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The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity through length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic in heritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

This "Encyclopedia of South-East and South Asian Security" is a complete source for detailed information about the security related information of South East Asian and South Asian countries. The detailed related national profiles are given and consist of information about each country's military and armed forces. The main security forces covered in this Encyclopedia include: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps & Coast Guard, Special Forces, National Guard & the Reserve others. The study of the use of Armed Forces is called military science. Broadly speaking, this involves considering offense and defense at three "levels": strategy, operational art, and tactics. All of these areas study the application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective. This work is a unique attempt in the sense that for the first time the editors have attempted to provide readers with most contemporary information-base on the security related aspects of these very important countries, forming the regions, popularly called South-East Asia and South Asia. This encyclopaedia has also been edited keeping in mind the overall picture of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), their initiatives regarding security of the region. This encyclopaedia has been attempted to bring readers in touch with the region in such a coherent way that their interest in the region will grow automatically for getting the most comprehensive security related picture of each individual nations of the said region. Simultaneously, they will get a comparative perspective; both in temporal terms and spatial terms, as far as intra-country study or inter-regional analysis are concerned. Internal security related laws are covered, so that readers get a comprehensive security related picture of the region as a whole, and its countries, in particular.

This "Encyclopedia of South-East and South Asian Security" is a complete source for detailed information about the security related information of South East Asian and South Asian countries. The detailed related national profiles are given and consist of information about each country's military and armed forces. The main security forces covered in this Encyclopedia include: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps & Coast Guard, Special Forces, National Guard & the Reserve others. The study of the use of Armed Forces is called military science. Broadly speaking, this involves considering offense and defense at three "levels": strategy, operational art, and tactics. All of these areas study the application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective. This work is a unique attempt in the sense that for the first time the editors have attempted to provide readers with most contemporary information-base on the security related aspects of these very important countries, forming the regions, popularly called South-East Asia and South Asia. This encyclopaedia has also been edited keeping in mind the overall picture of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), their initiatives regarding security of the region. This encyclopaedia has been attempted to bring readers in touch with the region in such a coherent way that their interest in the region will grow automatically for getting the most comprehensive security related picture of each individual nations of the said region. Simultaneously, they will get a comparative perspective; both in temporal terms and spatial terms, as far as intra-country study or inter-regional analysis are concerned. Internal security related laws are covered, so that readers get a comprehensive security related picture of the region as a whole, and its countries, in particular.

This "Encyclopedia of South-East and South Asian Security" is a complete source for detailed information about the security related information of South East Asian and South Asian countries. The detailed related national profiles are given and consist of information about each country's military and armed forces. The main security forces covered in this Encyclopedia include: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps & Coast Guard, Special Forces, National Guard & the Reserve others. The study of the use of Armed Forces is called military science. Broadly speaking, this involves considering offense and defense at three "levels": strategy, operational art, and tactics. All of these areas study the application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective. This work is a unique attempt in the sense that for the first time the editors have attempted to provide readers with most contemporary information-base on the security related aspects of these very important countries, forming the regions, popularly called South-East Asia and South Asia. This encyclopaedia has also been edited keeping in mind the overall picture of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), their initiatives regarding security of the region. This encyclopaedia has been attempted to bring readers in touch with the region in such a coherent way that their interest in the region will grow automatically for getting the most comprehensive security related picture of each individual nations of the said region. Simultaneously, they will get a comparative perspective; both in temporal terms and spatial terms, as far as intra-country study or inter-regional analysis are concerned. Internal security related laws are covered, so that readers get a comprehensive security related picture of the region as a whole, and its countries, in particular.

This "Encyclopedia of South-East and South Asian Security" is a complete source for detailed information about the security related information of South East Asian and South Asian countries. The detailed related national profiles are given and consist of information about each country's military and armed forces. The main security forces covered in this Encyclopedia include: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps & Coast Guard, Special Forces, National Guard & the Reserve others. The study of the use of Armed Forces is called military science. Broadly speaking, this involves considering offense and defense at three "levels": strategy, operational art, and tactics. All of these areas study the application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective. This work is a unique attempt in the sense that for the first time the editors have attempted to provide readers with most contemporary information-base on the security related aspects of these very important countries, forming the regions, popularly called South-East Asia and South Asia. This encyclopaedia has also been edited keeping in mind the overall picture of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), their initiatives regarding security of the region. This encyclopaedia has been attempted to bring readers in touch with the region in such a coherent way that their interest in the region will grow automatically for getting the most comprehensive security related picture of each individual nations of the said region. Simultaneously, they will get a comparative perspective; both in temporal terms and spatial terms, as far as intra-country study or inter-regional analysis are concerned. Internal security related laws are covered, so that readers get a comprehensive security related picture of the region as a whole, and its countries, in particular.

