Siegmund Brandt - Böcker

Physics was the leading science of the twentieth century and the book retraces important discoveries, made between 1895 and 2001, in 100 self-contained episodes. Each is a short story of the scientists involved, their time, and their work. Together they form a mosaic of modern physics: formulating relativity and quantum mechanics, finding the constituents of matter and unravelling the forces between them, understanding the working of conductors and semiconductors, discovering and explaining macroscopic quantum effects (superconductivity, superfluidity, quantum Hall effect), developing novel experimental techniques like the Geiger counter and particle accelerators, building revolutionary applications like the transistor and the laser, and observing astonishing features of our cosmos (expanding universe, cosmic background radiation). The text is intended for easy reading. Occasionally, a more thorough discussion of experimental set-ups and theoretical concepts is presented in special boxes for readers interested in more detail. Episodes contain extensive references to biographies and original scientific literature. The book is richly illustrated by about 600 portraits, photographs and figures.

Physics was the leading science of the twentieth century and the book retraces important discoveries, made between 1895 and 2001, in 100 self-contained episodes. Each is a short story of the scientists involved, their time, and their work. Together they form a mosaic of modern physics: formulating relativity and quantum mechanics, finding the constituents of matter and unravelling the forces between them, understanding the working of conductors and semiconductors, discovering and explaining macroscopic quantum effects (superconductivity, superfluidity, quantum Hall effect), developing novel experimental techniques like the Geiger counter and particle accelerators, building revolutionary applications like the transistor and the laser, and observing astonishing features of our cosmos (expanding universe, cosmic background radiation). The text is intended for easy reading. Occasionally, a more thorough discussion of experimental set-ups and theoretical concepts is presented in special boxes for readers interested in more detail. Episodes contain extensive references to biographies and original scientific literature. The book is richly illustrated by about 600 portraits, photographs, and figures.

This book bridges the gap between statistical theory and physcal experiment. It provides a thorough introduction to the statistical methods used in the experimental physical sciences and to the numerical methods used to implement them. An accompanying CD-ROM provides detailed code (in Fortran77 and in C) for implementing many of these algorithms (for IBM PS/2 or PC machines). The treatment emphasizes concise but rigorous mathematics but always retains its focus on applications. The reader is presumed to have a sound basic knowledge of differential and integral calulus and some knowledge of vectors and matrices (an appendix develops the vector and matrix methods used and provides a collection of related computer routines). After an introduction of probability, random variables, computer generation of random numbers (Monte Carlo methods) and impotrtant distributions (such as the biomial, Poisson, and normal distributions), the book turns to a discussion of statistical samples, the maximum likelihood method, and the testing of statistical hypotheses.The discussion concludes with the discussion of several important stistical methods: least squares, analysis of variance, polynomial regression, and analysis of tiem series. Appendices provide the necessary methods of matrix algebra, combinatorics, and many sets of useful algorithms and formulae. The book is intended for graduate students setting out on experimental research, but it should also provide a useful reference and programming guide for experienced experimenters. A large number of problems (many with hints or solutions) serve to help the reader test

Interquanta (IQ), an interactive program on quantum mechanics allows students to do their own quantum physics experiments on the computer, and to study in 3D color graphics such quantities as complex probability amplitude, eigencalues, scattering cross sections, and more. By experiencing many such computer experiments, students gain a unique, "hands-on" experience in quantum physics which is otherwise difficult to achieve. The graphic features include two-and three-dimensional graphics in the form of static frames and motion pictures.Students do no programming, and hence need no previous detailed knowledge of this. The program has a very convenient, self-explanatory user interface based on the Java software technology. The book provides a recapitulation of the basic quantum mechanical formula, a manual to the IQ program, and a complete course with more than 300 tested problems. Fully automatic demonstration sessions are provided as introduction to interactive work.Physics topics covered include free particles, bound states and scattering in various potentials in one and three space dimensions, two-particle systems, properties of special functions of mathematical physics.

1. 1 Typical Problems of Data Analysis Every branch of experimental science, after passing through an early stage of qualitative description, concerns itself with quantitative studies of the phe­ nomena of interest, i. e. , measurements. In addition to designing and carrying out the experiment, an importal1t task is the accurate evaluation and complete exploitation of the data obtained. Let us list a few typical problems. 1. A study is made of the weight of laboratory animals under the influence of various drugs. After the application of drug A to 25 animals, an average increase of 5 % is observed. Drug B, used on 10 animals, yields a 3 % increase. Is drug A more effective? The averages 5 % and 3 % give practically no answer to this question, since the lower value may have been caused by a single animal that lost weight for some unrelated reason. One must therefore study the distribution of individual weights and their spread around the average value. Moreover, one has to decide whether the number of test animals used will enable one to differentiate with a certain accuracy between the effects of the two drugs. 2. In experiments on crystal growth it is essential to maintain exactly the ratios of the different components. From a total of 500 crystals, a sample of 20 is selected and analyzed.

