Slawomir Koziel - Böcker

Contemporary engineering design is heavily based on computer simulations. Unfortunately, accurate simulations are often computationally very expensive with evaluation times as long as hours or even days per design, making design automation using conventional methods impractical.

Contemporary engineering design is heavily based on computer simulations. Unfortunately, accurate simulations are often computationally very expensive with evaluation times as long as hours or even days per design, making design automation using conventional methods impractical.

Computer simulations is a fundamental tool of the design process in many engineering disciplines including aerospace engineering. However, although high-fidelity numerical models are accurate, they can be computationally expensive with evaluation time for a single design as long as hours, days or even weeks. Simulation-driven design using conventional optimization techniques may be therefore prohibitive.This book explores the alternative: performing computationally efficient design using surrogate-based optimization, where the high-fidelity model is replaced by its computationally cheap but still reasonably accurate representation: a surrogate. The emphasis is on physics-based surrogates. Application-wise, the focus is on aerodynamics and the methods and techniques described in the book are demonstrated using aerodynamic shape optimization cases. Applications in other engineering fields are also demonstrated.State-of-the-art techniques and a depth of coverage never published before make this a unique and essential book for all researchers working in aerospace and other engineering areas and dealing with optimization, computationally expensive design problems, and simulation-driven design.

This book addresses computationally-efficient multi-objective optimization of antenna structures using variable-fidelity electromagnetic simulations, surrogate modeling techniques, and design space reduction methods. Based on contemporary research, it formulates multi-objective design tasks, highlights related challenges in the context of antenna design, and discusses solution approaches. Specific focus is on providing methodologies for handling computationally expensive simulation models of antenna structures in the sense of their multi-objective optimization. Also given is a summary of recent developments in antenna design optimization using variable-fidelity simulation models. Numerous examples of real-world antenna design problems are provided along with discussions and recommendations for the readers interested in applying the considered methods in their design work.Written with researchers and students in mind, topics covered can also be applied across a broad spectrum of aeronautical, mechanical, electrical, biomedical and civil engineering. It is of particular interest to those dealing with optimization, computationally expensive design tasks and simulation-driven design.

The book addresses surrogate-assisted design of antenna arrays, in particular, how surrogate models, both data-driven and physics-based, can be utilized to expedite procedures such as parametric optimization, design closure, statistical analysis, or fault detection. Algorithms and design frameworks are illustrated using a large variety of examples including real-world printed-circuit antenna and antenna array structures.This unique compendium contains introductory materials concerning numerical optimization, both conventional (gradient-based and derivative-free, including metaheuristics) and surrogate-based, as well as a considerable selection of customized procedures developed specifically to handle antenna array problems. Recommendations concerning practical aspects of surrogate-assisted multi-objective antenna optimization are also given. The methods presented allow for cost-efficient handling of antenna array design problems (involving CPU-intensive EM models) in the context of design optimization and statistical analysis, which will benefit both researchers, designers and graduate students.

Contemporary high-frequency engineering design heavily relies on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis. This is primarily due to its versatility and ability to account for phenomena that are important from the point of view of system performance. Unfortunately, versatility comes at the price of a high computational cost of accurate evaluation. Consequently, utilization of simulation models in the design processes is challenging although highly desirable. The aforementioned problems can be alleviated by means of surrogate modeling techniques, the most popular of which are data-driven models. Although a large variety of methods are available, they are all affected by the curse of dimensionality. This is especially pronounced in high-frequency electronics, where typical system responses are highly nonlinear. Construction of practically useful surrogates covering wide ranges of parameters and operating conditions is a considerable challenge.Surrogate Modeling for High-Frequency Design presents a selection of works representing recent advancements in surrogate modeling and their applications to high-frequency design. Some chapters provide a review of specific topics such as neural network modeling of microwave components, while others describe recent attempts to improve existing modeling methodologies. Furthermore, the book features numerous applications of surrogate modeling methodologies to design optimization and uncertainty quantification of antenna, microwave, and analog RF circuits.

