Stanley M. Roberts – författare

This volume is designed for chemists working in an organic chemistry laboratory and for all scientists with an interest in biotransformations. It summarizes the important aspects of work in the burgeoning field of biotransformations, th...[missing text]

This Second Edition covers exciting progress recently made with individual drugs and includes a special chapter on the impact of molecular biology on drug design. Other additions to the Second Edition include structure-activity relationships, the role of molecular biology in drug discovery, and drug access and prodrugs. Written for students considering a research career in drug development, this volume is conveniently divided into two parts. The first half introduces readers to the mechanisms of action of drugs and the approaches adopted in designing new drugs. The second half contains chapters written by the discoverers or developers of individual successful drugs who trace the history of the drugs to the present day.

Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development provides, for the first time, an introduction to the science behind successful pharmaceutical research and development programs. The book explains basic principles, then compares and contrasts approaches to both biopharmaceuticals (proteins) and small molecule drugs, presenting an overview of the business and management issues of these approaches. The latter part of the book provides carefully selected real-life case studies illustrating how the theory presented in the first part of the book is actually put into practice. Studies include Herceptin/T-DM1, erythropoietin (Epogen/Eprex/NeoRecormon), anti-HIV protease inhibitor Darunavir, and more.

Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development is intended for late-stage undergraduates or postgraduates studying chemistry (at the biology interface), biochemistry, medicine, pharmacy, medicine, or allied subjects. The book is also useful in a wide variety of science degree courses, in post-graduate taught material (Masters and PhD), and as basic background reading for scientists in the pharmaceutical industry.

For the first time, the fundamental scientific principles of biopharmaceuticals and small molecule chemotherapeutics are discussed side-by-side at a basic level Edited by three senior scientists with over 100 years of experience in drug research who have compiled the best scientific comparison of small molecule and biopharmaceuticals approaches to new drugs Illustrated with key examples of important drugs that exemplify the basic principles of pharmaceutical drug research and development

Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development provides, for the first time, an introduction to the science behind successful pharmaceutical research and development programs. The book explains basic principles, then compares and contrasts approaches to both biopharmaceuticals (proteins) and small molecule drugs, presenting an overview of the business and management issues of these approaches. The latter part of the book provides carefully selected real-life case studies illustrating how the theory presented in the first part of the book is actually put into practice. Studies include Herceptin/T-DM1, erythropoietin (Epogen/Eprex/NeoRecormon), anti-HIV protease inhibitor Darunavir, and more.Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development is intended for late-stage undergraduates or postgraduates studying chemistry (at the biology interface), biochemistry, medicine, pharmacy, medicine, or allied subjects. The book is also useful in a wide variety of science degree courses, in post-graduate taught material (Masters and PhD), and as basic background reading for scientists in the pharmaceutical industry.- For the first time, the fundamental scientific principles of biopharmaceuticals and small molecule chemotherapeutics are discussed side-by-side at a basic level- Edited by three senior scientists with over 100 years of experience in drug research who have compiled the best scientific comparison of small molecule and biopharmaceuticals approaches to new drugs- Illustrated with key examples of important drugs that exemplify the basic principles of pharmaceutical drug research and development

Volume 5 in the Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis series describes new procedures for the regio- and stereo-controlled transformations of compounds involving oxidation or reduction reactions. It describes a wide range of catalysts, including organometallic systems, biocatalysts and biomimetics. This volume also includes descriptions of a variety of conversions, including: Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; Epoxidation reactions; Hydroxylation reactions; Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids; Reduction of ketones; and Reduction of alkenes including α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The book will be an important text for practising synthetic organic chemists in industry and academia. Protocols are written in a standard format by the authors who have discovered themHints, tips and safety advice (where appropriate) is given to ensure that the procedures are reproducibleIndications are given as to the range of starting materials used and, where appropriate, comparisons to alternative methodologyIncludes relevant references to the primary literature.

