Tim Chard – författare

This important new volume in the series Cambridge Reviews in Human Reproduction provides a wide-ranging and authoritative account of the uterus and its physiological role in fertility, normal pregnancy and delivery. Acknowledged authorities from around the world provide a detailed and timely account of uterine physiology. The volume encompasses a wealth of material including cell and developmental biology, structure, function, anatomy and endocrinology, and then goes on to cover clinically important issues such as the cervix during pregnancy, measurement of uterine contractions and initiation of labour. It will prove of particular value to those involved in the management of women with pre-term labour, as well as those concerned with the development of new procedures for the prevention or amelioration of this condition.

Basic Sciences for Obstetrics and Gynaecology has become the standard revision aid for students preparing for examinations in obstetrics and gynaecology, particularly those candidates for the MRCOG Part I. A wealth of information is presented in a concise, didactic format, focusing on those facts that are generally considered to be neither contentious nor speculative. The fifth edition has been substantially updated to reflect the current understanding of the basic sciences underpinning the practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. This book will also be of value to professionals wishing to refresh their basic scientific knowledge. Cell Biology, Embryology and the Placenta Anatomy General Physiology and biochemistry Endocrinology Pathology Microbiology Pharmacology Tim Chard is Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at St Bartholomew''s Hospital in London. Richard Lilford is Professor of Health Services Research at the University of Birmingham.

The aim of this book is to provide a straightforward summary of the knowledge required for examinations in specialist Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Part Two of the examination for Membership of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists would be a good example. The volume is intended as a·companion to the highly successfulBasicSciencesforObstetricsandGynaecology which covers the knowledge required for preliminary examinations. Increasingly, examinations ofall types are based on multiple choice questions (MCQ) or structured answer questions (SAQ). No apology is made for the fact that the present book addresses the sort of "fact" which lends itself to testing by this approach. Thus, there is little discussion of speculative or contentious areas, no account of present or future research, and no references. Numerous excellent books are available which cover these topics in a much fuller and more discursive manner, and the present volume does not seek to emulate them. Even the most apparently immutable facts are subject to periodic revision. We have attempted to present the "state-of-the-art": most of the material is generally if not universally accepted. A particular problem arises with numerical information. Frequencies of diseases, frequency of clinical findings, efficiency of diagnostic tests and therapies, have almost always been the subject ofnumerous different studies, each of which yields somewhat different results.

A variety of new techniques that promise to revolutionize the clinical management of early pregnancy are fully detailed in this state-of-the-art book. Leading international researchers describe fast-moving topics such as embryo manipulation and the diagnosis of congenital abnormalities. The technology of assisted reproduction has made it possible to study living embryonic material for the first time, which has led to rapid advances in our understanding of the human embryo''s early development. For example, study of the embryo in the test tube has pointed to early pregnancy loss as a possible cause of later infertility. Even more important, diagnostic tests using sophisticated techniques of molecular biology can be run on single cells before the embryo is replaced in the uterus. Another area of advance is the diagnosis of congenital abnormalities in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Great improvements have been made in the techniques of chorion villus biopsy and ultrasound imaging. A spectrum of simple biochemical tests performed on the mother''s blood can greatly improve the detection of Down syndrome and other chromosome defects. Together with other developments in the fields of molecular biology and endocrinology, these new diagnostic techniques are the beginning of a new age in clinical human genetics and embryology.

A variety of new techniques that promise to revolutionize the clinical management of early pregnancy are fully detailed in this state-of-the-art book. Leading international researchers describe fast-moving topics such as embryo manipulation and the diagnosis of congenital abnormalities. The technology of assisted reproduction has made it possible to study living embryonic material for the first time, which has led to rapid advances in our understanding of the human embryo's early development. For example, study of the embryo in the test tube has pointed to early pregnancy loss as a possible cause of later infertility. Even more important, diagnostic tests using sophisticated techniques of molecular biology can be run on single cells before the embryo is replaced in the uterus. Another area of advance is the diagnosis of congenital abnormalities in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Great improvements have been made in the techniques of chorion villus biopsy and ultrasound imaging. A spectrum of simple biochemical tests performed on the mother's blood can greatly improve the detection of Down syndrome and other chromosome defects. Together with other developments in the fields of molecular biology and endocrinology, these new diagnostic techniques are the beginning of a new age in clinical human genetics and embryology.