Computer-aided full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis has been used in microwave engineering for the past decade. Initially, its main application area was design verification. Today, EM-simulation-driven optimization and design closure become increasingly important due to the complexity of microwave structures and increasing demands for accuracy. In many situations, theoretical models of microwave structures can only be used to yield the initial designs that need to be further fine-tuned to meet given performance requirements. In addition, EM-based design is a must for a growing number of microwave devices such as ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas, dielectric resonator antennas and substrate-integrated circuits. For circuits like these, no design-ready theoretical models are available, so design improvement can only be obtained through geometry adjustments based on repetitive, time-consuming simulations. On the other hand, various interactions between microwave devices and their environment, such as feeding structures and housing, must be taken into account, and this is only possible through full-wave EM analysis.Electromagnetic simulations can be highly accurate, but they tend to be computationally expensive. Therefore, practical design optimization methods have to be computationally efficient, so that the number of CPU-intensive high-fidelity EM simulations is reduced as much as possible during the design process. For the same reasons, techniques for creating fast yet accurate models of microwave structures become crucially important.In this edited book, the authors strive to review the state-of-the-art simulation-driven microwave design optimization and modeling. A group of international experts specialized in various aspects of microwave computer-aided design summarize and review a wide range of the latest developments and real-world applications. Topics include conventional and surrogate-based design optimization techniques, methods exploiting adjoint sensitivity, simulation-based tuning, space mapping, and several modeling methodologies, such as artificial neural networks and kriging. Applications and case studies include microwave filters, antennas, substrate integrated structures and various active components and circuits. The book also contains a few introductory chapters highlighting the fundamentals of optimization and modeling, gradient-based and derivative-free algorithms, metaheuristics, and surrogate-based optimization techniques, as well as finite difference and finite element methods.

This book discusses surrogate modeling of high-frequency structures including antenna and microwave components. The focus is on constrained or performance-driven surrogates. The presented techniques aim at addressing the limitations of conventional modeling methods, pertinent to the issues of dimensionality and parameter ranges that need to be covered by the surrogate to ensure its design utility. Within performance-driven methodologies, mitigation of these problems is achieved through appropriate confinement of the model domain, focused on the regions promising from the point of view of the relevant design objectives. This enables the construction of reliable surrogates at a fraction of cost required by conventional methods, and to accomplish the modeling tasks where other techniques routinely fail. The book provides a broad selection of specific frameworks, extensively illustrated using examples of real-world microwave and antenna structures along with numerous design examples. Furthermore, the book contains introductory material on data-driven and physics-based surrogates. The book will be useful for the readers working in the area of high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering, antenna design, microwave photonics, magnetism, especially those that utilize electromagnetic (EM) simulation models in their daily routines.Covers performance-driven and constrained modeling methods, not available in other books to date;Discusses of a wide range of practical case studies including a variety of microwave and antenna structures;Includes design applications of the presented modeling frameworks, including single- and multi-objective parametric optimization.

This book discusses surrogate modeling of high-frequency structures including antenna and microwave components. The focus is on constrained or performance-driven surrogates. The presented techniques aim at addressing the limitations of conventional modeling methods, pertinent to the issues of dimensionality and parameter ranges that need to be covered by the surrogate to ensure its design utility. Within performance-driven methodologies, mitigation of these problems is achieved through appropriate confinement of the model domain, focused on the regions promising from the point of view of the relevant design objectives. This enables the construction of reliable surrogates at a fraction of cost required by conventional methods, and to accomplish the modeling tasks where other techniques routinely fail. The book provides a broad selection of specific frameworks, extensively illustrated using examples of real-world microwave and antenna structures along with numerous design examples. Furthermore, the book contains introductory material on data-driven and physics-based surrogates. The book will be useful for the readers working in the area of high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering, antenna design, microwave photonics, magnetism, especially those that utilize electromagnetic (EM) simulation models in their daily routines.Covers performance-driven and constrained modeling methods, not available in other books to date;Discusses of a wide range of practical case studies including a variety of microwave and antenna structures;Includes design applications of the presented modeling frameworks, including single- and multi-objective parametric optimization.