Volume 5 in the Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis series describes new procedures for the regio- and stereo-controlled transformations of compounds involving oxidation or reduction reactions. It describes a wide range of catalysts, including organometallic systems, biocatalysts and biomimetics. This volume also includes descriptions of a variety of conversions, including: Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; Epoxidation reactions; Hydroxylation reactions; Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids; Reduction of ketones; and Reduction of alkenes including α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The book will be an important text for practising synthetic organic chemists in industry and academia. Protocols are written in a standard format by the authors who have discovered them Hints, tips and safety advice (where appropriate) is given to ensure that the procedures are reproducible Indications are given as to the range of starting materials used and, where appropriate, comparisons to alternative methodology Includes relevant references to the primary literature.

This series offers practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working with catalysts in organic and organometallic synthesis. It features tested and validated procedures, authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts, and assessments of all types of catalysts. Micro- and Mesoporous Solid Catalysts describes the use of zeolites and mesoporous solids as catalysts for the production of fine and specialty chemicals. Specific tips and hints are provided and some typical procedures are described in detail In addition to discussing the pros and cons, several major organic transformations are examined including aromatic substitutions, heterocyclic ring formation, amines synthesis, oligomerisation, oxidation and hydroxylation, and other regioselective and stereoselective reactions Features tutorial introductory chapters, including tips and hints for achieving successful organic transformations Important reactions are featured together with recommendations to resolve potential problems.

This series aims to be a practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working in organic and organometallic synthesis. It features tested and validated procedures, authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts, and assessments of all types of catalysts. The source of starting materials and reagents, hints, tips and safety advice (where appropriate) are given to ensure, as far as possible, that the procedures are reproducible. Comparisons to alternative methodology are given and relevant references to the primary literature are cited. The five volumes in this set are: Volume 1: Hydrolysis, Oxidation and Reduction.Volume 2: Catalysis by PolyoxometalatesVolume 3: Metal Catalysed Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming ReactionsVolume 4: Microporous and Mesoporous Solid CatalystsVolume 5: Regio- and Stereo-Controlled Oxidations and Reductions

Catalysts are increasingly used by chemists engaged in fine chemical synthesis within both industry and academia. Today, there exists a huge choice of high-tech catalysts, which add enormously to the repertoire of synthetic possibilities. However, catalysts are occasionally capricious, sometimes difficult to use and almost always require both skill and experience in order to achieve optimal results. This series aims to be a practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working in organic and organometallic synthesis. The series features: * Tested and validated procedures. * Authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts. * Assessments of all types of catalysts. * Expertise from the Leverhulme Centre for Innovative Catalysis, Liverpool, UK. The review section in the first volume of the series contains a report by Stanley M. Roberts on the integration of biotransformations into the catalyst portfolio. The procedure section contains a wide variety of synthetic protocols, such as epoxidations of unsaturated ketones and esters, asymmetric reductions of carbon-oxygen double bonds, asymmetric hydrogenations of carbon-carbon double bonds and other types of reaction. The featured catalysts include a wide range of different materials such as poly-D-leucine, D-fructose-based dioxiranes, oxaborolidine borane, some important titanium and ruthenium complexes as well as baker''s yeast. For each reaction there are one or several detailed protocols on how to prepare and employ the various catalysts.

The chemist has a vast range of high-tech catalysts to use when working in fine chemical synthesis but the catalysts are generally hard to use and require both time, skill and experience to handle properly. The Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis series contains tested and validated procedures which provide a unique range resources for chemists who work in organic chemistry. "... of great value to synthetic organic chemists..." (The Chemists, Summer 2003)Volume 3 in the series focuses on catalysts for carbon-carbon bond formation and presents practical  and detailed protocols on how to use sophisticated catalysts by the "inventors" and "developers" who created them. The combination of protocols and review commentaries helps the reader to easily and quickly understand and use the new high-tech catalysts.

The chemist has a vast range of high-tech catalysts to use when working in fine chemical synthesis but the catalysts are generally hard to use and require both time, skill and experience to handle properly. The Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis series contains tested and validated procedures which provide a unique range resources for chemists who work in organic chemistry.

