Shifman Misha Shifman – författare

This captivating book is a story of the friendship between a genius physicist Wolfgang Pauli and Charlotte Houtermans whose career in physics was not as glamorous. They met in the late 1920s in Germany, at the very onset of the quantum era and personally knew all the major players in the emergent quantum world that was very much part of central Europe: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Denmark and Switzerland. And Charlotte was a student at Göttingen that was right at the heart.Caught between two evils — Soviet Communism and German National Socialism — she would have probably perished if it were not for the brotherhood of physicists: Niels Bohr, Wolfgang Pauli, Albert Einstein, James Franck, Max Born, Robert Oppenheimer and many other noted scientists who tried to save friends and colleagues (either leftist sympathizers or Jews) who were in mortal danger of being entrapped in a simmering pre-WWII Europe.Using newly discovered documents from the Houtermans family archive: twenty three Pauli''s letters to Charlotte Houtermans, her correspondence with other great physicists, Charlotte''s diaries, interviews with her children, almost all documents presented in this book are published for the first time.

This textbook grew out of lecture notes the author used in delivering a quantum field theory (QFT) course for students (both in high energy physics and condensed matter) who already had an initial exposure to the subject.It begins with the path integral method of quantization presented in a systematic and clear-cut manner. Perturbation theory is generalized beyond tree level, to include radiative corrections (loops). Renormalization procedures and the Wilsonian renormalization group (RG flow) are discussed, asymptotic freedom of non-Abelian gauge theories is derived, and some applications in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) are considered, with a brief digression into the Standard Model (SM). The SM case requires a study of the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry, a phenomenon which would be more appropriate to call ''Higgsing of the gauge bosons.'' Other regimes attainable in gauge theories are explained as well. In the condensed matter part, the Heisenberg and Ising model are discussed. The present textbook differs from many others in that it is relatively concise and, at the same time, teaches students to carry out actual calculations which they may encounter in QFT-related applications.

This book presents the first detailed biography of George Placzek — an outstanding physicist, a participant in the Manhattan Project who stood at the very inception of nuclear physics and the subsequent development of the nuclear bomb in the course of the WWII. In the 1930s, George Placzek was known as an adventurous person with a sharp sense of humor, a tireless generator of novel physics ideas which he generously shared with his colleagues. Born in Brno (now Czech Republic) into a wealthy Jewish family, he lost all his relatives to Holocaust, casting a tragic shadow on his life.Placzek''s scientific career began in the late 1920s when the quantum revolution was almost over, but nuclear physics was still at its infancy. He established personal and scientific relations with the creators of quantum mechanics, such as Heisenberg in Leipzig and Niels Bohr in Copenhagen. In Rome, he worked with Fermi, and in Copenhagen he became a part of Bohr''s nuclear physics team which dominated nuclear theory at that time. The scope of Placzek''s pilgrimage around world physics centers in the 1930s was unique among his colleagues. In January 1939, George Placzek managed to emigrate from Europe to the US, and became a part of the British Mission within the Manhattan Project. His physical insights were instrumental in advancing from the basic discoveries on nuclear chain reactions to the Trinity experiment, Hiroshima and Nagasaki.This book is a unique compilation of a large number of previously unknown and unpublished documents from private and university archives, police reports, etc. Placzek''s correspondence with the leadership of the Hebrew University in 1934, the 1937 NKVD interrogation files of Konrad Weisselberg, recollections of Ella Andriesse as well as the Zurich Police report of 1956 detailing the circumstances of Placzek''s death in a Zurich hotel are illuminating as they shed light on poorly known pages of his life.

This groundbreaking work features two essays written by the renowned mathematician Ilan Vardi. The first essay presents a thorough analysis of contrived problems suggested to “undesirable” applicants to the Department of Mathematics of Moscow University. His second essay gives an in-depth discussion of solutions to the Year 2000 International Mathematical Olympiad, with emphasis on the comparison of the olympiad problems to those given at the Moscow University entrance examinations.The second part of the book provides a historical background of a unique phenomenon in mathematics, which flourished in the 1970s-80s in the USSR. Specially designed math problems were used not to test students'' ingenuity and creativity but, rather, as “killer problems,” to deny access to higher education to “undesirable” applicants. The focus of this part is the 1980 essay, “Intellectual Genocide”, written by B Kanevsky and V Senderov. It is being published for the first time. Also featured is a little-known page of the Soviet history, a rare example of the oppressed organizing to defend their dignity. This is the story of the so-called Jewish People''s University, the inception of which is associated with Kanevsky, Senderov and Bella Subbotovskaya.