'South Asia' possesses significant place in the annals of human history. Bounded by Middle Asia and mighty Himalayan range in the north, gulf countries and Arabian Sea in the west, vast Indian Ocean in south and Bay of Bengal and Myanmar in the east, South Asia is strategically located on the world map. Many ancient civilizations and great world religions originated and flourished in South Asia. Ancient civilizations like Harappa and Indus Valley, and great religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are to account among these. The region is also unique- demographically, racially, religiously, economically, socio- , culturally and politically. A large segment of world population inhabits in South Asia. Though grouped under 'developing countries' manifested by many problems-poverty, hunger, overpopulation, unemployment, political instability, insurgency and social turmoil, health hazards, etc. - rich biodiversity, climatic variations, exotic fauna and flora, mineral and marine resources, abode of many autochthones, and a hot bed of world politics and economy are some of the salient features of the region.

The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity though' length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic inheritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopedias vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity through length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic in heritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

'South Asia' possesses significant place in the annals of human history. Bounded by Middle Asia and mighty Himalayan range in the north, gulf countries and Arabian Sea in the west, vast Indian Ocean in south and Bay of Bengal and Myanmar in the east, South Asia is strategically located on the world map. Many ancient civilizations and great world religions originated and flourished in South Asia. Ancient civilizations like Harappa and Indus Valley, and great religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are to account among these. The region is also unique- demographically, racially, religiously, economically, socio- , culturally and politically. A large segment of world population inhabits in South Asia. Though grouped under 'developing countries' manifested by many problems-poverty, hunger, overpopulation, unemployment, political instability, insurgency and social turmoil, health hazards, etc. - rich biodiversity, climatic variations, exotic fauna and flora, mineral and marine resources, abode of many autochthones, and a hot bed of world politics and economy are some of the salient features of the region.

The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity through length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic in heritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity through length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic in heritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

'South Asia' possesses significant place in the annals of human history. Bounded by Middle Asia and mighty Himalayan range in the north, gulf countries and Arabian Sea in the west, vast Indian Ocean in south and Bay of Bengal and Myanmar in the east, South Asia is strategically located on the world map. Many ancient civilizations and great world religions originated and flourished in South Asia. Ancient civilizations like Harappa and Indus Valley, and great religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are to account among these. The region is also unique- demographically, racially, religiously, economically, socio- , culturally and politically. A large segment of world population inhabits in South Asia. Though grouped under 'developing countries' manifested by many problems-poverty, hunger, overpopulation, unemployment, political instability, insurgency and social turmoil, health hazards, etc. - rich biodiversity, climatic variations, exotic fauna and flora, mineral and marine resources, abode of many autochthones, and a hot bed of world politics and economy are some of the salient features of the region.

The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity through length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic in heritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity through length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic in heritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

'South Asia' possesses significant place in the annals of human history. Bounded by Middle Asia and mighty Himalayan range in the north, gulf countries and Arabian Sea in the west, vast Indian Ocean in south and Bay of Bengal and Myanmar in the east, South Asia is strategically located on the world map. Many ancient civilizations and great world religions originated and flourished in South Asia. Ancient civilizations like Harappa and Indus Valley, and great religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are to account among these. The region is also unique- demographically, racially, religiously, economically, socio- , culturally and politically. A large segment of world population inhabits in South Asia. Though grouped under 'developing countries' manifested by many problems-poverty, hunger, overpopulation, unemployment, political instability, insurgency and social turmoil, health hazards, etc. - rich biodiversity, climatic variations, exotic fauna and flora, mineral and marine resources, abode of many autochthones, and a hot bed of world politics and economy are some of the salient features of the region.

The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity through length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic in heritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

'South Asia' possesses significant place in the annals of human history. Bounded by Middle Asia and mighty Himalayan range in the north, gulf countries and Arabian Sea in the west, vast Indian Ocean in south and Bay of Bengal and Myanmar in the east, South Asia is strategically located on the world map. Many ancient civilizations and great world religions originated and flourished in South Asia. Ancient civilizations like Harappa and Indus Valley, and great religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are to account among these. The region is also unique- demographically, racially, religiously, economically, socio- , culturally and politically. A large segment of world population inhabits in South Asia. Though grouped under 'developing countries' manifested by many problems-poverty, hunger, overpopulation, unemployment, political instability, insurgency and social turmoil, health hazards, etc. - rich biodiversity, climatic variations, exotic fauna and flora, mineral and marine resources, abode of many autochthones, and a hot bed of world politics and economy are some of the salient features of the region.