This book discusses  response feature technology and its applications to modeling, optimization, and computer-aided design of high-frequency structures including antenna and microwave components. By exploring the specific structure of the system outputs, feature-based approaches  facilitate simulation-driven design procedures, both in terms of improving their computational efficiency and reliability. These benefits are associated with the weakly nonlinear relationship between feature point coordinates and design variables, which—in the context of optimization—leads to inherent regularization of the objective functions. The book provides an overview  of the subject, a definition and extraction of characteristic points, and feature-based design problem reformulation. It also outlines a number of numerical algorithms developed to handle local, global, and multi-criterial design, surrogate modeling, as well as uncertainty quantification. The discussed frameworks are extensively illustrated using examples of real microwave and antenna structures, along with numerous design cases. Introductory material on simulation-driven design, numerical optimization, as well as behavioral and physics-based surrogate modeling is also included. The book will be useful for  readers working in the area of high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering, antenna design, microwave photonics, magnetism and especially those who utilize electromagnetic (EM) simulation models in their daily routines.

This book discusses response feature technology and its applications to modeling, optimization, and computer-aided design of high-frequency structures including antenna and microwave components.

This book discusses the lightweight, reconfigurable, and deployable origami antennas for adaptive communication systems. Origami technology has emerged as a disruptive force in antenna design, enabling the development of lightweight, reconfigurable antennas with tailored radiation characteristics.

This book discusses the lightweight, reconfigurable, and deployable origami antennas for adaptive communication systems. Origami technology has emerged as a disruptive force in antenna design, enabling the development of lightweight, reconfigurable antennas with tailored radiation characteristics.

This Brief reviews a number of techniques exploiting the surrogate-based optimization concept and variable-fidelity EM simulations for efficient optimization of antenna structures.

Computational complexity is a serious bottleneck for the design process in virtually any engineering area. While migration from prototyping and experimental-based design validation to verification using computer simulation models is inevitable and has a number of advantages, high computational costs of accurate, high-fidelity simulations can be a major issue that slows down the development of computer-aided design methodologies, particularly those exploiting automated design improvement procedures, e.g., numerical optimization. The continuous increase of available computational resources does not always translate into shortening of the design cycle because of the growing demand for higher accuracy and necessity to simulate larger and more complex systems. Accurate simulation of a single design of a given system may be as long as several hours, days or even weeks, which often makes design automation using conventional methods impractical or even prohibitive. Additional problems include numerical noise often present in the simulation data, possible presence of multiple locally optimum designs, as well as multiple conflicting objectives. In this edited book, various techniques that can alleviate solving computationally expensive engineering design problems are presented. One of the most promising approaches is the use of fast replacement models, so-called surrogates, that reliably represent the expensive, simulation-based model of the system/device of interest but they are much cheaper and analytically tractable. Here, a group of international experts summarize recent developments in the area and demonstrate applications in various disciplines of engineering and science. The main purpose of the work is to provide the basic concepts and formulations of the surrogate-based modeling and optimization paradigm, as well as discuss relevant modeling techniques, optimization algorithms and design procedures. Therefore, this book should be useful to researchers and engineers from any discipline where computationally heavy simulations are used on daily basis in the design process.

This book includes extended and revised versions of a set of selected papers from the 3rd International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications (SIMULTECH 2013) which was co-organized by the Reykjavik University (RU) and sponsored by the Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication (INSTICC). SIMULTECH 2013 was held in cooperation with the ACM SIGSIM - Special Interest Group (SIG) on SImulation and Modeling (SIM), Movimento Italiano Modellazione e Simulazione (MIMOS) and AIS Special Interest Group on Modeling and Simulation (AIS SIGMAS) and technically co-sponsored by the Society for Modeling & Simulation International (SCS), Liophant Simulation, Simulation Team and International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).This proceedings brings together researchers, engineers, applied mathematicians and practitioners working in the advances and applications in the field of system simulation.