Sixteen British specialists pool their extensive knowledge of spontaneous abortion in one source. Their discussion is directly applicable to clinical situations and helps identify areas of debate and alternative methods.

Sixteen British specialists pool their extensive knowledge of spontaneous abortion in one source. Their discussion is directly applicable to clinical situations and helps identify areas of debate and alternative methods.

Several aspects of clinical medicine are poised on the edge of a new era with the introduction of therapeutic antibodies. This revolution has been made possible by major advances in immune technology, which are now beginning to mature into clinical practice. This volume is aimed at all clinicians involved with this form of treatment, especially accident and emergency physicians, clinical immunologists, and pharmacologists. It covers both the basic technology, and also all the main clinical areas of application: septic shock, auto-immune disease, and cancer. The future of therapeutic antibodies is also discussed, including exciting new developments in "catalytic antibodies". This is the first occasion on which all these topics have been brought together in a single volume, thus making it an important reference source for physicians and researchers in this fast-moving area.

Several aspects of clinical medicine are poised on the edge of a new era with the introduction of therapeutic antibodies. This revolution has been made possible by major advances in immune technology, which are now beginning to mature into clinical practice. This volume is aimed at all clinicians involved with this form of treatment, especially accident and emergency physicians, clinical immunologists, and pharmacologists. It covers both the basic technology, and also all the main clinical areas of application: septic shock, auto-immune disease, and cancer. The future of therapeutic antibodies is also discussed, including exciting new developments in "catalytic antibodies". This is the first occasion on which all these topics have been brought together in a single volume, thus making it an important reference source for physicians and researchers in this fast-moving area.

In the three years since the publication of the first edition this book has been very well received by those for whom it was intended-candidates for primary examinations in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. In consequence, we make no excuse for repeating the formula of addressing only those facts which are neither speculative nor contentious. An attempt to widen this brief would multiply the length of the book by three or four times and would place it in an identical category with several much larger texts which we recommend at the end of each chapter to those seeking a deeper understanding of any particular subject. As the underlying philosophy remains the same, the main changes in the second edition are the addition of new material and revision of existing material. New material includes subjects in which interest has expanded greatly in recent years (e.g. AIDS) and topics which were inadvertently overlooked before (e.g. congenital adrenal hyperplasia). Revision of existing material has been extensive, with many detailed changes aimed at expanding the factual base while retaining or improving the clarity of explanation. Finally, and probably most important, many of the changes are those which have been suggested by readers and reviewers of the first edition: this feedback has been invaluable to the authors and we now hope will be equally valuable to readers of the new edition.

MRCOG Part 1 is a multiple choice question and answer volume dealing with the basic sciences in obstetrics and gynaecology. The overall aim of the volume is to give candidates for examinations such as the MCROG Part 1 as close as possible a flavour of the examination itself. The material presented in the book covers cell biology, embryology and the placenta,,anatomy, general physiology and biochemistry, endocrinology, pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, statistics, and ultrasound. For those who seek information in addition to the answer provided, a reference to the appropriate page number in the textbook "Basic Sciences in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2nd edition" by Professors Chard and Lilford is also included in the answer.

