Thierry Giamarchi - Böcker

This book presents in a pedagogical yet complete way correlated systems in one dimension. Recent progress in nanotechnology and material research have made one dimensional systems a crucial part of today's physics. After an introduction to the basic concepts of correlated systems, the book gives a step by step description of the techniques needed to treat one dimension, and discusses the resulting physics. Then specific experimental realizations of one dimensional systems such as spin chains, quantum wires, nanotubes, organic superconductors etc. are examined. Given its progressive and pedagogical approach, this book should satisfy both graduate students who want to learn the tools of the trade and become professionals in the field as well as more advanced researchers who want to know more about the physics of a specific one dimensional system without unnecessary technicalities.

Over the last decade new experimental tools and theoretical concepts are providing new insights into collective nonequilibrium behavior of quantum systems. The exquisite control provided by laser trapping and cooling techniques allows us to observe the behavior of condensed bose and degenerate Fermi gases under nonequilibrium drive or after `quenches' in which a Hamiltonian parameter is suddenly or slowly changed. On the solid state front, high intensity short-time pulses and fast (femtosecond) probes allow solids to be put into highly excited states and probed before relaxation and dissipation occur. Experimental developments are matched by progress in theoretical techniques ranging from exact solutions of strongly interacting nonequilibrium models to new approaches to nonequilibrium numerics. The summer school `Strongly interacting quantum systems out of equilibrium' held at the Les Houches School of Physics as its XCIX session was designed to summarize this progress, lay out the open questions and define directions for future work. This books collects the lecture notes of the main courses given in this summer school.

Advances in material technology and low temperature techniques have led to the discovery of new physical phenomena. Situations are now routinely achieved in which the electronic system is so dominated by interactions that the old concepts of a Fermi liquid are no longer necessarily a good starting point, particularly so in the theory of low-dimensional systems. Disorder is often an unavoidable complication in such systems, leading to a host of rich physical phenomena, which has pushed the forefront of fundamental research to the point where the interplay between many-body correlations and quantum interference enhanced by disorder has become the key to understanding novel phenomena.The topics included in this volume cover surprises found in novel nanostructures and low-dimensional devices of submicron size, including quantum interference and electron-electron interactions in transport in metals, semiconductors and superconductors, theories of the Luttinger liquid of electrons in carbon nanotubes, Wigner crystals in 2-D electronic systems, the Kondo effect in quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime, quantum chaos in ballistic and disordered microstructures, and mesoscopic effects in superconductors. Experimental papers cover the physics of the Kondo effect in 0-D devices, transport in 1-D nanotubes, magneto-optics of skyrmions and composite fermions in the quantum Hall regime, and a possible metal-insulator transition in 2-D electron and hole gases.