This edited volume is devoted to the now-ubiquitous use of computational models across most disciplines of engineering and science, led by a trio of world-renowned researchers in the field. Focused on recent advances of modeling and optimization techniques aimed at handling computationally-expensive engineering problems involving simulation models, this book will be an invaluable resource for specialists (engineers, researchers, graduate students) working in areas as diverse as electrical engineering, mechanical and structural engineering, civil engineering, industrial engineering, hydrodynamics, aerospace engineering, microwave and antenna engineering, ocean science and climate modeling, and the automotive industry, where design processes are heavily based on CPU-heavy computer simulations. Various techniques, such as knowledge-based optimization, adjoint sensitivity techniques, and fast replacement models (to name just a few) are explored in-depth along withan array of the latest techniques to optimize the efficiency of the simulation-driven design process.High-fidelity simulation models allow for accurate evaluations of the devices and systems, which is critical in the design process, especially to avoid costly prototyping stages. Despite this and other advantages, the use of simulation tools in the design process is quite challenging due to associated high computational cost. The steady increase of available computational resources does not always translate into the shortening of the design cycle because of the growing demand for higher accuracy and necessity to simulate larger and more complex systems. For this reason, automated simulation-driven design—while highly desirable—is difficult when using conventional numerical optimization routines which normally require a large number of system simulations, each one already expensive.

Focused on efficient simulation-driven multi-fidelity optimization techniques, this monograph on simulation-driven optimization covers simulations utilizing physics-based low-fidelity models, often based on coarse-discretization simulations or other types of simplified physics representations, such as analytical models. The methods presented in the book exploit as much as possible any knowledge about the system or device of interest embedded in the low-fidelity model with the purpose of reducing the computational overhead of the design process. Most of the techniques described in the book are of response correction type and can be split into parametric (usually based on analytical formulas) and non-parametric, i.e., not based on analytical formulas. The latter, while more complex in implementation, tend to be more efficient.The book presents a general formulation of response correction techniques as well as a number of specific methods, including those based on correcting the low-fidelity model response (output space mapping, manifold mapping, adaptive response correction and shape-preserving response prediction), as well as on suitable modification of design specifications. Detailed formulations, application examples and the discussion of advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are also included. The book demonstrates the use of the discussed techniques for solving real-world engineering design problems, including applications in microwave engineering, antenna design, and aero/hydrodynamics.

This edited volume is devoted to the now-ubiquitous use of computational models across most disciplines of engineering and science, led by a trio of world-renowned researchers in the field. Focused on recent advances of modeling and optimization techniques aimed at handling computationally-expensive engineering problems involving simulation models, this book will be an invaluable resource for specialists (engineers, researchers, graduate students) working in areas as diverse as electrical engineering, mechanical and structural engineering, civil engineering, industrial engineering, hydrodynamics, aerospace engineering, microwave and antenna engineering, ocean science and climate modeling, and the automotive industry, where design processes are heavily based on CPU-heavy computer simulations. Various techniques, such as knowledge-based optimization, adjoint sensitivity techniques, and fast replacement models (to name just a few) are explored in-depth along withan array of the latest techniques to optimize the efficiency of the simulation-driven design process.High-fidelity simulation models allow for accurate evaluations of the devices and systems, which is critical in the design process, especially to avoid costly prototyping stages. Despite this and other advantages, the use of simulation tools in the design process is quite challenging due to associated high computational cost. The steady increase of available computational resources does not always translate into the shortening of the design cycle because of the growing demand for higher accuracy and necessity to simulate larger and more complex systems. For this reason, automated simulation-driven design—while highly desirable—is difficult when using conventional numerical optimization routines which normally require a large number of system simulations, each one already expensive.