Based on the interactive program Interquanta, Quantum Mechanics on the Macintosh, uses extensive 3-D graphics to guide the student through computer experiments in the quantum mechanics of free particle motion, bound states and scattering, tunneling, two-particle interactions, and more. It also includes a section on special functions of mathematical physics. With more than 200 problems, the text and programs provide students with practical experiences in using such hard-to-visualize concepts as complex amplitudes, eigenvalues, and scattering cross sections. The diskette included with the book provides two versions of the programs, one for use in computers with a mathematical coprocessor, the other optimized for machines without a coprocessor. For this new edition the software has been updated and extended.

The aim of this book is to explain the basic concepts and phenomena of quantum mechanics by means of visualisation. Computer-generated illustrations in color are used extensively throughout the text, helping to establish the relation between quantum mechanics—wave functions, interference, atomic structure, and so forth—and classical physics—point mechanics, statistical mechanics, and wave optics. Even more important, by studying the pictures in parallel with the text, readers develop an intuition for such notoriously abstract phenomena as:the tunnel effect excitation and decay of metastable states wave-packet motion within a well systems of distinguishable and indistinguishable particles free wave packets and scattering in 3 dimensions angular-momentum decomposition stationary bound states in various 3-dimensional potentials hybrid states Kepler motion of wave packets in the Coulomb field spin and magnetic resonance Illustrations from experiments in a variety of fields, including chemistry, and molecular, atomic, nuclear, and particle physics, underline the basic as well as the practical importance of quantum mechanics. In the present, fourth edition all computer graphics are presented in full colour. It also contains additional physics topics such as hybridisation.

The aim of this book is to explain the basic concepts and phenomena of quantum mechanics by means of visualisation. Computer-generated illustrations in color are used extensively throughout the text, helping to establish the relation between quantum mechanics—wave functions, interference, atomic structure, and so forth—and classical physics—point mechanics, statistical mechanics, and wave optics. Even more important, by studying the pictures in parallel with the text, readers develop an intuition for such notoriously abstract phenomena as:the tunnel effect excitation and decay of metastable states wave-packet motion within a well systems of distinguishable and indistinguishable particles free wave packets and scattering in 3 dimensions angular-momentum decomposition stationary bound states in various 3-dimensional potentials hybrid states Kepler motion of wave packets in the Coulomb field spin and magnetic resonance Illustrations from experiments in a variety of fields, including chemistry, and molecular, atomic, nuclear, and particle physics, underline the basic as well as the practical importance of quantum mechanics. In the present, fourth edition all computer graphics are presented in full colour. It also contains additional physics topics such as hybridisation.

Interquanta (IQ), an interactive program on quantum mechanics allows students to do their own quantum physics experiments on the computer, and to study in 3D color graphics such quantities as complex probability amplitude, eigencalues, scattering cross sections, and more.

The fourth edition of this successful textbook presents a comprehensive introduction to statistical and numerical methods for the evaluation of empirical and experimental data.

The fourth edition of this successful textbook presents a comprehensive introduction to statistical and numerical methods for the evaluation of empirical and experimental data. Equal weight is given to statistical theory and practical problems. The concise mathematical treatment of the subject matter is illustrated by many examples and for the present edition a library of Java programs has been developed. It comprises methods of numerical data analysis and graphical representation as well as many example programs and solutions to programming problems.The book is conceived both as an introduction and as a work of reference. In particular it addresses itself to students, scientists and practitioners in science and engineering as a help in the analysis of their data in laboratory courses, in working for bachelor or master degrees, in thesis work, and in research and professional work.

Die "Elektrodynamik" ging aus einem gemeinsamen Kurs eines Experimentalphysikers und eines Theoretikers hervor und stellt somit einen besonderen Zugang zum Stoff dar. Anschaulich illustriert und ergänzt durch zahlreiche Experimente und Aufgaben mit Hinweisen und Lösungen hat dieser Kurs noch mehr zu bieten: jeder Abschnitt beginnt mit einer kurzen inhaltlichen Zusammenfassung und einer Symbolliste; ein ausführlicher Anhang erläutert mathematische Hilfsmittel wie Vektoranalysis, Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und Distributionen. Diese vierte umfassend neubearbeitete Auflage ist ein echtes Arbeitsbuch für Studienanfänger.

