Stepan S. Batsanov - Böcker

The use of explosives to generate ultrahigh pressures and thereby modify the structure and properties of condensed matter began in the 1950s and has since then become an important area of science. This book discusses the physical principles and experimental techniques of shock compression as applied to problems of inorganic chemistry and materials science. It begins with the fundamental physics of shock waves, the dynamic compressibility of solids, and physical and chemical transformations that may be produced by a shock. The second chapter turns to the experimental conditions for measurements and the preparation of ampoules. Subsequent chapters discuss: microstructural changes, such as fragmentation, shock hardening, and shock compaction; phase transformations in graphite, oxides, metals, and other materials; and chemical transformations, including mass transfer, decomposition, and diamond synthesis.

The use of explosives to generate ultrahigh pressures and thereby modify the structure and properties of condensed matter began in the 1950s and has since then become an important area of science. This book discusses the physical principles and experimental techniques of shock compression as applied to problems of inorganic chemistry and materials science. It begins with the fundamental physics of shock waves, the dynamic compressibility of solids, and physical and chemical transformations that may be produced by a shock. The second chapter turns to the experimental conditions for measurements and the preparation of ampoules. Subsequent chapters discuss: microstructural changes, such as fragmentation, shock hardening, and shock compaction; phase transformations in graphite, oxides, metals, and other materials; and chemical transformations, including mass transfer, decomposition, and diamond synthesis.

A concise description of models and quantitative parameters in structural chemistry and their interrelations, with 280 tables and >3000 references giving the most up-to-date experimental data on energy characteristics of atoms, molecules and crystals (ionisation potentials, electron affinities, bond energies, heats of phase transitions, band and lattice energies), optical properties (refractive index, polarisability), spectroscopic characteristics and geometrical parameters (bond distances and angles, coordination numbers) of substances in gaseous, liquid and solid states, in glasses and melts, for various thermodynamic conditions. Systems of metallic, covalent, ionic and van der Waals radii, effective atomic charges and other empirical and semi-empirical models are critically revised. Special attention is given to new and growing areas: structural studies of solids under high pressures and van der Waals molecules in gases. The book is addressed to researchers, academics, postgraduates and advanced-course students in crystallography, materials science, physical chemistry of solids.

A concise description of models and quantitative parameters in structural chemistry and their interrelations, with 280 tables and >3000 references giving the most up-to-date experimental data on energy characteristics of atoms, molecules and crystals (ionisation potentials, electron affinities, bond energies, heats of phase transitions, band and lattice energies), optical properties (refractive index, polarisability), spectroscopic characteristics and geometrical parameters (bond distances and angles, coordination numbers) of substances in gaseous, liquid and solid states, in glasses and melts, for various thermodynamic conditions. Systems of metallic, covalent, ionic and van der Waals radii, effective atomic charges and other empirical and semi-empirical models are critically revised. Special attention is given to new and growing areas: structural studies of solids under high pressures and van der Waals molecules in gases. The book is addressed to researchers, academics, postgraduates and advanced-course students in crystallography, materials science, physical chemistry of solids.

This book highlights the basics of crystal optics methods and refractive index (RI) measurement techniques in various solids, as well as their scientific and technological applications. In addition to new techniques for cases when traditional techniques are impractical, such as for highly refracting powders, anomalous dispersion of light in the studied solid, or for colloids, it also describes conventional methods of RI measurement.

This book highlights how the properties and structure of materials are affected by dynamic high pressures generated by explosions, projectile impacts, laser compression, electric discharge or ball milling.