In the four years since the publication of the second edition this book has been very well received by those for whom it was intended - candidates for primary examinations in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. In consequence, we make no excuse for repeating the formula of addressing only those facts which are neither speculative nor contentious. An attempt to widen this brief would multiply the length of the book by three or four times and would place it in an identical category with several much larger texts which we recommend at the end of each chapter to those seeking a deeper understanding of any particular subject. As the underlying philosophy remains the same, the main changes in the third edition are the addition of new material and revision of existing material. Revision of existing material has been extensive, with many detailed changes aimed at expanding the factual base while retaining or improving the clarity of explanation. In addition, the book is now associated with an MCQ Tutor which has proved especially popular. Finally, and probably most important, many of the changes are those which have been suggested by readers and reviewers of the first and second editions: this feedback has been invaluable to the authors and we now hope will be equally valuable to readers of the new edition.

In the four years since the publication of the third edition, this book has been very well received by those for whom it was intended - candidates for primary examinations in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. In consequence, we make no excuse for repeating the formula of addressing only those facts which are neither speculative nor contentious. An attempt to widen this brief would multiply the length of the book by three or four times and would place it in an identical category with several much larger texts. As the underlying philosophy remains the same, the main changes in the fourth edition are the addition of new material and revision of existing material. Revision of existing material has been extensive with many detailed changes aimed at expanding the factual base while retaining or improving the clarity of explanation. In addition, the book is now associated with an MCQ Tutor which has proved especially popular. Finally, and probably most importantly, many of the changes are those which have been suggested by readers and reviewers of the previous editions; this feedback has been invaluable to the authors and we now hope will be equally valuable to readers of the new edition. In this edition we wish to express our particular gratitude to Dr John Clark and Miss Lois Hague for the very elegant new illustrations in Chapter 2.

The aim of this book is to provide a straightforward summary of the knowl­ edge required for examinations in specialist Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Part Two of the examination for Membership of the Royal College of Ob­ stetricians and Gynaecologists would be a good example. The volume is intended as a companion to the highly successful Basic Sciences for Ob­ stetrics and Gynaecology which covers the knowledge required for pre­ liminary examinations. Increasingly, examinations of all types are based on multiple choice ques­ tions (MCQ) or structured answer questions (SAQ). No apology is made for the fact that the present book addresses the sort of "fact" which lends itself to testing by this approach. Thus, there is little discussion of specula­ tive or contentious areas, no account of present or future research, and no references. Numerous excellent books are available which cover these top­ ics in a much fuller and more discursive manner, and the present volume does not seek to emulate them.

The advent of assisted conception procedures such as in-vitro fertili­ sation (IVF) has provided the impetus for exploration of the factors that lead to the establishment of pregnancy. This collection of papers from leading research workers brings together current concepts of the processes which may be of importance in implantation. The complex signals from the embryo to the ovary, endometrium and myometrium are now being revealed through studies in both primates and other mammalian species. This book addresses the interrelationship of pituitary and ovarian hormones in controlling ovulation and the preparation of the intrauterine environment for implantation. Once fertilisation has occurred and trophoblast has formed, the next vital step is the production of materials which signal the presence of the pregnancy to the rest of the body. Trophoblastic proteins and other early-pregnancy factors are prime candidates for this role. Recent studies have emphasised the importance of the intrauterine environment in implantation. Specific secretory products of the endometrium have great potential in this process. The prostaglandins also play an essential part. Immunological adjustments are now considered a condition for the successful establishment of pregnancy. The possible use of immuno­ therapy in the treatment of recurrent abortion has highlighted interest in this area. The use of immunological techniques for contraception are in their infancy but offer much hope for the future.