Die "Mechanik" ging aus einem gemeinsamen Kurs eines Experimentalphysikers und eines Theoretikers hervor und stellt somit einen besonderen Zugang zum Stoff dar. Anschaulich illustriert und ergänzt durch zahlreiche Experimente und Aufgaben mit Hinweisen und Lösungen, hat dieser Kurs noch mehr zu bieten: jeder Abschnitt beginnt mit einer kurzen inhaltlichen Zusammenfassung und einer Symbolliste; ein ausführlicher Anhang erläutert Vektoren, Tensoren, Vektoranalysis, Taylor-Reihen, Komplexe Zahlen und SI-Einheiten. Diese vierte, komplett überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage ist ein echtes Arbeitsbuch für Studienanfänger.

Based on the interactive program Interquanta, Quantum Mechanics on the Macintosh, uses extensive 3-D graphics to guide the student through computer experiments in the quantum mechanics of free particle motion, bound states and scattering, tunneling, two-particle interactions, and more. It also includes a section on special functions of mathematical physics. With more than 200 problems, the text and programs provide students with practical experiences in using such hard-to-visualize concepts as complex amplitudes, eigenvalues, and scattering cross sections. The diskette included with the book provides two versions of the programs, one for use in computers with a mathematical coprocessor, the other optimised for machines without a coprocessor. For this new edition the software has been updated and extended.

Based on the interactive program Interquanta, "Quantum Mechanics on the Macintosh", uses 3-D graphics to guide the student through computer experiments in the quantum mechanics of free particle motion, bound states and scattering, tunnelling, two-particle interactions and more. It also inc ludes a section on special functions of mathematical physics. With more than 200 problems, the text and the accompanying computer programs offer students practical experiences in using such hard-to-visualize concepts such as complex amplitudes, eigenvalues and scattering cross sections. The diskettes included with the book provide two versions of the programs, one for use in computers with a mathematical coprocessor and the other optimized for machines without a coprocessor.

Die fünfte Auflage dieses erfolgreichen Buchs gibt eine umfassende Einführung in statistische und numerische Methoden zur Auswertung empirischer und experimenteller Daten. Statistische Theorie und praktische Probleme werden gleichermaßen behandelt: Es wird eine knappe mathematische Formulierung benutzt, ohne dabei die Anwendungen zu vernachlässigen, die in vielen Beispielen dargestellt werden. Für diese Auflage wurde eine Bibliothek von Java-Programmen entwickelt. Sie umfasst Methoden der rechnerischen Datenanalyse und der graphischen Darstellung sowie zahlreiche Beispielprogramme und Lösungen zu Programmieraufgaben. Die Programme (Quellcode und Java-Klassen, Dokumentation) und ausführliche Anhänge zum Haupttext des Buches stehen online auf der Seite des Buches innerhalb von www.springer.com zur Verfügung.Der Inhalt·         Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, Zufallsvariable·         Zufallszahlen und Monte-Carlo-Methode·         Statistische Verteilungen (Binomial-, Gauß-, Poisson, …), Stichproben, Statistische Tests·         Maximum Likelihood, kleinste Quadrate, Regression, Minimierung·         Varianzanlyse und Zeitreihenanalyse·         Anhänge zu mathematischen Hilfsmethoden und zu den Programmen.Die ZielgruppenDas Buch ist konzipiert als Einführung für Bachelor-Studierende und als Nachschlagewerk für Studierende im Master- und Promotionsstudium sowie fürNaturwissenschaftler und Ingenieure in Forschung und Praxis. Es bietet ihnen Anleitung und Hilfe  bei der Analyse ihrer Daten·         im Praktikum·         in Bachelor- und Master-Arbeiten·         in Dissertationen·         in Forschung und Beruf.Der AutorSiegmund Brandt ist emeritierter Professor der Physik an der Universität Siegen. Mit seiner Gruppe arbeitete er an Experimenten zur Elementarteilchenphysik an den Forschungszentren DESY in Hamburg und CERN in Genf, bei denen die Auswertung der experimentell gewonnenen Daten eine wichtige Rolle spielt.Er war Vorsitzender des Wissenschaftlichen Rates von DESY und ist Autor bzw. Koautor von Lehrbüchern, die in zehn Sprachen erschienen sind.

