ADHD in both children and adults, which biological and environmental factors may contribute to ADHD, how ADHD is diagnosed and managed, and how those living with ADHD can reach their full potential. ADHD: Your Questions Answered addresses these and other topics in a way that both celebrates neurodiversity and acknowledges the many challenges that those with ADHD face.Augmenting the main text, a collection of 5 case studies illustrate key concepts and issues through relatable stories and insightful recommendations. The Common Misconceptions section at the beginning of the volume dispels 5 long-standing myths about ADHD, directing readers to additional information in the text. The glossary defines terms that may be unfamiliar to readers, while the directory of resources curates a list of the most useful books, websites, and other materials. Finally, whether they’re looking for more information about this subject or any other health-related topic, readers can turn to the Guide to Health Literacy section for practical tools and strategies for finding, evaluating, and using credible sources of health information both on and off the internet.