This invaluable collection of memoirs and reviews on scientific activities of the most prominent theoretical physicists belonging to the Landau School — Landau, Migdal, Zeldovich, Smorodinsky, Ter-Martirosyan, Kirzhnits, Gribov, Larkin and Anselm — are being published in English for the first time.The main goal is to acquaint readers with the life and work of outstanding Soviet physicists who, to a large extent, shaped theoretical physics in the 1950s-70s. Many intriguing details have remained unknown beyond the “Iron Curtain” which was dismantled only with the fall of the USSR.

The volume contains the proceedings of the workshop Continuous Advances in QCD 2006, hosted by the Wiliam I Fine Theoretical Physics Institute. This biennial workshop was the seventh meeting of the series, held at the University of Minnesota since 1994. The workshop gathered together about 110 scientists (a record number for the event), including most of the leading experts in quantum chromodynamics and non-Abelian gauge theories in general.

Felix Berezin was an outstanding Soviet mathematician who in the 1960s and 70s was the driving force behind the emergence of the branch of mathematics now known as supermathematics. The integral over the anticommuting Grassmann variables that he introduced in the 1960s laid the foundation for the path integral formulation of quantum field theory with fermions, the heart of modern supersymmetric field theories and superstrings. The Berezin integral is named for him, as is the closely related construction of the Berezinian, which may be regarded as the superanalog of the determinant.This book features a masterfully written memoir by Berezin''s widow, Elena Karpel, who narrates a remarkable account of Berezin''s life and his struggle for survival under the totalitarian Soviet regime. Supplemented with recollections by his close friends and colleagues, Berezin''s accomplishments in mathematics, his novel ideas and breakthrough works, are reviewed in two articles written by Andrei Losev and Robert Minlos.

This volume is a collection of dedicated reviews covering all aspects of theoretical high energy physics and some aspects of solid state physics. Some of the papers are broad reviews of topics that span the entire field while others are surveys of authors'' personal achievements. This is the most comprehensive review collection reflecting state of the art at the end of 2004. An important and unique aspect is a special effort the authors have invested in making the presentation pedagogical.

The symposium and workshop “Continuous Advances in QCD / Arkadyfest” was the fifth in the series of meetings organized by the William I Fine Theoretical Physics Institute at the University of Minnesota. This meeting brought together leading researchers in high-energy physics to exchange the latest ideas in QCD and gauge theories at strong coupling at large. It honored the 60th birthday of Professor Arkady Vainshtein, and the papers included in this proceedings volume also look back on the history of the subjects in which Arkady played such a central role: applications of PCAC, penguins, invisible axions, QCD sum rules, exact beta functions, condensates in supersymmetry, powerful heavy quark expansions, and new anomalies in 2D SUSY theories. The current status of these subjects was summarized in several excellent presentations that also outlined a historical perspective. A number of papers from leading researchers in the field present new developments and ideas in modern areas of study, such as the cosmological constant problem in extra-dimension theories, supersymmetric monopoles, solitons and confinement, AdS/CFT correspondence, and high density QCD.

This is the fourth and last volume of the invaluable publication At the Frontier of Particle Physics: Handbook of QCD. In this volume the reader will find three important sections. The first is devoted to QCD-based phenomenology. It covers issues deeply woven into the fabric of particle physics: weak interactions of light quarks (J Bijnens) and heavy quarkonium physics (A Hoang). The second section is a report on recent advances in the understanding of confinement in three dimensions in the Georgi-Glashow model (I Kogan and A Kovner). The third section deals with lattice QCD (A Kronfeld) and loop equations (A Dubin and Yu Makeenko).The five reviews in Volume 4, together with the 33 reviews in Volumes 1-3, constitute a full encyclopedia, covering all aspects of quantum chromodynamics as we know it today. The articles have been written by recognized experts in this field. Combining features of a handbook and a textbook, this is the most comprehensive source of information on the current status of QCD. It is intended for students as well as physicists — both theorists and experimentalists.