This book is essentially an extensive user's guide for INTERQUANTA, the Interactive Program of Quantum Mechanics which we will abbreviate hence­ forth as IQ. The book also contains a short summary of the different subjects of quantum mechanics treated by IQ as well as a large number of exercises. The program can be used in two ways. By working through (at least a part of) these exercises, the user of IQ explores a computer laboratory in quantum mechanics gaining experience in this abstract field by performing computer experiments. No knowledge of computer programming is required. The user only has to learn how to use some of the simple IQ commands and, in par­ ticular, the extensive HELP facilities. A simpler way to use IQ is to study one or several of the ready-made demonstrations. In each demonstration the user is taken through one chapter of quantum mechanics. Short explanatory texts displayed on the screen interchange with graphics illustrating quantum­ mechanical problems which are solved by the program.

Diese kompakte Einführung enthält die wichtigsten Grundlagen der mathematischen Statistik, die Beschreibung von Messungen und deren Fehler als Ergebnisse von Stichproben und die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate, angewandt auf verschieden schwierige konkrete Beispiele. Zusätzlich werden kurze Hinweise auf weitere Verfahren der Datenanalyse gegeben.

Die Autorenvermitteln die wichtigsten Grundbegriffe der Mechanik, die Newtonschen Gesetzeund aus ihnen abgeleiteten Erkenntnisse. Die Leser lernen die BegriffeGeschwindigkeit, Beschleunigung, Kraft, Energie, Impuls, Drehmoment,Drehimpuls, Leistung und Wirkung kennen. Die Bewegung eines einzelnenMassenpunkts wird an den klassischen Beispielen Pendel, Fall, Wurf undPlanetenbewegung verdeutlicht. Für Systeme mehrerer Massenpunkte gelten unterbestimmten Umständen die Erhaltung von Energie, Impuls und Drehimpuls. Derstarre Körper wird für den Fall seiner Bewegung um eine feste Achse betrachtet.Die Darstellung schließt mit der Diskussion verschiedener Bezugssysteme.

Die Autoren zeigen in diesem essential, wie Schwingungen und Wellen in vielen Teilgebieten der Physik auftreten und dass ein Massenpunkt um seine Ruhelage oder ein elektrischer Strom um den Wert Null schwingen können. Sie führen die Leser in die mathematische Behandlung und die verwendeten Begriffe ein und geben Erläuterungen zu Erscheinungen wie gedämpfte und erzwungene Schwingungen und zum Phänomen der Resonanz. Die Leser lernen, dass Wellen räumliche Muster einer physikalischen Größe sind, die sich zeitlich im Raum ausbreiten. Ihr Verhalten wird durch die Wellengleichung bestimmt und durch die Gegebenheiten im Raum. Betrachtet werden Wellen in einer und drei Raumdimensionen und die Phänomene Interferenz, Reflexion, Brechung, Polarisation und stehende Wellen.

In diesem Buch werden die grundlegenden Begriffe und Erscheinungen der Quantenmechanik eingeführt und visualisiert. Computergrafiken dienen zur Veranschaulichung der zunächst ungewohnt abstrakten Begriffe dieses Gebiets. Dabei werden insbesondere Vergleiche mit der klassischen Mechanik und der Wellenoptik herangezogen. Grafiken vieler Beispiele helfen dabei, eine Intuition auch für quantenmechanische Vorgänge zu vermitteln. Mehr als 80 computergenerierte Videos zum Buch sind in einem YouTube-Kanal zusammengefasst und über QR-Codes im Buch leicht einzusehen. Studierenden der Physik sowie Lehramtsstudierenden der Physik oder Chemie werden folgende spannende Themen erklärt:Lichtwellen, Materiewellen, Wellenpakete, Schrödinger-Gleichung, WahrscheinlichkeitsinterpretationQuantenmechanik in einer Dimension: Streuung, gebundene Zustände, Bewegung im Potential, kohärente und gestauchte Zustände, QuantilbewegungZweiteilchenzustände: unterscheidbare und ununterscheidbare TeilchenQuantenmechanik in drei Dimensionen: Drehimpuls, Streuamplitude, Streuquerschnitt, Resonanzstreuung, Wasserstoffatom, KeplerbewegungHybridisierungSpin und magnetische ResonanzExperimentelle Beispiele aus Atom-, Kern-, Teilchen- und FestkörperphysikEinfache Aspekte der Struktur der Quantenmechanik