Sergei S. Sazhin – författare
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This book offers a guide to understanding models of vortex rings, starting from classical ones (circular vortex filament, Hill and Norbury-Fraenkel inviscid models) to very recent models incorporating viscous effects and realistic shapes of the vortex core. Unconfined and confined viscous vortex rings are described by closed formulae for vorticity, stream function, translational velocity, energy, impulse and circulation. Models are applied to predict the formation number of optimal vortex rings and to describe two-phase vortex ring-like structures generated in internal combustion engines. The book provides a detailed presentation of analytical developments of models, backed up by illustrations and systematic comparisons with results of direct numerical simulations. The book is useful for graduate students in applied mathematics, engineering and physical sciences. It is a useful reference for researchers and practising engineers interested in modelling flows with vortex rings.
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This book acts as a guide to simple models that describe some of the complex fluid dynamics, heat/mass transfer and combustion processes in droplets and sprays. Attention is focused mainly on the use of classical hydrodynamics, and a combination of kinetic and hydrodynamic models, to analyse the heating and evaporation of mono- and multi-component droplets. The models were developed for cases when small and large numbers of components are present in droplets. Some of these models are used for the prediction of time to puffing/micro-explosion of composite water/fuel droplets — processes that are widely used in combustion devices to stimulate disintegration of relatively large droplets into smaller ones. The predictions of numerical codes based on these models are validated against experimental results where possible. In most of the models, droplets are assumed to be spherical; some preliminary results of the generalisation of these models to the case of non-spherical droplets, approximating them as spheroids, are presented.
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This book introduces the basic concepts of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of single-phase and multiphase flows. While the opening chapter focuses on the key equations that are solved numerically using classical CFD codes, the intention is not just to show these equations, but also to present key ideas of the calculus on which the formulations of these equations, and the analysis of other parts of the book, are based. Various approaches to the discretisation of conservation equations describing single-phase flows and the methods for solving the algebraic equations are demonstrated, including the details of some derivations usually omitted in classical textbooks. Also, the details of the SIMPLE algorithm is described. In contrast to most classical CFD books, this textbook also develops the basic principles of modelling multiphase flows, including approaches to modelling spray formation and droplet dynamics, analyses of flow instabilities, and droplet heating and evaporation. Completing the coverage, approaches to modelling the processes in multicomponent droplets, including puffing and micro-explosion in composite droplets, are discussed and the modelling of thermal radiation transfer using CFD codes is treated.