The story of the discovery of supersymmetry is a fascinating one, unlike that of any other major development in the history of science. This engaging book presents a view of the process, mainly in the words of people who participated. It combines anecdotal descriptions and personal reminiscences with more technical accounts of the trailblazers, covering the birth of the theory and its first years — the origin of the idea, four-dimensional field theory realization, and supergravity. The eyewitnesses convey to us the drama of one of the deepest discoveries in theoretical physics in the 20th century. This book will be equally interesting and useful to young researchers in high energy physics and to mature scholars — physicists and historians of science.

This invaluable volume is dedicated to the memory of Yuri Golfand, one of the discoverers of supersymmetry. Together with his student, he constructed in 1970 the superextension of the Poincaré algebra and obtained the first four-dimensional supersymmetric field theory, a version of supersymmetric QED. Golfand died in 1994 in Israel.Did the pioneers of supersymmetry — Neveu, Schwarz, Ramond, Golfand, Volkov, Wess, Zumino and others — foresee in the early 1970''s that they would be opening to us the gates of the superworld? The superworld will become one of the most important components of our understanding of Nature — a component that will stay with us forever.This book is a compilation of the original papers and review articles, devoted to various aspects of supersymmetry, written by the outstanding researchers in the field, theorists whose work shaped the present day theory and continues to make a profound impact on the frontier directions of the current development. A wide range of topics is covered — from subtle results in the superstring theory to supersymmetry-based phenomenology. Most of the articles have been prepared specifically for this volume.The first part of the book consists of the Editor''s essay presenting the basic stages of Golfand''s life and work, the memoirs of his widow, Mrs N Koretz-Golfand and of his student, Dr E Likhtman. Also included is the article of Prof. M Marinov “Revealing the Path to the Superworld”, outlining the main ideas that paved the way to the discovery of supersymmetry. The historical part of the book concludes with the English translation of the Golfand-Likhtman paper on supersymmetry published in 1972 in the Tamm Memorial Volume.

For almost two decades Prof. Shifman, a clear and pedagogical expositor, has been giving review lectures on frontier topics in theoretical high energy physics. This two-volume book is a collection of some of the best of those lectures. The lectures written in the 1980''s and early 1990''s have been revised and updated specifically for this publication. The lectures in this book are intended for beginners - graduate students and young researchers - who are about to delve into the intricacies of the theory. They were used by the author in his course '';Advanced Modern Field Theory and Its Applications'';, given in the academic year 1994/95 at the University of Minnesota.A wide range of key topics is covered. In Volume 1, the first two chapters are devoted to quantum chromodynamics as the theory of hadrons. The author gives an in-depth discussion of a variety ofpowerful methods based on Wilson''s operator product expansion. Chapter 3 (written together with V Novikov, A Vainshtein, and V Zakharov) is the most systematic and pedagogical presentation of instantons in the gauge theories one can find in the literature. Chapter 4 introduces supersymmetry. Chapter 5, concluding this volume, reviews the fascinating dynamics of supersymmetric gauge theories in the strong coupling regime. Chapter 6, which opens Volume 2, is a culmination of the supersymmetric theme. It gives a state-of-the-art description of the breakthrough developments in supersymmetric gauge theories. It has been written specifically for this book by A Vainshtein and the author. Chapter 7 is designed as a primer of two-dimensional conformal field theory, which constitutes the basis of modern string theory. Chapter 8, the last, presents remarkable new findings in quantum mechanics. Every chapter contains exercises and a list of recommended literature.Prof. Shifman has been an active participant and significant contributor in the development of the ideas presented in this book. This accounts for the historical remarks and digressions interspersed in the book, enhancing its pedagogical role. The book will serve as a comprehensive reference and textbook for all graduate students and researchers interested in modern particle physics. It will also be a useful guide for lecturers.

This volume is a compilation of works which, taken together, give a complete and consistent presentation of instanton calculus in non-Abelian gauge theories, as it exists now. Some of the papers reproduced are instanton classics. Among other things, they show from a historical perspective how the instanton solution has been found, the motivation behind it and how the physical meaning of instantons has been revealed. Other papers are devoted to different aspects of instanton formalism including instantons in supersymmetric gauge theories. A few unsolved problems associated with instantons are described in great detail. The papers are organized into several sections that are linked both logically and historically, accompanied by extensive comments.