The advent of assisted conception procedures such as in-vitro fertili­ sation (IVF) has provided the impetus for exploration of the factors that lead to the establishment of pregnancy. This collection of papers from leading research workers brings together current concepts of the processes which may be of importance in implantation. The complex signals from the embryo to the ovary, endometrium and myometrium are now being revealed through studies in both primates and other mammalian species. This book addresses the interrelationship of pituitary and ovarian hormones in controlling ovulation and the preparation of the intrauterine environment for implantation. Once fertilisation has occurred and trophoblast has formed, the next vital step is the production of materials which signal the presence of the pregnancy to the rest of the body. Trophoblastic proteins and other early-pregnancy factors are prime candidates for this role. Recent studies have emphasised the importance of the intrauterine environment in implantation. Specific secretory products of the endometrium have great potential in this process. The prostaglandins also play an essential part. Immunological adjustments are now considered a condition for the successful establishment of pregnancy. The possible use of immuno­ therapy in the treatment of recurrent abortion has highlighted interest in this area. The use of immunological techniques for contraception are in their infancy but offer much hope for the future.

Springer-Verlag''s study guides have already helped thousands of candidates prepare for the examinations of the prestigious Royal Colleges. MRCOG, Part 1 is designed specifically for candidates sitting Part 1 of the Members of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists''s examination and lets students taste the flavor of the real examination. The multiple choice questions have been updated and brief comments have been added for all the answers, whether true or false. MRCOG, Part 1 can be used as a companion volume to the successful "Basic Sciences for Obstetrics and Gynaecology" by the same authors. Both volumes cover the same material in the same order, and the answer to each question includes a reference to the appropriate page numbers in the textbook.

The aim of this book is to provide a straightforward summary of the knowledge required for examinations in specialist Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Part Two of the examination for Membership of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists would be a good example. The volume is intended as a·companion to the highly successfulBasicSciencesforObstetricsandGynaecology which covers the knowledge required for preliminary examinations. Increasingly, examinations ofall types are based on multiple choice questions (MCQ) or structured answer questions (SAQ). No apology is made for the fact that the present book addresses the sort of "fact" which lends itself to testing by this approach. Thus, there is little discussion of speculative or contentious areas, no account of present or future research, and no references. Numerous excellent books are available which cover these topics in a much fuller and more discursive manner, and the present volume does not seek to emulate them. Even the most apparently immutable facts are subject to periodic revision. We have attempted to present the "state-of-the-art": most of the material is generally if not universally accepted. A particular problem arises with numerical information. Frequencies of diseases, frequency of clinical findings, efficiency of diagnostic tests and therapies, have almost always been the subject ofnumerous different studies, each of which yields somewhat different results.

Basic Sciences for Obstetrics and Gynaecology has become the standard revision aid for students preparing for examinations in obstetrics and gynaecology, particularly those candidates for the MRCOG Part I. A wealth of information is presented in a concise, didactic format, focusing on those facts that are generally considered to be neither contentious nor speculative. The fifth edition has been substantially updated to reflect the current understanding of the basic sciences underpinning the practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. This book will also be of value to professionals wishing to refresh their basic scientific knowledge. Cell Biology, Embryology and the Placenta Anatomy General Physiology and biochemistry Endocrinology Pathology Microbiology Pharmacology Tim Chard is Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London. Richard Lilford is Professor of Health Services Research at the University of Birmingham.

The aim of this book is to provide a straightforward summary of the knowledge required for examinations in specialist Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Part Two of the examination for Membership of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists would be a good example. The volume is intended as a companion to the highly successful Basic Sciences for Obstetrics and Gynaecology which covers the knowledge required for preliminary examinations. Increasingly, examinations of all types are based on multiple choice questions (MCQ) or structured answer questions (SAQ). No apology is made for the fact that the present book addresses the sort of "fact" which lends itself to testing by this approach. Thus, there is little discussion of speculative or contentious areas, no account of present or future research, and no references. Numerous excellent books are available which cover these topics in a much fuller and more discursive manner, and the present volume does not seek to emulate them. Even the most apparently immutable facts are subject to periodic revision. We have attempted to present the "state-of-the-a.rt": most of the material is generally if not universally accepted. A particular problem arises with numerical information. Frequencies of diseases, frequency of clinical findings, efficiency of diagnostic tests and therapies, have almost always been the subject of numerous different studies, each of which yields somewhat different results.