Focused on efficient simulation-driven multi-fidelity optimization techniques, this monograph on simulation-driven optimization covers simulations utilizing physics-based low-fidelity models, often based on coarse-discretization simulations or other types of simplified physics representations, such as analytical models. The methods presented in the book exploit as much as possible any knowledge about the system or device of interest embedded in the low-fidelity model with the purpose of reducing the computational overhead of the design process. Most of the techniques described in the book are of response correction type and can be split into parametric (usually based on analytical formulas) and non-parametric, i.e., not based on analytical formulas. The latter, while more complex in implementation, tend to be more efficient.The book presents a general formulation of response correction techniques as well as a number of specific methods, including those based on correcting the low-fidelity model response (output space mapping, manifold mapping, adaptive response correction and shape-preserving response prediction), as well as on suitable modification of design specifications. Detailed formulations, application examples and the discussion of advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are also included. The book demonstrates the use of the discussed techniques for solving real-world engineering design problems, including applications in microwave engineering, antenna design, and aero/hydrodynamics.

Computational optimization is an important paradigm with a wide range of applications. In virtually all branches of engineering and industry, we almost always try to optimize something - whether to minimize the cost and energy consumption, or to maximize profits, outputs, performance and efficiency. In many cases, this search for optimality is challenging, either because of the high computational cost of evaluating objectives and constraints, or because of the nonlinearity, multimodality, discontinuity and uncertainty of the problem functions in the real-world systems. Another complication is that most problems are often NP-hard, that is, the solution time for finding the optimum increases exponentially with the problem size. The development of efficient algorithms and specialized techniques that address these difficulties is of primary importance for contemporary engineering, science and industry. This book consists of 12 self-contained chapters, contributed from worldwide experts who are working in these exciting areas. The book strives to review and discuss the latest developments concerning optimization and modelling with a focus on methods and algorithms for computational optimization. It also covers well-chosen, real-world applications in science, engineering and industry. Main topics include derivative-free optimization, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, surrogate-based methods, maximum simulated likelihood estimation, support vector machines, and metaheuristic algorithms. Application case studies include aerodynamic shape optimization, microwave engineering, black-box optimization, classification, economics, inventory optimization and structural optimization. This graduate level book can serve asan excellent reference for lecturers, researchers and students in computational science, engineering and industry.

Contemporary design in engineering and industry relies heavily on computer simulation and efficient algorithms to reduce the cost and to maximize the performance and sustainability as well as profits and energy efficiency. Solving an optimization problem correctly and efficiently requires not only the right choice of optimization algorithms and simulation methods, but also the proper implementation and insight into the problem of interest. This book consists of ten self-contained, detailed case studies of real-world optimization problems, selected from a wide range of applications and contributed from worldwide experts who are working in these exciting areas. Optimization topics and applications include gas and water supply networks, oil field production optimization, microwave engineering, aerodynamic shape design, environmental emergence modelling, structural engineering, waveform design for radar and communication systems, parameter estimation in laser experiment and measurement, engineering materials and network scheduling. These case studies have been solved using a wide range of optimization techniques, including particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithms, artificial bee colony, harmony search, adaptive error control, derivative-free pattern search, surrogate-based optimization, variable-fidelity modelling, as well as various other methods and approaches. This book is a practical guide to help graduates and researchers to carry out optimization for real-world applications. More advanced readers will also find it a helpful reference and aide memoire.

Contemporary design in engineering and industry relies heavily on computer simulation and efficient algorithms to reduce the cost and to maximize the performance and sustainability as well as profits and energy efficiency. Solving an optimization problem correctly and efficiently requires not only the right choice of optimization algorithms and simulation methods, but also the proper implementation and insight into the problem of interest. This book consists of ten self-contained, detailed case studies of real-world optimization problems, selected from a wide range of applications and contributed from worldwide experts who are working in these exciting areas. Optimization topics and applications include gas and water supply networks, oil field production optimization, microwave engineering, aerodynamic shape design, environmental emergence modelling, structural engineering, waveform design for radar and communication systems, parameter estimation in laser experiment and measurement, engineering materials and network scheduling. These case studies have been solved using a wide range of optimization techniques, including particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithms, artificial bee colony, harmony search, adaptive error control, derivative-free pattern search, surrogate-based optimization, variable-fidelity modelling, as well as various other methods and approaches. This book is a practical guide to help graduates and researchers to carry out optimization for real-world applications. More advanced readers will also find it a helpful reference and aide memoire.