'South Asia' possesses significant place in the annals of human history. Bounded by Middle Asia and mighty Himalayan range in the north, gulf countries and Arabian Sea in the west, vast Indian Ocean in south and Bay of Bengal and Myanmar in the east, South Asia is strategically located on the world map. Many ancient civilizations and great world religions originated and flourished in South Asia. Ancient civilizations like Harappa and Indus Valley, and great religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are to account among these. The region is also unique- demographically, racially, religiously, economically, socio- , culturally and politically. A large segment of world population inhabits in South Asia. Though grouped under 'developing countries' manifested by many problems-poverty, hunger, overpopulation, unemployment, political instability, insurgency and social turmoil, health hazards, etc. - rich biodiversity, climatic variations, exotic fauna and flora, mineral and marine resources, abode of many autochthones, and a hot bed of world politics and economy are some of the salient features of the region.

The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity through length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic in heritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

'South Asia' possesses significant place in the annals of human history. Bounded by Middle Asia and mighty Himalayan range in the north, gulf countries and Arabian Sea in the west, vast Indian Ocean in south and Bay of Bengal and Myanmar in the east, South Asia is strategically located on the world map. Many ancient civilizations and great world religions originated and flourished in South Asia. Ancient civilizations like Harappa and Indus Valley, and great religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are to account among these. The region is also unique- demographically, racially, religiously, economically, socio- , culturally and politically. A large segment of world population inhabits in South Asia. Though grouped under 'developing countries' manifested by many problems-poverty, hunger, overpopulation, unemployment, political instability, insurgency and social turmoil, health hazards, etc. - rich biodiversity, climatic variations, exotic fauna and flora, mineral and marine resources, abode of many autochthones, and a hot bed of world politics and economy are some of the salient features of the region.

The people of South Asia includes a very large number of primitive tribes who subsists on hunting, fishing and simple form of agriculture. These people are called aboriginal tribes. The tribal groups are presumed to form the oldest ethnological sector of South Asian population. There are apparent cultural differences and traditional practices among the life style of South Asian tribes, but historically, there is a basic unity in thought and philosophy among these people born and brought up in environment of diversity through length and breadth. This encyclopaedia includes tribal demography, their way of life, customs, mores and traditions, cultural characteristics and artistic in heritance. More than an academic exercise, this encyclopaedia represents a vast range of sources of both published as well as unpublished materials. In presenting this work, help is taken from the works of great anthropologists of distinction, especially, J.H. Hutton, S.C. Roy, and K.S. Singh. It is a pioneering attempt to provide a comprehensive research and study of the South Asian Tribes. This Encyclopaedia is vast collection of essays of more than thousand renowned scholars. This series is for the benefit of the students, teachers, and research scholars as well as laymen who wish to know the key aspects of Tribal ethnography. The editor has brought here his keen experience in advance research on tribal studies in India and abroad.

'South Asia' possesses significant place in the annals of human history. Bounded by Middle Asia and mighty Himalayan range in the north, gulf countries and Arabian Sea in the west, vast Indian Ocean in south and Bay of Bengal and Myanmar in the east, South Asia is strategically located on the world map. Many ancient civilizations and great world religions originated and flourished in South Asia. Ancient civilizations like Harappa and Indus Valley, and great religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are to account among these. The region is also unique- demographically, racially, religiously, economically, socio- , culturally and politically. A large segment of world population inhabits in South Asia. Though grouped under 'developing countries' manifested by many problems-poverty, hunger, overpopulation, unemployment, political instability, insurgency and social turmoil, health hazards, etc. - rich biodiversity, climatic variations, exotic fauna and flora, mineral and marine resources, abode of many autochthones, and a hot bed of world politics and economy are some of the salient features of the region. Encyclopaedia of South Asia (in fifteen volumes) is designed to present the region in new perspective. Arranged country-wise alphabetically the succinct information gathered herein is drawn from the writings of various scholars of eminence. Volumes first and second deal with Bangladesh, a rather newly emerged nation-state among the comity of nations. Study of Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, the land of Dragon, comprises the subject matter of volumes three to five. India, the biggest country of the South Asia having second largest population share in the world and a successful democratic republic is given elaborate treatment in three volumes, i.e. volumes six to eight. Himalayan monarchical democracy of Nepal is portrayed in multidisciplinary way in two volumes. Islamic country Pakistan is given competent treatment in further two volumes- eleven and twelve. In the last three volumes the island country of Sri Lanka is portrayed multifacetedly under twenty chapters. Thus, the wide yet panoramic coverage of different countries of South Asia presented in this work will prove of reliable reference value to the scholars, policy makers and laymen equally. Efforts are made to collate latest and well- researched material.