Sophie Geoffroy – författare

Vernon Lee was the pen name of Violet Paget (1856–1935) – a prolific author best known for her supernatural fiction and her radical polemics. She was also an active letter writer whose correspondents include many well-known figures in fin de siècle intellectual circles across Europe. However, until now no attempt has been made to make these letters widely available in their complete form. This multi-volume scholarly edition presents a comprehensive selection of her English, French, Italian, and German correspondence — compiled from more than 30 archives worldwide — that reflect her wide variety of interests and occupations as a Woman of Letters and contributor to scholarship and political activism. The edition focuses on those letters concerning the writing, ideas and aesthetics that influenced Lee’s articles, books and stories. Full transcriptions of letters are arranged in chronological order along with newly written introductions that explain their context and identifies the recipients, friends and colleagues mentioned. Since scholarship on Lee’s critical and creative output is still in the beginning stages, these letters will serve a purpose to students and researchers in a number of academic fields.The letters in this fourth volume (1897-1904) reveal the extraordinary range of Lee’s intellectual network across Europe and the central role that correspondence played in sustaining her social and professional life. Her correspondents include leading literary and cultural figures, and the volume documents evolving relationships marked by affection, collaboration, conflict, reconciliation, and estrangement. It traces her romantic attachment to Clementina Anstruther-Thomson, which gradually cooled into a lasting friendship; her reconciliation with Henry James; tensions with Bernard Berenson and Mary Costelloe following accusations of plagiarism; and the formation of new friendships with prominent writers and patrons. The letters also illuminate her personal circumstances: her lifelong devotion to her half-brother Eugene Lee-Hamilton, his recovery and marriage after their mother’s death, her grief over the passing of close friends such as Gabrielle Delzant, and her efforts to maintain connections within an ever-shifting cosmopolitan circle.At the same time, the correspondence provides detailed insight into Lee’s creative, intellectual, and social commitments during a highly productive period. It documents the publication of Genius Loci, the completion of Hortus Vitae, the beginning of Laurus Nobilis, and the composition of her play Ariadne in Mantua, as well as her research in psychology and aesthetics. Her travels across France and Germany—especially the German forests—deeply influenced her writing, and she vividly describes her impressions of landscapes, music festivals, and cultural life. Beyond literature, the letters reflect her engagement with broader causes, including nursing reform, the protection of historic buildings in Florence, and practical concerns such as copyright, translation, publishing, repairs to her home Il Palmerino, and revisions to her will. Overall, the volume portrays Vernon Lee as a complex, intellectually ambitious, and socially engaged European writer whose correspondence is indispensable for understanding both her work and the cultural networks of the fin de siècle.

Vernon Lee was the pen name of Violet Paget (1856–1935) – a prolific author best known for her supernatural fiction and her radical polemics. She was also an active letter writer whose correspondents include many well-known figures in fin de siècle intellectual circles across Europe. However, until now no attempt has been made to make these letters widely available in their complete form. This multi-volume scholarly edition presents a comprehensive selection of her English, French, Italian, and German correspondence — compiled from more than 30 archives worldwide — that reflect her wide variety of interests and occupations as a Woman of Letters and contributor to scholarship and political activism. Letters written in a language other than English have been expertly translated by scholars Sophie Geoffroy (from the French), Crystal Hall (from the Italian), and Christa Zorn (from the German). The edition focuses on those letters concerning the writing, ideas and aesthetics that influenced Lee’s articles, books and stories. Full transcriptions of some 500 letters, covering the years 1856-1935, are arranged in chronological order along with newly written introductions that explain their context and identifies the recipients, friends and colleagues mentioned. Since scholarship on Lee’s critical and creative output is still in the beginning stages, these letters will serve a purpose to students and researchers in a number of academic fields.In this second volume, covering the years 1885–1889, the 421 assembled letters follow Violet Paget-Vernon Lee in her early thirties. Recovering from the stinging reception of her first novel and from Annie Meyer’s death, she turns to essay writing on aesthetics and ethics and ghost stories. After Mary Robinson’s engagement to marry French orientalist Prof. Darmesteter, she travels to Spain, Gibraltar and Tangiers and briefly falls under the spell of the Orient. She also takes a liking to Scotland, and many of her close friends are Scottish --Alice Callander, Lady "Archie" (Janey Sevilla Archibald Campbell)—and so is her future partner Clementina Anstruther-Thomson. The letters reflect the expansion of her subject matter from cultural studies, art history and aesthetic philosophy. Her charity work in hospitals in Florence and her readings in Political Economy lead her thinking towards social reform and political issues. Her brother’s mental illness and her own breakdown bring about an awareness of body and mind balance and a taste for outdoor pursuits (mountaineering; bicycling; horse riding; swimming) and for experimental psychology (rotating mirrors; hypnosis) and therapies (hydrotherapy). The Pagets move away from the city center of Florence into the Villa Il Palmerino, then in the countryside, where both Eugene and Vernon recover.Correspondents include Lee’s parents, Matilda and Henry Ferguson Paget; her step-brother poet Eugene Lee-Hamilton; English poetess Mary Robinson; English poet Robert Browning; British novelist and journalist Ellen Mary Abdy-Williams; British social reform activist and editor Percy William Bunting; Irish journalist and activist Frances Power Cobbe; Irish scholar and novelist Bella Duffy; British eugenicist Karl Pearson; British publisher William Blackwood; Scottish writer Robert Louis Stevenson; American novelist Henry James; American connoisseur and arts patron Isabella Stuart Gardner; French translator and critic Marie-Thérèse Blanc ("Th. Bentzon"); Lady Louisa Wolseley; Irish historian and activist Alice Stopford-Green; Italian Countess Angelica (Pasolini) Rasponi; Italian poet, writer and critic Enrico Nencioni; Italian novelist, essayist and critic Mario Pratesi; Italian editor and man of letters Francesco Protonotari; Italian painter Telemaco Signorini.