"... of great value to synthetic organic chemists..." (The Chemists, Summer 2003)

Volume 3 in the series focuses on catalysts for carbon-carbon bond formation and presents practical  and detailed protocols on how to use sophisticated catalysts by the "inventors" and "developers" who created them. The combination of protocols and review commentaries helps the reader to easily and quickly understand and use the new high-tech catalysts.

This series offers practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working with catalysts in organic and organometallic synthesis. It features tested and validated procedures, authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts, and assessments of all types of catalysts. Micro- and Mesoporous Solid Catalysts describes the use of zeolites and mesoporous solids as catalysts for the production of fine and specialty chemicals. Specific tips and hints are provided and some typical procedures are described in detailIn addition to discussing the pros and cons, several major organic transformations are examined including aromatic substitutions, heterocyclic ring formation, amines synthesis, oligomerisation, oxidation and hydroxylation, and other regioselective and stereoselective reactionsFeatures tutorial introductory chapters, including tips and hints for achieving successful organic transformationsImportant reactions are featured together with recommendations to resolve potential problems.

Replacing the very successful loose-leaf format, this invaluable set of protocols covers those areas where cells and enzymes have been proven to be useful catalysts. From 1992-1997 Preparative Biotransformations was published in the loose-leaf format. During this time 800 pages of detailed protocols on the use and handling of cells and enzymes in organic synthesis were collected. This collection of protocopls has become very valuable and useful. Today's chemists are expected to be able to use enzymes as normal catalysts. In this key reference source, anyone working in area of synthesis will find the necessary techniques and skills to master the problems of using these 'non-chemical' catalysts. It includes: * A collection of procedures originally published in the looseleaf publication, 'Preparative Biotransformations' * Includes a state-of-the-art review by Professor S.M. Roberts not previously published * Contains fully tested and validated protocols * Step-by-step instructions for the expert and the inexperienced chemist

Catalysts are increasingly used by chemists engaged in fine chemical synthesis within both industry and academia. Today, there exists a huge choice of high-tech catalysts, which add enormously to the repertoire of synthetic possibilities. However, catalysts are occasionally capricious, sometimes difficult to use and almost always require both skill and experience in order to achieve optimal results. This series aims to be a practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working in organic and organometallic synthesis.The series features:* Tested and validated procedures.* Authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts.* Assessments of all types of catalysts.* Expertise from the Leverhulme Centre for Innovative Catalysis, Liverpool, UK.The review section in the first volume of the series contains a report by Stanley M. Roberts on the integration of biotransformations into the catalyst portfolio.The procedure section contains a wide variety of synthetic protocols, such as epoxidations of unsaturated ketones and esters, asymmetric reductions of carbon-oxygen double bonds, asymmetric hydrogenations of carbon-carbon double bonds and other types of reaction. The featured catalysts include a wide range of different materials such as poly-D-leucine, D-fructose-based dioxiranes, oxaborolidine borane, some important titanium and ruthenium complexes as well as baker's yeast. For each reaction there are one or several detailed protocols on how to prepare and employ the various catalysts.

The importance of molecular recognition in chemistry and biology is reflected in a recent upsurge in relevant research, promoted in particular by high-profile initiatives in this area in Europe, the USA and Japan. Although molecular recognition is necessarily microscopic in origin, its consequences are de facto macroscopic. Accordingly, a text that starts with intermolecular interactions between simple molecules and builds to a discussion of molecular recognition involving larger scale systems is timely. This book was planned with such a development in mind. The book begins with an elementary but rigorous account of the various types of forces between molecules. Chapter 2 is concerned with the hydrogen bond between pairs of simple molecules in the gas phase, with particular reference to the preferred relative orientation of the pair and the ease with which this can be distorted. This microscopic view continues in chapter 3 wherein the nature of interactions between solute molecules and solvents or between two or more solutes is examined from the experimental standpoint, with various types of spectroscopy providing the probe of the nature of the interactions. Molecular recognition is central to the catalysis of chemical reactions, especially when bonds are to be broken and formed under the severe con­ straint that a specific configuration is to result, as in the production of enan­ tiotopically pure compounds. This important topic is considered in chapter 4.

Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of Prostanoids contains the proceedings of a symposium on the Chemistry and Biochemistry of Prostanoids held at the University of Salford, England on July 10-14, 1978. Separating 29 papers of the symposium as chapters, this book begins with a description of prostanoids in health and disease and recent developments in the synthesis of antisecretory prostaglandins. Other topics discuss synthesis of some novel 11-deoxyprostaglandins; bicycles, tricycles and prostaglandin synthesis; chemical and biological studies on new prostanoids; and isolation and characterization of enzymes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Structure activity relationships of prostaglandins and a biochemical background of caloric restriction therapy of obesity are also explained.

Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes explores the two members of the prostanoid class of fatty acid. This book attempts to thoroughly discuss the topic after collecting enough information through research in physical and biological sciences. As the title suggests, the book revolves around prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The book''s first chapter contains a discussion on the subject''s history, stating the year of discovery and crediting the scientist who coined the names. The chapter ends talking about the possible uses of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the clinic. The chapters that follow discuss the two lipids'' basic and advanced synthesis, pharmacology, biosynthesis, biological activity, chemical interconversions, and metabolism, along with its subtopics. The book will serve as an excellent reference for undergraduate and graduate students in the related field.

Die Stereochemie ist eines der wichtigsten wissenschaftlichen Konzepte, aber auch eines der am schwierigsten zu erfassenden Gebiete der Chemie. Ihre Bedeutung zeigt sich nicht nur in der Chemie, sondern auch in vielen anderen Naturwissenschaften. Um zu einem guten Ver­ ständnis der Stereochemie und ihrer Auswirkungen zu gelangen, muß man zu dreidimensio­ nalem Denken fahig sein und sich eine umfangreiche und oft verwirrende Terminologie an­ eignen. Einführung in die Organische Stereochemie ist nicht als ein umfassendes Lehrbuch ge­ dacht. Wir wollten ein Buch schreiben, daß den Anfänger Schritt für Schritt weiterführt und auch einen Einblick darin gewährt, wie stereochemisches Wissen bei der Planung einer Syn­ thesestrategie und dem Erklären der Ergebnisse einiger Reaktionen angewendet wird. Die ersten Kapitel wurden auf Studenten des Studienganges Chemie zugeschnitten, sind aber auch für Studenten der Biochemie oder Medizin, insofern ein stereochemisches Be­ wußtsein, aber keine komplexeren Details notwendig sind, geeignet. Diese Kapitel decken die Identifikation und Zuordnung verschiedener Eigenschaften chiraler organischer Mole­ küle ab und erfordern, von allgemeinen chemischen Grundkenntnissen abgesehen, keinerlei stereochemisches Vorwissen. Die folgenden Kapitel sind mehr auf den fortgeschrittenen Studenten im Hauptstudium zugeschnitten. Hier wird ein Verständnis der Vorhersagbarkeit durch stereochemische Mo­ delle wie der Cramschen Regel geschaffen, anspruchsvollere stereochemische Begriffe wie Topizität oder Stereoselektivität sind hier von Bedeutung.

Dieses Lehrbuch bietet einen Überblick über das gesamte Gebiet der Organischen Stereochemie. Der Lernenden wird von Strukturen einfacher Moleküle bis hin Biomolekülen geleitet und erhält eine ausführliche Einführung in die Begriffe und Konzepte der Stereochemie. Da diese Bestandteil vieler organischer Reaktionen ist, entscheidet auch ihr Verständnis über den Erfolg der modernen Syntheseplanung. So gehen die Autoren zum Schluß auch auf die stereochemische Kontrolle in der asymmetrischen Synthese ein. Viele klare Diagramme und Übungen mit Antworten in jedem Kapitel erleichtern das Lernen.